Chemistry,Biology, and Medicine of the Glycopeptide Antibiotics

The war against infectious bacteria is not over! Although vancomycin and glycopeptide antibiotics have provided a strong last line of defence against many drug-resistant bacteria, their overuse has given rise to more dangerous strains of bacteria. An understanding of the chemistry and biology of these highly complex glycopeptides are destined to play a crucial role in the discovery of new antibiotics.     

Book Review: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Medicine

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Medicine, (2005, 43(11): 970). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clinical Chemistry: Challenges for Analytical Chemistry and the Nanosciences from Medicine

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine can look back over more than 150 years of eventful history. The subject encompasses all the medicinal disciplines as well as the remaining natural sciences. Clinical chemistry demonstrates how new insights from basic research in biochemical, biological, analytical chemical, engineering, and information technology can be transferred into the daily routine of medicine to improve diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prevention. This Review begins with a presentation of the development of clinical chemistry. Individual steps between the drawing of blood and interpretation of laboratory data are then illustrated; here not only are pitfalls described, but so are quality control systems. The introduction of new methods and trends into medicinal analysis is explored, along with opportunities and problems associated with personalized medicine.     

拮抗作用及传统医学的食物相克

微量元素的生理活性取决于其化合物的溶解性,配位状态、浓度、溶液酸度以及其它元素浓度,拮抗作用的本质是元素的结构－性质－活性关系。其机理主要包括直接反应、形成ＭＴ的抑制反应,相似元素竞争配位部位以及社会、心理、遗传和个体易感性等,传统医学煌食物相克的实质还是物质的拮抗作用。     

From Chemistry to Translational Medicine: The Application of Proteomics to Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Diagnosis

The study of complex protein mixtures and their interactions in cells and tissues has been difficult due to the tedious process involved in their characterization and analysis. The recent emergence of fast‐evolving and state‐of‐the‐art proteomics methodologies has provided a rapid and scalable platform for understanding the comprehensive proteome profiles from complex whole tissues or cells of various biological sources. Therefore, proteomics has been increasingly valuable to examine real‐time changes in protein expression of various tissues or body fluids from patients with various diseases, especially cancer, resulting in the identification of clinically useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and disease staging. In this review, we focus on potential biomarkers for (1) Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric cancer, (2) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and (3) renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition to the conventional gel‐based proteomics (1‐D or 2‐D gels), we have utilized a more advanced proteomic approach by incorporating stable isotope dimethyl labelling and shotgun proteomics strategy in combination with nanoliquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/MS) to better characterize the biomarkers in several cancer tissues. By establishing a high‐throughput proteomics platform based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), we have successfully detected and analyzed potential protein markers at low concentrations in various normal and tumor tissues. This platform not only highlights the utility of proteomics for biomarker discovery but also can be uniquely applied to disease‐oriented translational medicine for diagnosis of diverse types of cancers and other diseases.     

The Dry Martini: Chemistry, History, and Assorted Lore

In the opinion of countless authors, thinkers, statesmen, and connoisseurs, the martini is America’s favorite apéritif. Famous martini quotes; celebrity martini drinkers; movies, books, and songs; the martini and alcohol in chemical education; the 1999 Canadian bioanalytical study of the antioxidant activities of martinis in the British Medical Journal; the standardization of the martini; brief histories of gin, vermouth, and the martini; martini-drinking presidents; the dryness of the martini; and the place of the drink in American society are presented.     

综合性无机化学实验:保健药品中钙、铁、锌含量的测定*

在大学无机化学实验教学中,应用元素含量测定技术,对营养保健药品中钙、铁、锌的含量进行定量测定,详细介绍了实验条件、测定方法和计算过程,并重点讨论了应用常规仪器对待测样品进行分离、纯化的方法和对干扰元素有效的掩蔽方法。通过对比实验结果与产品说明书中相关元素的含量数据,表明该实验方法具有较好的准确性和可操作性。     

基于"营养化学"通识课程综合互动性考评体系的建立与实施

以学生为中心,以学生能力培养为导向,设计"课堂辩论""社会调查""养生文化推广"三种考试形式,以实践形式从不同侧面考核学生综合运用所学知识的能力。学生自选考试形式,参与评分过程。对学生考试成绩的分析结果显示,各种考试形式及其评分标准合理、有效,能对学生综合素质给予全面系统的评估。     

“三维立体”教学设计在中药化学中的应用

立足三维立体教学目标,结合中药化学的学科特点,从课程特点、学情分析、三维教学目标、重点与难点、教学策略、教学手段、教学过程、教学评价与反思等8个方面阐述三维立体式教学设计在中药化学中的应用。     

临床医学专业有机化学"课程思政"教学初探

深化高校"课程思政"改革,是落实立德树人理念,全方位对学生开展思想政治教育的有效途径。本文针对临床医学专业的特点,从教师素养的提高、课程思政内容的设计和学生的课外实践等方面对有机化学教学中实施"课程思政"进行了探索和实践。     

The Chemistry,Biology, and Modulation of Ammonium Nitrification in Soil

Approximately two percent of the world's energy is consumed in the production of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen gas. Ammonia is used as a fertilizer ingredient for agriculture and distributed in the environment on an enormous scale to promote crop growth in intensive farming. Only 30–50 % of the nitrogen applied is assimilated by crop plants; the remaining 50–70 % goes into biological processes such as nitrification by microbial metabolism in the soil. This leads to an imbalance in the global nitrogen cycle and higher nitrous oxide emissions (a potent and significant greenhouse gas) as well as contamination of ground and surface waters by nitrate from the nitrogen‐fertilized farmland. This Review gives a critical overview of the current knowledge of soil microbes involved in the chemistry of ammonia nitrification, the structures and mechanisms of the enzymes involved, and phytochemicals capable of inhibiting ammonia nitrification.     

Layered Double Hydroxides as the Unique Product of Target Ionic Construction for Energy,Chemical, Foods,Cosmetics, Medicine and Ecology Applications

Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) is an α-modification of the M-host (M²⁺) hydroxide, in which some part of the M-host cations is replaced by M-guest cations (M³⁺ or M⁴⁺). The emerging excess positive charge is compensated by the intercalation of anions into the interlayer space, which also contains water molecules. LDHs exhibit anion exchange properties. Targeted ionic design of LDHs via combining three components (M-host, M-guest cations, intercalated anions) allows the creation of a very wide range of highly efficient electrochemical, electrocatalytic, electrochromic substances, catalysts, ion exchangers, sorbents, color pigments, pharmacological drugs, food, and cosmetic additives. In this review, the structure and areas of application of LDHs are considered from the perspective of the targeted ionic design of a substance for a specific application.