从磺酸阳离子交换树脂合成高分子试剂

磺酸阳离子交换树脂(■)与吡啶反应生成磺酸吡啶盐树脂(■),后者用亚硫酰氯处理可100％转化为聚苯乙烯磺酰氯树脂(■)。(■)可以作为对酸敏感的二酮与乙二醇反应生成单缩酮的催化剂。     

聚苯乙烯基N-甲基-N-酰基磺酰胺树脂的制备及其作为酰基转移试剂在酰胺合成中的应用

聚苯乙烯基磺酰氯树脂(树脂1)与甲胺水溶液在吡啶的催化作用下反应，制备了N—甲基磺酰胺树脂(树脂2)．用酰氯在吡啶中与树脂2反应，得到N—酰基—N—甲基磺酰胺树脂(树脂3)．树脂3作为胺底物的酰基转移试剂，用来制备N—取代的酰胺，收率14～81％．树脂3可以有选择性地酰化乙醇胺中的氨基而不会使羟基酰化。     

镓在氨基吡啶树脂上的吸附行为及机理

前文已报道了氨基吡啶树脂对AuCl_4~-、PtCl_6~(2-)的吸附性。本文报道4-氨基吡啶树脂对镓的吸附行为与机理。在6mol/L HCl条件下,对镓的氯络阴离子(GaCl_4~-)有很好的吸附性。并能定量洗脱。测得静态吸附容量为351.15mg/g树脂,用化学法及红外光谱等方法,测得4-氨基吡啶树脂吸附镓(Ⅲ)的基本参数。     

应用漫反射红外光谱技术优化2-聚苯乙烯磺酰胺基乙醇树脂的合成

本文采用漫反射红外光谱法优化一种新的固相合成载体2－江西 乙烯磺酰胺基乙醇树脂的合成。聚苯乙烯磺酰氯树脂在有或没有溶剂和／或催化剂存在下与乙醇铵反应得到2－聚苯乙烯磺酰胺基乙醇树脂。漫反射红外光谱跟踪整个反应过程。结果表明，漫反射红外光谱技术是优化制备新的功能基化聚合物条件的有力工具。2－聚苯乙烯磺酰胺基乙醇树脂的优化制备条件是：聚苯乙烯磺酰氯，乙醇胺在60℃反应30min。     

染料中间体间氨基-N-取代-苯磺酰胺的合成研究

以间氨基苯磺酸为原料，经乙酰化保护氨基，用氯磺酸／氯化亚砜将磺箕转变为磺酰氯，再分别与氨基G酸、吐氏酸、γ－酸、6－氨基－1，3－萘二磺酸、5，6－二氨基－1，3－萘二磺酸胺化缩合，水解去乙酰基，较高收率地合成了间氨基－N－取代－苯磺酰胺类染料中间体。产物结构经元素分析、红外、核磁和质谱确证。     

α-氨基吡啶树脂的合成及其对Au(Ⅲ)的吸着与洗脱性能的研究

将α-氨基吡啶引入不同的高分子载体上,合成了α-氨基吡啶树脂。研究了这一树脂对三价金的吸着、选择性能以及α-氨基吡啶树脂上三价金的洗脱;探讨了高分子载体对α-氨基吡啶树脂吸着性能的影响。     

大孔弱碱性树脂对高水溶性磺酸类染料中间体的吸附

大孔弱碱性树脂对高水溶性磺酸类染料中间体的吸附;大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂;芳香磺酸化合物;吸附热力学     

羟基磺酸、氨基磺酸和磺酰肽的合成

具有四面体结构的磺酸衍生物可用于模拟酯键和酰胺键水解的过渡态，特别是 含有四面体结构磺酰胺键的磺酰肽作为天然肽的硫类似物，广泛用于作为酶抑制剂 以及用来诱导抗体酶的半抗原。综述了羟基磺酸、氨基磺酸和磺酰肽的合成。重点 介绍了消旋的和手性的α－和β－取代的β－氨基磺酸及其酰氯和亚磺酰氯，γ－ 氨基－α，β－不饱和磺酸及其酰氯的合成，以及由它们作为基元分子通过液相和 固相方法来合成α－和β－取代的β－磺酰肽、亚磺酰肽及乙烯磺酰肽。     

新型空间链取代四-(6-氨基己酸磺肽基)铝酞菁配合物的合成及其光物理性质

高锰酸钾降解2-萘酚-6-磺酸钠合成了"分子碎片"4-磺酸钾基邻苯二甲酸(1)。1在钼酸铵催化下,用固相法合成了四-磺酸铝酞菁(2)。采用氨基转化的方法,2经磺酰氯化和Hinsberg磺酰胺化反应分别合成了四-磺酰氯铝酞菁(3)和新型空间链取代四-(6-氨基己酸磺肽基)铝酞菁(4)。1～4结构经1HNMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征,并对4的光物理性质进行了初步研究。     

新形态全氟磺酸树脂催化剂研究进展

全氟磺酸树脂是绿色固体酸催化剂，对许多反应有较好的催化活性和选择性。但由于全氟磺酸树脂比表面较低，埋没在氟碳基体中的酸性中心不易被反应物所接近，质量比活性低。本文对近年来新形态全氟磺酸树脂，如多孔、负载化、纳米复合物及其改性的全氟磺酸树脂的催化作用进行了综述，文献结果表明全氟磺酸树脂纳米复合物对很多有机合成反应具有很高的催化活性。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。