钠分子B~1Π_u→X~1Σ_g~+LIF光谱及其强度研究

实验获得了Ar~+激光488nm线诱导Na_2分子产生B~1Π_u→X~1Σ~+_g跃迁荧光谱,其谱线的跃迁机制是分属于不同Q、P、R支系列的较高转动能级的B~1Π_u→X~1Σ~+_g电子态跃迁。研究了钠蒸气温度对Na_2分子激光诱导荧光光谱强度的变化关系,表明是由于荧光跃迁的上下能级不同弛豫过程的影响。分析了缓冲气体Ar对Na_a分子B~1Π_u态的碰撞猝灭作用,得出谱线强度与总气压的等轴双曲线关系,所得数据拟合曲线与实验很好地一致。     

InCl分子C1Π1态光谱研究

采用激光诱导荧光技术对InCl分子C1Π1→X1Σ+荧光光谱进行了分析和归属, 在发射谱中探测到ν′=1向下的跃迁, 证明C态预离解只能发生在ν′=1之上。 并对C1Π1→X1Σ+的荧光衰变曲线进行了观测, 得到InCl分子C1Π1(ν′=1)态的无碰撞辐射寿命τ0≈11 ns及电子跃迁矩|Re|2≈5.95D2。     

■H自由基LIF光谱研究

利用脉冲高压直流放电技术产生■H超声分子束,以纳秒染料激光二倍频输出(282 nm)作为激发光源,通过LIF光谱测量方法,获得了O.HA2Σ+-X2Π(1,0)带转动分辨激发荧光谱,并通过对谱线强度分布的分析和计算,得到X2Π态O.H的转动温度为(30±1)K;通过对A2Σ+-X2Π(1,1)带及(0,0)带跃迁的荧光衰减时间谱测量,拟合得出O.H激发态A2Σ+(v′=1)及X2Π(v″=0)的寿命分别为(637±6)和(675±13)ns。     

NO分子A~2Σ←X~2Π跃迁的激光双光子荧光激发谱

以Nd :YAG脉冲激光器泵浦的光学参量发生器 放大器 (OPG OPA)作激发光源 ,获得了 4 2 0～ 4 72nm波长范围内NO分子的双光子激光荧光激发谱 ,并利用此技术对NO分子的能级结构进行了实验研究 ,将所得谱线峰归属为NO(A2 Σ←X2 Π)的跃迁 ,荧光强度随激光强度的二次方变化关系表明此过程是一双光子激发过程。利用实验所得峰值波长计算了NO(A2 Σ)态的基振动频率ωe 和平衡位置的力常数k。通过对NO分子A2 Σ→X2 Π跃迁的荧光时间分辨光谱进行实验研究 ,得到 2 6 6Pa气压下A2 Σ(v′ =0 )态的能级寿命τ=5 3 76ns。测量荧光寿命随气压的变化 ,利用曲线拟合得到NOA2 Σ(v′=0 ,1) 两振动态的自发辐射寿命和无辐射跃迁驰豫速率常数     

工作于可见和紫外波段的脉冲激光光声装置

报道一种工作于可见和紫外波段的脉冲激光光声装置 .该装置以YAG泵浦的染料激光为光源 (脉宽为8ns ,工作频率为 10Hz) .用此装置记录了C2 H2 分子的泛频激发谱和A1Au←X1Σ+ g 电子跃迁谱 ,并测量了光声强度随气体压力及激光能量的变化关系 .将光声谱用于分子的电子跃迁 .由于脉冲激光光声装置和实验操作十分简便 ,因而除需超高分辨的场合外 ,它均可用来代替共振 (或非共振 )调制cw激光光声装置 .还讨论了脉冲方式和cw调制方式的不同特点     

N2O+离子A2∑+电子态的光谱研究

用一束波长为360.55 nm的激光,通过N2O分子的(3+1)共振增强多光子电离过程制备纯净的母体离子N2O+X2Ⅱ3/2,1/2(000).用另一束可调谐激光将N2O+离子激发至预解离态A2Σ+,利用飞行时间质谱检测解离碎片NO+离子强度随光解光波长的变化,在278-328 nm波长范围内获得了光解碎片的激发(PHOFEX)谱.观测到了N2O+离子A2Σ+←X2Ⅱ电子跃迁较丰富的振动谱带.通过对PHOFEX光谱的标识,获得了A2∑+态较准确和全面的分子光谱常数.     

碰撞诱导钠分子A1Σ+u→X1Σ+g的荧光光谱

用532.0 nm激光激发Na2分子到B1Πu电子态,记录了Na(3P)原子的跃迁和Na2分子的A1Σ+u-Χ1Σ+g的谱带.由Na与Na2激发态发射的光谱及其强度可以认定在Na-Na2系统中的碰撞过程,Na(3P)原子线是Na2(B1Πu)到Na(3P)的碰撞能量转移产生的,预解离过程也可产生原子线.而A1Σ+u-Χ1Σ+g谱带是由B1Πu到21Σ+g的碰撞转移后再由21Σ+g到A1Σ+u的辐射而引起的.在360℃,根据辐射衰变率和荧光强度,得到Na2(B1Πu)到Na2(21Σ+g)碰撞转移率系数为7.1×10-10 cm3s-1,而B1Πu的预解离率为2.3×106 s-1.     

CHClF_2在强红外激光作用下C_2~*d~3П_g态的形成机制

用TEACO_2激光辐照CHCIF_2分子生成电子激发态C_2自由基,观察到斯旺带系的六个谱带。本文根据C_2分子态位能曲线的特点,提出C_2~*d~3Π态的形成机制。C_2是少数较特殊的分子之一,其激发态b~3Σ_g~-与第一激发态a~3Π_u的位能曲线在核间距1.80A处相交。在CHCIF_2光产物的反应C+CF_2+M—→C_2~*+F_2+M中,首先形成的是C_2~*b~3Σ_g~-态而不是低位的X~1Σ_g~+态或a~3Π_u态。然后通过b~3Σ_g~-态与d~3Π_g态的交点经无辐射跃迁到达d~3Π_g态。     

NO2分子荧光辐射的时间分辨谱

以Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器抽运的光学参量发生器/放大器作激发光源,采用激光诱导荧光光谱技术对NO2分子激发电子态的荧光辐射寿命进行了实验研究。结果显示,NO2分子的荧光辐射寿命与激发波长、样品气压密切相关。不同波长的激光激发NO2分子,激发电子态荧光辐射的时间分辨谱均以双指数规律衰减,荧光辐射由长、短两种寿命成分组成,短寿命成分产生于NO2分子A2B2和B2B1←X2A1激发跃迁的荧光辐射,而长寿命成分产生于NO2分子由X2A1向A2B2与X2A1耦合能级激发跃迁的荧光辐射。通过分析两种寿命成分随样品气压变化的机理,确定了产生短寿命荧光的受激分子主要通过辐射荧光和快速的内转换过程退激发;而产生长寿命荧光的受激分子除辐射荧光外,则主要通过碰撞无辐射跃迁过程退激发。     

NO分子A2∑←X2Ⅱ跃迁的激光双光子荧光激发谱

以Nd:YAG脉冲激光器泵浦的光学参量发生器/放大器(OPG/OPA)作激发光源,获得了420～472nm波长范围内NO分子的双光子激光荧光激发谱,并利用此技术对NO分子的能级结构进行了实验研究,将所得谱线峰归属为NO(A2∑←X2Ⅱ)的跃迁,荧光强度随激光强度的二次方变化关系表明此过程是一双光子激发过程.利用实验所得峰值波长计算了NO(A2∑)态的基振动频率ωe和平衡位置的力常数k.通过对NO分子A2∑→X2Ⅱ跃迁的荧光时间分辨光谱进行实验研究,得到266 Pa气压下A2∑(v′=0)态的能级寿命τ=53.76ns.测量荧光寿命随气压的变化,利用曲线拟合得到NOA2∑(v′=0,1)两振动态的自发辐射寿命和无辐射跃迁驰豫速率常数.     

Evanescent-wave photoacoustic spectroscopy with optical micro/nano fibers

We demonstrate gas detection based on evanescent-wave photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy with tapered optical fibers. Evanescent-field instead of open-path absorption is exploited for PA generation, and a quartz tuning fork is used for PA detection. A tapered optical fiber with a diameter down to the wavelength scale demonstrates detection sensitivity similar to an open-path system but with the advantages of easier optical alignment, smaller insertion loss, and multiplexing capability.     

用于红外探测的极度非简并非线性光学

半导体中的双光子吸收(2PA)与能隙的三次方的倒数(Eg-3)成正比,这一关系限制了在宽带隙半导体中获得双光子吸收系数。但是已知在输入波长迥异的高度非简并情况下,双光子吸收率较简并状态会有大幅提升。在飞秒和皮秒脉冲下的泵浦探测传输实验中证实了几种直接能隙半导体具有这种性质。发现在许多直接能隙半导体中,非简并双光子吸收率较简并情况下可增强约100倍。在GaAs中,观察到双光子吸收系数达到1cm/MW,这么大的系数以前只在窄带半导体如InSb中观察到过。基于这种作用可以利用传统的半导体光电二极管获得敏感的选通探测。采用标准的GaN和GaAs光电二极管和高达14∶1的能量比的极度非简并光子证实了此技术。此外,还采用强紫外选通脉冲探测弱红外辐射,如采用GaN光电二极管,最小可探测红外脉冲能量可低至20pJ,而现有的标准制冷型MCT探测器的最小可探测能量为200pJ。我们现在还证实这种方法也可在连续波探测中应用。值得注意的是,这个过程没有用到类似χ(2)上转换的红外晶体或相位匹配。在本报告中将介绍怎样将这种探测技术用于其他半导体,以及如何优化器件的几何结构以满足实用化探测要求。     

基于光声信号的高铁钢轨表面缺陷检测方法

针对传统的基于超声信号的高铁钢轨无损检测方法对于表面微裂纹检测效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于光声信号的高铁钢轨表面缺陷检测方法.首先,使用有限元及K-wave方法建立了钢轨模型并获得了模拟光声信号;然后利用时间反演的方法对钢轨表面的光声图像进行了重建,并研究了不同传感器中心频率对成像结果的影响;最后设计实验采集了钢轨表面的光声信号并进行了处理和分析.实验结果表明,基于光声信号的高铁钢轨表面缺陷检测方法对于表面微裂纹有很好的检测效果,该方法在钢轨探伤领域有较大的可行性及发展潜力.     

Design and characteristics of a differential Helmholtz resonant photoacoustic cell for infrared gas detection

The Helmholtz resonant photoacoustic (PA) cell is a very convenient design of PA system for air pollution monitoring based on infrared molecular absorption. A simple differential Helmholtz resonator designed for flow measurements is presented in this work. The investigation of the PA systems characteristics based on this design includes experimental study of the responsitivity both of the separate photoacoustic cell and the whole photoacoustic system applied to trace gases detection. The experimental observations are compared to the theoretical predictions. A simple arrangement to enhance the photoacoustic signal of the whole system by a factor of 2 is presented.     

Influence of the size,geometry and temporal response of the finite piezoelectric sensor on the photoacoustic signal: the case of the point-like source

Most photoacoustic (PA) work assumes a point-like detection of generated pressure waves; this assumption results in important differences between predicted and experimental signals, as shown in this paper. We used the geometry of a real sensor in the theoretical signal generation through the discretization of the sensing surface, considering each element as a point-like sensor. We modeled the interaction between the wavefront and the real sensor, starting from a well-known PA pressure relation for a point-like source and punctual detection. We obtained the electrical response of the real sensor experimentally and modeled it as a summation of Gaussian functions. The impulse response was convolved with the total PA pressure to obtain the theoretical PA signal. We analyzed the dependence of the source-sensor distance on the discretization size. Then the predicted signal and experimental data were compared for two different frequency response transducers. We found differences in shape and temporal width of simulated PA signals for point-like-source/punctual-detection model and for point-like-source/finite-sensor model.     

Evaluation of laser ablation threshold in polymer samples using pulsed photoacoustic technique

The acoustic signals generated in solids due to interaction with pulsed laser beam is used to determine the ablation threshold of bulk polymer samples of teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) and nylon under the irradiation from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1.06μm wavelength. A suitably designed piezoelectric transducer is employed for the detection of photoacoustic (PA) signals generated in this process. It has been observed that an abrupt increase in the amplitude of the PA signal occurs at the ablation threshold. Also there exist distinct values for the threshold corresponding to different mechanisms operative in producing damages like surface morphology, bond breaking and melting processes at different laser energy densities.     

On the pressure dependent sensitivity of a photoacoustic water vapor detector using active laser modulation control

A detailed study on the pressure dependent sensitivity of a wavelength modulated diode laser based photoacoustic (PA) water vapor detection system is presented. It is shown that the pressure dependence of sensitivity is primarily determined by the pressure dependence of the microphone’s sensitivity and the quality factor of the excited acoustic resonance of the PA cell. Effort was made to improve the system’s sensitivity for the whole pressure range (from 200 mbar to 1000 mbar) of operation typical in atmospheric research, while maintaining the inherent fast response time of the PA system. For this purpose active control of modulation based on the continuous adjustment of the unmodulated and modulated parts of the laser current in accordance with the actual gas pressure was introduced, with which a minimum detectable water vapor concentration (3σ) of 300 ppb at 200 mbar and 188 ppb at 1000 mbar was achieved. The system’s sensitivity improves slightly at the lower end of the pressure range and increases by a factor of more than two at the higher end, when compared with that of our PA system currently on board of a commercial aircraft within the framework of an atmospheric research project (CARIBIC—Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). Test measurements proved the feasibility of the implementation of the developed modulation method within the framework of the CARIBIC project.     

Enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio of ultracold polar NaCs molecular spectra by phase locking detection

We report a method of high-sensitively detecting the weak signal in photoassociation(PA) spectra of ultracold NaCs molecules by phase sensitive-demodulated trap-loss spectra of Na atoms from a photomultiplier tube. We find that the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the PA spectra is strongly dependent on the integration time and the sensitivity of the lockin amplifier, and our results show reasonable agreement with the theoretical analyses of the SNR with the demodulation parameters. Meanwhile, we investigate the effect of the interaction time of the PA laser with the colliding Na–Cs atom pairs on the SNR of the PA spectra. The atom loss rate is dependent on both the PA-induced atom loss and the loading of the MOT. The high-sensitive detection of the excited ultracold NaCs molecules lays a solid foundation for further study of the formation and application of ultracold NaCs molecules.     

基于多模态信号的金属材料缺陷无损检测方法

金属材料缺陷检测对于经济发展具有重要意义.针对现有无损检测技术信号模态单一、检测范围有限等不足,提出了一种基于多模态信号的金属材料缺陷无损检测方法.该方法以光声无损检测方法为主体,首先利用有限元方法分析了缺陷对激光能量吸收量和光声表面波传播的影响,提出了基于激光吸收量和光声表面波的缺陷检测方法;然后搭建了多模态信号检测平台,采集了缺陷的光学、光声和超声三种模态的信号,检测出了裂纹的宽度和分布信息,以及深度和在内部的延伸状况.研究结果表明,本文提出的基于金属材料多模态信号的无损检测方法能够准确、全面地检测出金属材料的杂质和裂纹的尺寸信息,弥补了现有无损检测方法在检测范围上的不足,为缺陷定量检测和全面诊断提供了一个新的思路.     

Molecular relaxation effects in hydrogen chloride photoacoustic detection

A photoacoustic (PA) sensor has been developed to monitor hydrogen chloride at sub-ppm level in the 1740-nm region. The system was designed to control the process in the novel low-water-peak optical fiber manufacturing process. Relaxation effects in hydrogen chloride PA detection in oxygen–helium and nitrogen–helium gas mixtures are presented, showing that the generation of the PA signal is strongly affected by the ratio of these substances. In addition, the role of water vapor in the PA signal is investigated.