Molecular structure,NMR and vibrational spectral analysis of 2,4‐difluorophenol by ab initio HF and density functional theory

Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometries and vibrational wavenumbers of 2,4‐difluorophenol (2,4‐DFP) were carried out by using ab initio HF and density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) methods with 6‐311G(d,p) as basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by HF and DFT calculations are in good agreement with related molecules. The best level of theory in order to reproduce the experimental wavenumbers is the B3LYP method with the 6‐311G(d,p) basis set. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals is very small. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 2,4‐DFP is also reported. The entropy of the title compound was also performed at HF/6‐311G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) levels of theory. The isotropic chemical shift computed by ¹H, ¹³C NMR analyses also shows good agreement with experimental observations. The theoretical spectrograms for FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra of the title molecule have been constructed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental vibrational spectra (Raman,infrared) and DFT calculations on monomeric and dimeric structures of 2‐ and 6‐bromonicotinic acid

In this work, the Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of 2‐bromonicotinic acid and 6‐bromonicotinic acid (abbreviated as 2‐BrNA and 6‐BrNA, C₆H₄BrNO₂) have been recorded in the region 4000–400 and 3500–50 cm⁻¹. The optimum molecular geometry, normal mode wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities, corresponding vibrational assignments and intermolecular hydrogen bonds were investigated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) method using 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. Reliable vibrational assignments were made on the basis of total energy distribution (TED) calculated with scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) method. From the calculations, the molecules are predicted to exist predominantly as the C1 conformer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of singlet excited electronic states of toluidine isomers

The photoelectron and UV absorption spectra of para-, meta-, and ortho-toluidine in the gas phase are obtained. The photoelectron spectra in the energy region up to 15.5 eV are interpreted based on the B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) calculations. Based on the TDDFT B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) calculations and taking into account the obtained interpretation of photoelectron spectra, the UV absorption bands are assigned to particular singlet transitions. For each transition, the electron configuration that makes the dominant contribution to the transition is determined. It is shown that the transition energy for toluidine isomers depends on the energy gap between the corresponding occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals. It is noted that this dependence is similar for different benzene derivatives.     

Raman Spectra of Glycine and Their Modeling in Terms of the Discrete–Continuum Model of Their Water Solvation Shell

Optics and Spectroscopy - Raman spectra of glycine in a crystalline form and in a water environment have been obtained. B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) quantum-chemical calculations have shown that an...     

Experimental and theoretical studies on corals. I. Toward understanding the origin of color in precious red corals from Raman and IR spectroscopies and DFT calculations

An attempt to explain the origin of the vivid red color in precious pink and red corals was undertaken. Raman and IR spectroscopies were applied to characterize white, pink and red corals. The position of the Raman signal near 1500 cm⁻¹ of some corals and pearls was associated by several authors with the presence of the mixture of all‐trans‐polyenic pigments, containing 6–16 conjugated CC bonds or β‐carotenoids. This hypothesis was examined theoretically by performing extensive B3LYP‐DFT calculations of vibrational spectra of the model polyenic compounds. The B3LYP/6‐311++G** predicted positions of the dominating Raman mode depend on the number of CC units (Cn parameter) and can be accurately predicted for larger systems from a simple nonlinear fit. The DFT‐predicted Raman activities of these modes are extremely sensitive to Cn, and sharply increase with the number of double bonds. This implies a presence of only—two to three polyenes differing slightly in the number of CC units as the source of color in pink and red corals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of singlet excited electronic states of hydroxybenzoic acid isomers

The photoelectron spectra of benzoic and para-, meta-, and ortho-hydroxybenzoic acids and their UV absorption spectra in ethanol are obtained. The photoelectron spectra in the energy region up to 15.5 eV are interpreted based on the B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) calculations. Based on the TDDFT B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) calculations and taking into account the obtained interpretation of photoelectron spectra, the UV absorption bands are assigned to particular singlet transitions. For each transition, the electron configuration that makes the main contribution to the transition is determined. It is shown that the transition energy depends on the energy gap between the corresponding occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals.     

Specific effects of a polar solvent in optical absorption spectra of 1,2-naphthoquinone

The optical absorption spectra of 1,2-naphthoquinone in polar (methanol) and nonpolar (n-hexane) solvents are recorded. It is found that the specific effect of a polar solvent, which manifests itself in a hypsochromic shift of the first nπ* band and in a bathochromic shift of the second and third ππ* bands, is caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between solvent molecules and the molecule under study and, as a result, by a change in the energy gap between the corresponding occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals. This result is obtained by TDDFT B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) calculations of electronic spectra, which, in the case of an isolated 1,2-naphthoquinone molecule, reproduce its experimental optical absorption spectra in n-hexane and, in the case of the same molecule forming a complex with methanol molecules by means of hydrogen bonds, reproduce the spectrum of 1,2-naphthoquinone in methanol.     

Density functional study of the molecular structures,infrared and Raman spectra of carbon suboxide,its sulfur and selenium analogues

Carbon suboxide, and its sulfur and selenium analogues in D _∞h symmetry have been studied in the gas phase by a density functional method using B3LYP as the functional. The basis sets employed are 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), cc-pVDZ and all calculations have been carried out using Gaussian 03W. Molecular parameters, namely bond lengths, rotational constants, quadrupole moments, and infrared and Raman frequencies are predicted for these molecules. Atomization energies have also been predicted. The calculated molecular parameters and vibrational spectra of the parent molecule, namely carbon suboxide, are in good agreement with literature data. Therefore, data from the present theoretical gas phase study are expected to be valid for the molecular structures and vibrational spectra of carbon subsulfide and carbon subselenide. The results from this study could be used as a reference for these molecules.     

DFT simulations and Vibrational spectra of 4‐chloro and 4‐bromophenylboronic acid molecules

The experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra of 4‐chloro‐ and 4‐bromophenylboronic acids (abbreviated as 4Clpba and 4Brpba) were studied. The Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of 4Clpba and 4Brpba molecules were recorded in the solid phase. The structural and spectroscopic analyses of the molecules were made by using Hartree–Fock and density functional harmonic calculations. In both 4Clpba and 4Brpba only one form was most stable using B3LYP level with the 6–311 + + G(d,p) basis set. Selected experimental bands were assigned and characterized on the basis of the scaled theoretical wavenumbers by their total energy distribution (TED). Finally, geometric parameters as well as infrared (IR) and Raman bands were compared with the experimental data of the molecules. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

拉曼光谱法研究1,3-二甲基脲溶液中的相互作用

尿素类化合物在生命科学领域中有非常重要的作用,其独特的化学结构可与水等其他氢键给体材料形成氢键。氢键是生命分子体系中较常见和重要的分子间弱的相互作用,振动光谱方法为分子间氢键相互作用的研究提供有力的测量手段,其中拉曼光谱为研究水溶液中氢键形成和变化规律提供了可能。测得了1,3-二甲基脲(DMU)晶体的拉曼光谱,利用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上对气态单体DMU进行结构的优化,并结合文献对拉曼光谱的谱线进行了归属认证。然后测得了1,3-DMU与水二元体系的拉曼光谱。相比与DMU晶体,当DMU分子溶于水后,水-DMU氢键相互作用将取代DMU-DMU分子间相互作用,导致氮原子杂化方式由sp2向sp3杂化转变。由此溶解过程中DMU分子的骨架从平面结构变成了非平面结构。     

FT-IR,FT-Raman spectra and quantum mechanical study of piperidine-3-carboxylic acid and its tautomers,isomers

The mid-IR, far-IR, and Raman spectra of piperidine-3-carboxylic acid were measured and interpreted with support of the MP2 and B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) calculated harmonic vibrational spectra. 10 stable piperidine-3-carboxylic acid tautomers/isomers were found after B3LYP, calculations. The experimental absorption bands of carboxylate (COO^?) group show that the free piperidine-3-carboxylic acid molecule exists in zwitterionic form and the most stable tautomer (NAT-1) can be stabilized by an intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond. All vibrational frequencies of NAT-1 assigned in detail with the help of total energy distribution (TED). The experimental vibrational wave numbers were compared with the calculated data.     

FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR spectra and DFT simulations of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazole

The FT-IR, FT-Raman and FT-NMR spectra of the compound 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazole (4-FPI) were recorded and analyzed. Density functional method (B3LYP level with the 6–311G(d, p) and 6–311++G(d, p) and cc-pVQZ as basis sets) has been used to compute optimized geometry, vibrational wavenumbers of the 4-FPI. Only one tautomeric form was found most stable by using DFT/B3LYP. The detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra was carried out with the aid of total energy distribution following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology. Potential Energy Surface scan studies has also been carried out by ab initio calculations with the same basis sets.     

Conformational stability and vibrational study of phenylacetyl chloride

The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform Raman spectra of phenylacetyl chloride were recorded and analyzed in the range 3500–400 and 3500–200 cm^?1 at room temperature, respectively. In order to obtain the structural information and conformational stabilities, a potential energy surface scan for internal rotation was carried out at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. The potential energy surface reveals that the title compound has two minimal conformers (A and B). The optimized geometries, structural parameters, stabilities, energies, thermodynamic parameters, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities, and Raman activities for the two conformers (A and B) have been obtained by employing B3LYP and MP2 calculations with 6‐311++G (d, p) basis sets. The conformational energy difference between A and B is very small, indicating that the B conformer coexists with the A conformer. The detailed vibrational assignments of vibrational spectra of each conformer have been made on the basis of the potential energy distributions analysis. The highest occupied molecular orbital –lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap and molecular electrostatic potential of the two conformers have been also calculated for comparison of their chemical activities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DFT studies on the vibrational and electronic spectra of acetylsalicylic acid

The following is a theoretical and experimental study on the vibrational and electronic properties of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Vibrational information was obtained by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy which agree well with harmonic vibrational frequency calculations. The calculations were carried out using density functional theory B3LYP methods with 6-311G** and LANL2DZ basis sets. The vibrational assignments were calculated by Gaussview. Absorption UV-Vis experiments of ASA reveal three maximum peaks at 203, 224 and 277 nm, which are in agreement with calculated electronic transitions using TD-B3LYP/6-311G**.     

Analysis of vibrational spectra of 2‐fluoro‐6‐nitrotoluene based on density functional theory calculations

The conformational behavior and structural stability of 2‐fluoro‐6‐nitrotoluene (FNT) were investigated by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP/6‐311 + G** method and basis set combinations. The vibrational wavenumbers of FNT were computed at DFT levels and complete vibrational assignments were made on the basis of normal coordinate calculations. Normal coordinate analysis (NCA) has been carried out to support the vibrational analysis. The results were compared with the experimental values. The observed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform (FT) Raman vibrational wavenumbers were analyzed and compared with the theoretically predicted vibrational spectra. The results of vibrational spectra of FNT were also compared with the vibrational spectra of some toluene derivatives. The assignments of bands to various normal modes of the molecules were also carried out. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reaction of C2HCl2+O2: Combined TR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure

用时间分辨傅立叶变换红外发射光谱(TR-FTIR)和G3MP2//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平的电子结构计算研究了环境化学中重要的二氯代乙烯自由基C₂HCl₂和O₂分子的基元反应通道和机理. 通过0.5 cm^-1高分辨的TR-FTIR发射光谱观察到三种振动激发态产物CO₂、CO和HCl,由光谱拟合得到CO和HCl的振动态分布,结合电子结构计算的反应势能曲线,提出反应机理和能量上最可能的反     

Mechanisms of specific effects of polar solvent in optical absorption spectra

We measured the optical absorption spectra of para-benzoquinone and duroquinone in polar (methanol) and nonpolar (n-hexane) solvents. We find that the specific effect of the polar solvent, which manifests itself here as a bathochromic shift of one of π-π* bands, is caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between solvent molecules and the molecule under study and, as a consequence, by a decrease in the energy gap between the corresponding occupied (π) and unoccupied (π*) molecular orbitals. This result is obtained by TDDFT B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p)-calculations of electronic spectra, which, in the case of isolated para-benzoquinone and duroquinone molecules, reproduce experimental optical absorption spectra of the corresponding compounds in n-hexane and, in the case where these molecules form complexes with methanol molecules by means of hydrogen bonds, reproduce spectra measured in methanol.     

Substituent effect on structure and surface activity of N‐methylpyridinium salts studied by FT‐IR,FT‐RS,SERS and DFT calculations

The substituent effect on structure and surface activity of mono‐ and disubstituted N‐methylpyridinium salts was investigated by means of Raman, infrared and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The significant differences observed in Raman and infrared spectra have been correlated with marker bands assigned to in‐plane and out‐of‐plane vibrations, respectively. This vibrational analysis, complemented by quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)) was a basis for investigation of the surface activity of the studied compounds. Significant differences in their SERS spectra related to the enhancement mechanism and adsorbate orientation have been observed and analyzed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氨基甲酸甲酯分子结构与光谱

运用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,6-311G*和6-311 G*基函数对4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氨基甲酸甲酯分子结构与光谱性质进行理论研究,得到分子的平衡结构参数和最大吸收波长.4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氨基甲酸甲酯分子具有Cs对称性和较大的前线轨道能隙值.基函数对计算结果无影响.     

DFT simulations and vibrational analysis of FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dihydroxypyrimidine

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dihydroxy pyrimidine (ADHP) by means of quantum chemical calculations. The mid‐ and far FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra were measured in the condensed state. The fundamental vibrational wavenumbers and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP/6‐311 + G** methods and basis set combinations, and were scaled using various scale factors, which yielded good agreement between the observed and calculated wavenumbers. The vibrational spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on the scaled density functional force field. The results of the calculations were applied to simulate the infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound, which showed excellent agreement with the observed spectra. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.