Étude du comportement d'un fluide non-newtonien dans une conduite avec contraction brusque

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of viscoelastic fluids flows in a contraction which are often studied numerically. A device has been conceived for an experimental study of the flow by Laser Doppler velocimetry. An isothermal flow through a rectangular duct including an 4:1 abrupt contraction has been considered. We have characterized the isothermal flow for different values of Reynolds number and correlations of the axial velocity are presented. To cite this article: M. Mahfoud et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

L'influence du temps dans les solutions statiques

Sans résuméAvec 4 figures     

Rôle du soufflage dans le contrôle de l'éclatement tourbillonnaire sur une aile delta

According to flow visualizations performed in water tunnel and referring to a simple phenomenological model describing the nature of exchanges occurring within a two-dimensional mixing layer, a model was built up to specify the nature of flows ensuring the recirculating zone equilibrium over the upper surface of a delta wing at high angle of attack. Perturbing the flows equilibrium leads to delay the vortex breakdown. To cite this article: O. Rodriguez, J. Pruvost, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Etude du régime de mise en mouvement dans un viscosimètre de Couette à cylindres coaxiaux

Résumé L'utilisation du viscosimètre de Couette à cylindres coaxiaux pour l'évaluation des propriétés rhéologiques et l'établissement de la loi d'écoulement des fluides nécessite généralement la connaissance du taux des cisaillement en chaque point de l'entrefer et à tout instant. Cette quantité en général inconnue peut être approchée par des expressions mathématiques satisfaisantes pour l'écoulement à couple appliqué mais d'autant plus grossières qu'on s'éloigne du régime stationnaire pour l'écoulement à vitesse imposée. La plupart des approximations généralement utilisées sont obtenues sous l'hypothèse d'un fluide dont n'influence pas l'écoulement et pour un entrefer petit. Notre travail étudie la limite de validité de certaines approximations du taux de cisaillement pour l'écoulement transitoire à vitesse imposée. Dans le contexte de la mise an évidence des propriétés viscoélastiques de certains fluides nous avons choisi d'étudier l'écoulement de montée en vitesse plus utilisé que l'écoulement de relaxation sur l'exemple d'un fluide de type Maxwell. Nous montrons que le domaine de validité de ces approximations dépend, de la viscosité et la densité du fluide, de l'entrefer du dispositif et d'un temps caractéristique représentant la durée de la sollicitation imposée au fluide. L'influence de ces différents paramètres s'exprime par l'intermédiaire d'un nombre adimensionnel (Re) ayant la forme d'un nombre de Reynolds.

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The use of the Couette viscometer with coaxial cylinders for the evaluation of rheological properties and the establishment of behaviour laws of fluids, generally requires the knowledge of the shear rate at each instant and at any point in the gap. This quantity, which is generally unknown, can be approximated by simple mathematical expressions which are satisfactory for the applied torque flow but become less accurate as one moves away from the stationary state for the imposed speed flow. Most of the commonly used approximations are obtained under the assumption that the inertia of the fluid does not affect the flow and that the gap is small. In this work, we study the limit of the validity of certain approximations for the shear rate in an imposed speed transient flow on the example of a fluid of the Maxwell type. It is shown that the range of validity of these approximations depends on the viscosity and the density of the fluid, on the gap of the viscometer, and finally on a characteristic time representing the period under which an external perturbation is imposed to the fluid. The influence of these different parameters is expressed through a dimensionless number (Re) having the form of a Reynolds number.

     

Interaction d'un gaz polyatomique avec une paroi : expression du noyau

We suggest a new expression of the scattering kernel for a polyatomic gas lying in the Knudsen layer when impinging on the wall. We consider a vibrational strong non-equilibrium case for the gas. The global scatterring kernel is a linear combination of partial operators describing the reflection of the various mode of energy. The scattering kernel allows to write a consistent boundary condition for the kinetic equation of polyatomic molecules.     

Un modèle discret du couplage entre les fils dans une structure tisséeA discrete model for the coupling between the yarns in a woven fabric

The coupling between yarns in a piece of fabric has been analysed at the mesoscopic scale, in terms of its impact on the macroscopic unidirectional behaviour. Starting from a discrete model of a woven structure associated to a variational formulation of the equilibrium of the structure, the coupling between both yarns is introduced, the potential energy of which is calculated. The initial shape of the yarn, represented by a planar undulated beam supposed to be periodic, is described by a Fourier series. The coefficients of the series are expressed vs. the contact force exerted at the top of the undulations, and vs. the mechanical properties of the solicited yarn. The contact force is then expressed vs. the mechanical properties of the transverse yarn and vs. the vertical displacement of the contact point. The potential energy of the coupling is then built, assuming the continuity of the displacement at the contact points. The equilibrium shape of the yarn submitted to unidirectional traction is obtained numerically as the minimum of the total potential energy. The simulated traction curve reproduces in a satisfactorily manner the observed behaviour. The respective contributions of the flexional and extensional effects of the yarn are analysed. The consideration of the coupling enhances the rigidity of the response of the yarn; one demonstrates the effect of the geometrical and mechanical parameters of the transverse yarn. To cite this article: B. Ben Boubaker et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Convection laminaire forcée dans le sillage d'une plaque chaude placée dans un canal

In this Note, a numerical investigation of laminar convection wake above a heated plate placed in a channel is carried out. An analytical study based on a three region structure is proposed in the immediate neighbourhood of the trailing edge. Velocity and temperature at the centerline channel as well as the pressure gradient are presented in asymptotic expressions. Comparison of these results with numerical solutions enhances the analytical study. To cite this article: Z. Doulfoukar, A. Achiq, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Interaction soliton–sable dans un canal en eau peu profonde

Interaction between solitons and a sandy bed in shallow water is investigated. In our experiments, solitons are generated on the background of a harmonic wave, in a wave flume used in resonant mode. It is found that the sand ripples formed by the solitons propagation induce a significant decrease of solitons amplitude and of the phase shift between the soliton and the harmonic wave. However, the amplitude of the harmonic wave is approximately constant. The possible physical processes of such behaviour for the soliton amplitude and for the harmonic wave amplitude are discussed. To cite this article: F. Marin et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Étude de la thermogravitation dans une couche fluide horizontaleStudy of thermogravitation in a horizontal fluid layer

We propose an analytical and numerical study of the combined action of the thermodiffusion and the convection in a binary mixture. The combination of these two phenomena is called thermogravitational diffusion. We are interested in quantifying the separation in a horizontal parallelepipedic cavity filled with a binary mixture and subjected to a constant horizontal temperature gradient on the two horizontal walls, the other walls being thermally insulated and impermeable. This new procedure is different from the classical one where the cavity is vertical and differentially heated on the two vertical walls. To cite this article: B. Elhajjar et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Identification of radon transfer velocity coefficient between liquid and gaseous phasesIdentification de la vitesse de transfert de radon entre une phase liquide et une phase gazeuse

Radon transfer between a liquid phase and a gaseous phase is modelled by a Robin's condition (radon flux at the common interface is expressed as function of radon concentrations in the two phases). This condition involves two constants: Ostwald's coefficient (α) and the transfer velocity coefficient (β). Assuming the value of α is known, a method is proposed to determinate the value of β, by studying the radon transfer phenomenon at the laboratory scale. Knowing the initial radon concentrations, the experiment consists in measuring how long the radon flux passes through the common interface. In this stabilisation time radon transport is governed in each phase by diffusion and disintegration. Then, determination of β is equivalent to solving an inverse problem formulated using measured data. A numerical procedure is developed to solve this problem. To cite this article: D.-G. Calugaru, J.-M. Crolet, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 377–382.     

Generalisation de la theorie du potentiel plastique multiple en viscoplasticite†

J. Mandel has extended the classical theory of the plastic potential to materials in which the plastic strain results from several simultaneous slips that are governed by the shear stress for each slip-mechanism (multiple plastic potential). J.R. Rice has shown that if the slip rate on a particular mechanism is also governed by the same law, then the viscoplastic strain-rate tensor can be derived from a viscoplastic potential. These two workers gave only some phenomenological relations.