On generalized Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations with inhomogeneous boundary conditions: a‐priori estimates and stability

In this paper, we consider the strongly nonlinear Nernst–Planck equations coupled with the quasi‐linear Poisson equation under inhomogeneous, moreover, nonlinear boundary conditions. This system describes joint multi‐component electrokinetics in a pore phase. The system is supplemented by the force balance and by the volume and positivity constraints. We establish well‐posedness of the problem in the variational setting. Namely, we prove the existence theorem supported by the energy and the entropy a‐priori estimates, and we provide the Lyapunov stability of the solution as well as its uniqueness in special cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Derivation of Hartreeʼs theory for generic mean-field Bose systems

In this paper we provide a novel strategy to prove the validity of Hartree?s theory for the ground state energy of bosonic quantum systems in the mean-field regime. For the known case of trapped Bose gases, this can be shown using the strong quantum de Finetti theorem, which gives the structure of infinite hierarchies of k-particles density matrices. Here we deal with the case where some particles are allowed to escape to infinity, leading to a lack of compactness. Our approach is based on two ingredients: (1) a weak version of the quantum de Finetti theorem, and (2) geometric techniques for many-body systems. Our strategy does not rely on any special property of the interaction between the particles. In particular, our results cover those of Benguria–Lieb and Lieb–Yau for, respectively, bosonic atoms and boson stars.     

Periodic Cyclic Homology as Sheaf Cohomology Dedicated to Daniel Quillen on his 60th Birthday

We study a noncommutative version of the infinitesimal site of Grothendieck. A theorem of Grothendieck establishes that the cohomology of the structure sheaf on the infinitesimal topology of a scheme of characteristic zero is de Rham cohomology. We prove that, for the noncommutative infinitesimal topology of an associative algebra over a field of characteristic zero, the cohomology of the structure sheaf modulo commutators is periodic cyclic cohomology. We also compute the noncommutative infinitesimal cohomology of other sheaves. For example, we show that infinitesimal hypercohomology with coefficients in K-theory gives the fiber of the Jones–Goodwillie character which goes from K-theory to negative cyclic homology.     

Preservation of stability under discretization of systems of ordinary differential equations

We study the stability preservation problem while passing from ordinary differential to difference equations. Using the method of Lyapunov functions, we determine the conditions under which the asymptotic stability of the zero solutions to systems of differential equations implies that the zero solutions to the corresponding difference systems are asymptotically stable as well. We prove a theorem on the stability of perturbed systems, estimate the duration of transition processes for some class of systems of nonlinear difference equations, and study the conditions of the stability of complex systems in nonlinear approximation.     

An adiabatic theorem for resonances

We prove a robust extension of the quantum adiabatic theorem. The theorem applies to systems that have resonances instead of bound states and to systems for which just an approximation to a bound state is known. To demonstrate the theorem's usefulness in a concrete situation, we apply it to shape resonances. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Existence and multiplicity of solutions for second order periodic systems with the p-Laplacian and a nonsmooth potential

In this paper we study nonlinear periodic systems driven by the ordinary p-Laplacian with a nonsmooth potential. We prove an existence theorem using a nonsmooth variant of the reduction method. We also prove two multiplicity results. The first is for scalar problems and uses the nonsmooth second deformation lemma. The second is for systems and it is based on the nonsmooth local linking theorem.     

L0-线性函数的Hahn-Banach扩张定理的几何形式与随机赋范模中的Goldstine-Weston定理

本文给出了关于L⁰- 线性函数的Hahn-Banach 扩张定理的几何形式并证明这个几何形式等价于它的代数形式. 进一步, 我们利用这个几何形式给出了随机局部凸模中熟知的基本分离定理的一个新的且简单的证明. 最后, 利用这个分离定理, 我们同时在两种拓扑 —(ε, λ)- 拓扑和局部L⁰- 凸拓扑下证明了随机赋范模中的Goldstine-Weston 稠密性定理, 并举出一个反例说明在局部L⁰- 凸拓扑下如果随机赋范模不具有可数连接性质, 则Goldstine-Weston 稠密性定理不一定成立.     

Existence and multiplicity of solutions for second order periodic systems with the <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Laplacian and a nonsmooth potential

In this paper we study nonlinear periodic systems driven by the ordinary p-Laplacian with a nonsmooth potential. We prove an existence theorem using a nonsmooth variant of the reduction method. We also prove two multiplicity results. The first is for scalar problems and uses the nonsmooth second deformation lemma. The second is for systems and it is based on the nonsmooth local linking theorem.     

Weakly Nonlinear Time-Adiabatic Theory

We revisit the time-adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics and show that it can be extended to weakly nonlinear situations, that is to nonlinear Schrödinger equations in which either the nonlinear coupling constant or, equivalently, the solution is asymptotically small. To this end, a notion of criticality is introduced at which the linear bound states stay adiabatically stable, but nonlinear effects start to show up at leading order in the form of a slowly varying nonlinear phase modulation. In addition, we prove that in the same regime a class of nonlinear bound states also stays adiabatically stable, at least in terms of spectral projections.     

The essential spectrum of N-body systems with asymptotically homogeneous order-zero interactions

We study the essential spectrum of N-body Hamiltonians with potentials defined by functions that have radial limits at infinity. The results extend the HVZ theorem which describes the essential spectrum of usual N-body Hamiltonians. The proof is based on a careful study of algebras generated by potentials and their cross-products. We also describe the topology on the spectrum of these algebras, thus extending to our setting a result of A. Mageira. Our techniques apply to more general classes of potentials associated with translation invariant algebras of bounded uniformly continuous functions on a finite-dimensional vector space X.     

Differential variational–hemivariational inequalities with application to contact mechanics

In this paper we study a dynamical system which consists of the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear evolution equation of first order coupled with a nonlinear time-dependent variational–hemivariational inequality with constraint in Banach spaces. The evolution equation is considered in the framework of evolution triple of spaces, and the inequality which involves both the convex and nonconvex potentials. We prove existence of solution by the Kakutani–Ky Fan fixed point theorem combined with the Minty formulation and the theory of hemivariational inequalities. We illustrate our findings by examining a nonlinear quasistatic elastic frictional contact problem for which we provide a result on existence of weak solution.     

随机积分和微分方程在弱拓扑下解的存在性和比较结果*

在本文中,我们对非线性随机Volterra积分方程在Banach空间的弱拓扑下的随机解证明了几个存在定理.然后作为应用,我们得到了随机微分方程的弱随机解的存在定理.还得到了这些随机方程的极值随机解的存在性和随机比较定理.我们的定理改进和推广了[4,5,10,11,12]中的相应结果.     

An extension of Greenberg’s theorem to general valuation rings

We extend Greenberg’s strong approximation theorem to schemes of finite presentation over valuation rings with arbitrary value group. As an application, we prove a closed image theorem (in the strong topology on rational points) for proper morphisms of varieties over valued fields.     

The formation of trapped surfaces in spherically-symmetric Einstein–Euler spacetimes with bounded variation

We study the evolution of a self-gravitating compressible fluid in spherical symmetry and we prove the existence of weak solutions with bounded variation for the Einstein–Euler equations of general relativity. We formulate the initial value problem in Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates and prescribe spherically symmetric data on a characteristic initial hypersurface. We introduce here a broad class of initial data which contain no trapped surfaces, and we then prove that their Cauchy development contains trapped surfaces. We therefore establish the formation of trapped surfaces in weak solutions to the Einstein equations. This result generalizes a theorem by Christodoulou for regular vacuum spacetimes (but without symmetry restriction). Our method of proof relies on a generalization of the “random choice” method for nonlinear hyperbolic systems and on a detailed analysis of the nonlinear coupling between the Einstein equations and the relativistic Euler equations in spherical symmetry.     

Global Solvability in Thermoelasticity with Second Sound on the Semi-axis

In this paper, we consider initial boundary value problem for the equations of one-dimensional nonlinear thermoelasticity with second sound in R^+. First, we derive decay rates for linear systems which, in fact, is a hyperbolic systems with a damping term. Then, using this linear decay rates, we get L^1 and L^∞ decay rates for nonlinear systems. Finally, combining with L^2 estimates and a local existence theorem, we prove a global existence and uniqueness theorem for small smooth data.     

Limit Theorem for Controlled Backward SDEs and Homogenization of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations

We prove a convergence theorem for a family of value functions associated with stochastic control problems whose cost functions are defined by backward stochastic differential equations. The limit function is characterized as a viscosity solution to a fully nonlinear partial differential equation of second order. The key assumption we use in our approach is shown to be a necessary and sufficient assumption for the homogenizability of the control problem. The results generalize partially homogenization problems for Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations treated recently by Alvarez and Bardi by viscosity solution methods. In contrast to their approach, we use mainly probabilistic arguments, and discuss a stochastic control interpretation for the limit equation.     

Boundary value problem for the N‐dimensional time periodic Vlasov–Poisson system

In this work, we study the existence of time periodic weak solution for the N‐dimensional Vlasov–Poisson system with boundary conditions. We start by constructing time periodic solutions with compact support in momentum and bounded electric field for a regularized system. Then, the a priori estimates follow by computations involving the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. One of the key point is to impose a geometric hypothesis on the domain: we suppose that its boundary is strictly star‐shaped with respect to some point of the domain. These results apply for both classical or relativistic case and for systems with several species of particles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiple Solutions for Nonlinear Coercive Problems with a Nonhomogeneous Differential Operator and a Nonsmooth Potential

We consider a nonlinear elliptic problem driven by a nonlinear nonhomogeneous differential operator and a nonsmooth potential. We prove two multiplicity theorems for problems with coercive energy functional. In both theorems we produce three nontrivial smooth solutions. In the second multiplicity theorem, we provide precise sign information for all three solutions (the first positive, the second negative and the third nodal). Out approach is variational, based on the nonsmooth critical point theory. We also prove an auxiliary result relating smooth and Sobolev local minimizer for a large class of locally Lipschitz functionals.     

The Translation Invariant Massive Nelson Model: I. The Bottom of the Spectrum

In this paper we analyze the bottom of the energy-momentum spectrum of the translation invariant Nelson model, describing one electron linearly coupled to a second quantized massive scalar field. Our results are valid for all values of the coupling constant and include an HVZ theorem, non-degeneracy of ground states, existence of isolated groundstates in dimensions 1 and 2, non-existence of ground states embedded in the bottom of the essential spectrum in dimensions 3 and 4, (i.e., at total momenta where no isolated groundstate eigenvalue exists), and we study regularity and monotonicity properties of the bottom of the essential spectrum, as a function of total momentum. Communicated by Joel Feldman submitted 04/11/04, accepted 17/02/05