光学系统透镜热形变特性仿真研究

光学系统透镜组件在环境温度变化时发生的形变,特别是透镜的厚度、面形以及透镜间空间位置的变化,对系统成像质量有着不可忽视的影响。分析计算了某型导引头光学系统透镜组件在温度载荷下的形变特性。计算结果表明,当环境温度从20℃降低到-40℃时,透镜表面位移呈现出显著的梯度变化,7个透镜中表面的最大位移达0.05mm,透镜厚度的变化率超过0.05%,透镜间距离的最大变化率为3.46%。利用数据重构技术,计算结果可以作为透镜镜面形变分析的参考数据。     

基于石墨烯涂覆空心光纤电光调制特性的研究

设计了一种新型的石墨烯-空心光纤可调谐结构, 将石墨烯涂覆在空心光纤的空气孔内表面上, 利用有限元法研究了该结构的电光调制特性. 通过改变石墨烯的化学势可以调控光纤的相位和开关特性, 还可以调谐光纤损耗峰与次峰的位置、强度和宽度. 然而, 空气孔半径和石墨烯层数不会改变开关点和损耗峰与次峰的位置, 只会改变损耗差和损耗峰的强度和宽度, 而且由N 层石墨烯引起的损耗差是单层的N倍. 这是因为石墨烯的介电常数决定了光纤的有效折射率和损耗, 通过改变石墨烯的化学势可以改变石墨烯的介电常数, 而石墨烯的层数和空气孔半径却不会改变石墨烯的介电常数, 但是改变了石墨烯和光的作用强度. 经过参数优化之后, 我们提出一种基于五层石墨烯涂覆空心光纤的电吸收型调制器, 工作在1180–1760 nm波段, 具有小尺寸(5 mm×125 μm)、宽光带宽(580 nm)、高消光比(16 dB)、高调制带宽(64 MHz) 和低插入损耗(1.23 dB) 特性. 研究结果对基于石墨烯的可调谐光纤光子器件的设计和应用提供了理论参考.     

Effect of size and indium-composition on linear and nonlinear optical absorption of InGaN/GaN lens-shaped quantum dot

Based on the Schr ¨odinger equation for envelope function in the effective mass approximation, linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in a multi-subband lens quantum dot are investigated. The effects of quantum dot size on the interband and intraband transitions energy are also analyzed. The finite element method is used to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Strain and In-mole-fraction effects are also studied, and the results reveal that with the decrease of the In-mole fraction, the amplitudes of linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients increase. The present computed results show that the absorption coefficients of transitions between the first excited states are stronger than those of the ground states. In addition, it has been found that the quantum dot size affects the amplitudes and peak positions of linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients while the incident optical intensity strongly affects the nonlinear absorption coefficients.     

Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the phase transition in the complex antifluorites and hexammines: Rigid-sphere model interpretation

Abstract

The pressure coefficient of the phase transition temperature T_c, dT_c/dp = -(11⁺-1) K/GPa, has been determined for Ni (NH₃)₆Cl₂ using a new high pressure and low temperature probe. The relations between T_c and dT_c/dp were determined for antifluorite K₂MCl₆ compounds and hexammines applying the rigid-sphere model.     

The effects of pressure and hydrogenic donor impurity on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a GaAs/GaAlAs nanowire superlattice

The combined effects of hydrostatic pressure, presence and absence of hydrogenic donor impurity are investigated on the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes of a GaAs/Ga_1−xAl_xAs nanowire superlattice. The wave functions and corresponding eigenvalues are calculated using finite difference method in the framework of effective mass approximation. Analytical expressions for the linear and third order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are obtained by means of compact-density matrix formalism. The linear and third order nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index changes are presented as a function of photon energy for different values of hydrostatic pressure, incident photon intensity and relaxation time in the presence and absence of hydrogenic donor impurity. It is found that the linear and third order nonlinear absorption coefficients, refractive index changes and resonance energy are quite sensitive to the presence of impurity and applied hydrostatic pressure. Moreover, the saturation in optical spectrum and relaxation time can be adjusted by increasing pressure in presence of impurity whereas the effect of hydrostatic pressure is negligible in the case of absence of hydrogenic impurity.     

相变及空位缺陷对高压下BeO光学性质的影响

为了探究BeO晶体能否成为冲击波实验中的候选窗口材料,本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,计算了150 GPa的压力范围内BeO理想晶体和含氧空位点缺陷晶体的光学性质.吸收谱数据显示,BeO高压结构相变对其吸收谱的吸收边几乎没有影响.并且,在150 GPa压力范围内,BeO理想晶体在可见光区没有光吸收行为.氧空位点缺陷的存在将使得其吸收边出现明显的红移现象,但在可见光区仍然没有光吸收(是透明的).波长在532 nm处的折射率数据表明:在BeO的WZ和RS结构相区,其折射率会随着压力增加而缓慢降低,而高压结构相变和氧空位缺陷将使得其折射率显著增大.计算数据分析表明BeO有成为冲击窗口材料的可能,并且本文所获信息将对未来进一步的实验有重要参考价值.     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and high dynamic pressure on stability and rheological properties of model oil-in-water emulsions

Both static and dynamic high pressure applications provide interesting modifications in food structures which lead to new product formulations. In this study, the effects of two different treatments, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high dynamic pressure (HDP), on oil-in-water emulsions were identified and compared. Microfluidization was selected from among the HDP homogenization techniques. The performance of each process was analyzed in terms of rheological modifications and emulsion stability improvements compared with the coarse emulsions. The stability of the emulsions was determined comparatively by using an analytical photo-centrifuge device employing novel analysis technology. Whey protein isolate (WPI) in combination with a food polysaccharide (xanthan gum, guar gum or locust bean gum) were used as emulsifying and stabilizing ingredients. The effective disruption of oil droplets and the degradation of polysaccharides by the shear forces under high pressure in HDP microfluidization yielded finer emulsions with lower viscosities, leading to distinctive improvements in emulsion stability. On the other hand, improvements in stability obtained with HHP treatment were due to the thickening of the emulsions mainly induced by protein unfolding. The corresponding increases in viscosity were intensified in emulsion formulations containing higher oil content. Apart from these, HHP treatment was found to be relatively more contributive to the enhancements in viscoelastic properties.     

高压下MgS的弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(density functional theory)基础上的第一性原理赝势平面波方法, 计算研究了MgS晶体B2构型在不同压强下的几何结构、弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质. 计算结果表明, 在高压作用下, 该结构的导带能级有向高能级移动的趋势, 而价带能级有向低能级移动的趋势. 同时, 对照态密度分布图及高压下能级的移动情况, 分析了MgS B2构型在高压作用下的光学性质, 发现高压作用下, 吸收光谱发生了明显的蓝移.     

Effect of high pressure treatment on the characteristics of a model emulsion

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of HP (high pressure) technology as a possible alternative method for decontamination of non-food medium. HP (500?MPa) did not modify significantly the physicochemical characteristics of a model non-food emulsion. A 10?min HP treatment inactivated totally Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans even if all the five microorganisms were inoculated together, regardless of the initial load. No recovery was observed until six months of storage at 25°C.     

Influence of adhesive layer properties on laser-generated ultrasonic waves in thin bonded plates

This paper studies quantitatively the generation of Lamb waves in thin bonded plates subjected to laser illumination, after considering the viscoelasticity of the adhesive layer. The displacements of such plates have been calculated in the frequency domain by using the finite element method, and the time domain response has been reconstructed by applying an inverse fast Fourier transform. Numerical results are presented showing the normal surface displacement for several configurations: a single aluminum plate, a three-layer bonded plate, and a two-layer plate. The characteristics of the laser-generated Lamb waves for each particular case have been investigated. In addition, the sensitivity of the transient responses to variations of material properties (elastic modulus, viscoelastic modulus, and thickness) of the adhesive layer has been studied in detail.     

Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the structural and optical properties of ZnO film deposited by reactive sputtering

Effects of variation of the oxygen partial pressure on the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films prepared by reactive radio-frequency sputtering were investigated. Measurements by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that the crystallinity and the surface morphology were sensitive to the oxygen partial pressure. The interfacial and optical properties of the targeted films were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) characterization. Based on Tauc-Lorentz (TL) model, the optical constants of ZnO films were tentatively extracted in the photon energy ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 eV. Analyses by XRD and SE revealed that the oxygen partial pressure had effect on the orientation of the ZnO films, the surface morphology, the packing density, and the interfacial layers. And the relationship between crystallinity and interfacial layer, as well as the relationship between surface roughness and packing density was discussed. All these had a significant impact on the optical properties illustrated by SE analysis.     

Identifying the viscoelastic properties of soft matter from the indentation response of a hard film-soft substrate system

The indentation technique is widely used in measuring the mechanical properties of soft matter at the microscale or nanoscale,but still faces challenges by these unique properties as well as the consequent strong surface adhesion, including the strong nonlinear effect, unclear judgment of the contact point, difficulties in estimating the contact area, and the risk of the indenter piercing the sample. Here we propose a two-step method to solve these problems: lay a hard film on a soft matter, and obtain the viscoelastic properties of this soft matter through the indentation response of this composite structure. We first establish a theoretical indentation model of the hard film-soft substrate system based on the theory of plates, elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle and Boltzmann superposition principle. To verify the correctness of this method, we measure the mechanical properties of the methyl vinyl silicone rubber(MVSR) covered by a Cu nanofilm. Finally, we test the effectiveness and error sensitivity of this method with the finite element method(FEM). The results show that our method can accurately measure the mechanical properties of soft matter, while effectively circumventing the problems of the traditional indentation technique.     

肋片对后台阶湍流流动影响的数值模拟

采用二阶全展开ETG有限元方法作为大涡模拟空间离散格式,计算了Reynolds数为47625条件下的后台阶湍流流动,结果与相关实验资料符合良好,在此基础上分析了附加肋片高度和肋距对后台阶湍流流动的影响.计算结果表明,不同肋高和肋距对台阶下游流动具有较大的影响,相应条件下台阶下游的涡系及其时变过程都发生了很大的变化,计算给出了台阶回流段长度随肋高和随肋距变化的曲线,并指出,在台阶下游附加肋片可以作为后台阶湍流流动一种简单有效的被动控制方式.     

Effect of the oxygen pressure on the microstructure and optical properties of ZnO films prepared by laser molecular beam epitaxy

A series of ZnO films were prepared on the Si (1 0 0) or glass substrate at 773 K under various oxygen pressures by using a laser molecular beam epitaxy system. The microstructure and optical properties were investigated through the X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and spectrofluorophotometer. The results showed that ZnO thin film prepared at 1 Pa oxygen pressure displayed the best crystalinity and all ZnO films formed a columnar structure. Meanwhile, all ZnO films exhibited an abrupt absorption edge near the wavelength of 380 nm in transmission spectra. With increasing the oxygen pressure, the transmission intensity changed non-monotonically and reached a maximum of above 80% at 1 Pa oxygen pressure, based on which the band gaps of all ZnO films were calculated to be about 3.259–3.315 eV. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that there occurred no emission peak at a low oxygen pressure of 10⁻⁵ Pa. With the increment of the oxygen pressure, there occurred a UV emission peak of 378 nm, a weak violet emission peak of 405 nm and a wide green emission band centered at 520 nm. As the oxygen pressure increased further, the position of UV emission peak remained and its intensity changed non-monotonically and reached a maximum at 1 Pa. Meanwhile the intensity of green emission band increased monotonically with increasing the oxygen pressure. In addition, it was also found that the intensity of UV emission peak decreased as the measuring temperature shifted from 80 to 300 K. The analyses indicated that the UV emission peak originated from the combination of free excitons and the green emission band originated from the energy level jump from conduction band to O_Zn defect.     

物理参数变化对短脉冲激光激励温度场的影响

 为研究多物理参数（耦合系数、电子热导率、电子热容、晶格热容）同时随温度变化对短脉冲激光辐照金属材料产生温度场分布的影响,基于双温耦合理论,建立了短脉冲激光辐照金属材料金的加热过程的有限元求解模型。在同时考虑脉冲激光的空间、时间分布和多参数同时随温度变化的情况下,得到短脉冲激光辐照金属材料金激励产生的温度场二维瞬态分布,并进一步比较了多物理参数同时随温度变化和采用室温物理参数两种情况下温度场分布的区别。数值结果表明：多物理参数同时随温度变化使电子温度和晶格温度的上升变快,最大值变大,而且使得材料中激光穿透直接辐照到的区域温度变高。     

水听器线列阵近场声压测量误差实验研究

本文介绍了用于近场声压的测量水听器中阵元水听器测量声压的可靠性检验方法和实验结果,提出了元水听器测量球面波场中声传播衰减的曲线与现想球面波声场中场传播衰减的曲线对比的检验,要用球面声源声中心测量值对收发距离进行修正的方法,实验水池中对线列阵上十元水吸器在球形声源水池中进行了传播衰减曲线的测量分析,验证了基阵的弱散散射性能,表明线阵可用于距离小至1／7波长的极近场的扫描测量。     

Investigation of the linear and nonlinear properties of a Drude model photonic crystal

The optical transmission properties of a one-dimensional Drude model photonic crystal are investigated. The linear wave propagation is studied by the transfer matrix method. Using a delta-function approximation a nonlinear 2-d map is obtained and used to explore the global transmission properties of nonlinear wave propagation in this system. Inclusion of a frequency-dependent refractive index represented by the Drude model results in a considerable modification of the characteristics of the linear and nonlinear wave propagation of the one-dimensional photonic crystal.     

非独立散射对纳米颗粒介质光热效应的影响

本文采用有限元软件COMSOL结合双温度模型模拟了含金纳米颗粒复合介质的光热效应和温度分布,分析了金纳米颗粒非独立散射的影响,讨论了发生光热效应时复合介质内能量的传递方式。结果表明:将双温度模型与Fourier导热定律结合可以描述纳米颗粒及周围介质的温度变化;与独立散射的颗粒相比,非独立散射情况下光热效应与颗粒间的耦合现象有关,并且这种耦合效应与颗粒间的距离相关。