Dielectric properties of Pb(Mg1/4Zn1/4Nb1/2)O11/4

Polycrystalline samples of Pb(Mg_1/4Zn_1/4Nb_1/2)O_11/4 have been synthesized by high temperature columbite precursor solid state reaction technique. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, compound formation in single phase cubic structure was observed and XRD analysis provided preliminary structural data. Detailed studies of dielectric properties of the compound reveal that this compound has high dielectric constant and diffuse phase transition in a wide range of temperatures around the Curie temperature. The charge deficiency of the compound presumably gets compensated in the high temperature columbite precursor process of sample preparation which is supported by single phasic form of the material.     

Electro-optic properties of LiKSO4 and LiK1-xRbxSO4 crystals

1-x Rb_xSO₄ for x varying between 0 and 0.50 were investigated by an ac modulation method based upon the Sénarmont arrangement. The electro-optic coefficient r_c, and for the first time the coefficients r₄₁ and r₅₁ were determined with good accuracy in pure LiKSO₄ around room temperature at a wavelength of 633 nm. The frequency dependence of the electro-optic coefficient r_c was measured in the frequency range from 1 kHz up to 1 MHz. The values of the factor of merit n_e ³r_c of the mixed crystals LiK_1-xRb_xSO₄ were obtained for the first time, for the concentrations x=0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.50. The electro-optic properties are shown to be affected by the random presence of the rubidium ions in this disordered system. Received: 16 March 1998/Revised version: 2 June 1998     

The vacuum structure of light-frontφ 1+1 4 -theory

We discuss the vacuum structure ofφ ⁴-theory in 1+1 dimensions quantised on the light-frontx ⁺=0. To this end, one has to solve a non-linear, operator-valued constraint equation. It expresses that mode of the field operator having longitudinal light-front momentum equal to zero, as a function of all the other modes in the theory. We analyse whether this zero mode can lead to a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value of the fieldφ and thus to spontaneous symmetry breaking. In perturbation theory, we get no symmetry breaking. If we solve the constraint, however, non-perturbatively, within a meanfield type Fock ansatz, the situation changes: while the vacuum state itself remains trivial, we find a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value above a critical coupling. Exactly the same result is obtained within a light-front Tamm-Dancoff approximation, if the renormalisation is done in the correct way.     

Structural and dielectric properties of Pb(Li1/4Dy1/4W1/2)O3

The polycrystalline samples of Pb(Li_1/4Dy_1/4W_1/2)O₃ have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction techniques. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the compound provided preliminary structural data, and hence formation of a single phase desired material was confirmed. Detailed studies of dielectric constant (ε) and loss (tanδ) as a function of frequency (100 Hz to 10 kHz) at room temperature (298 K) and also as a function of temperature (liquid nitrogen to 403 K) at 10 kHz suggest that the compound undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition of diffuse type.     

Hyperfine structure of the 4s4p1P1-state of67Zn by level crossing spectroscopy

The magnetic dipole coupling constantA of the 4s 4p¹P₁ state of⁶⁷Zn was measured in a level crossing experiment. The result is A(4s4p¹P₁ ⁶⁷Zn)= 17.7(5) MHz. In a modified Breit-Wills theory thisA factor leads to a parameter λ_P= 0.71(3), which describes the difference in the radial wave functions of thep-electron in 4s4p¹P₁ and³P₁ states respectively. The lifetime of the 4s4p¹P₁ state was remeasured by Hanle-effect experiments. The result τ=1.41± 0.04 nsec is in good agreement with other measurements.     

Ground-state properties of LiV2O4 and Li1-xZnx(V1-yTiy)2O4

We present susceptibility, microwave resistivity, NMR and heat-capacity results for Li_1-xZn_x(V_1-yTi_y)₂O₄ with 0 ? x ? 0.3 and 0 ? y ? 0.3. For all doping levels the susceptibility curves can be fitted with a Curie-Weiss law. The paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperatures remain negative with an average value close to that of the pure compound Θ≈ - 36 K. Spin-glass anomalies are observed in the susceptibility, heat-capacity and NMR measurements for both type of dopants. From the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate we found critical-dynamic behavior in the Zn doped compounds at the freezing temperatures. For the Ti-doped samples two successive freezing transitions into disordered low-temperature states can be detected. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for Zn-doped compounds does not resemble that of canonical spin glasses and only a small fraction of the total vanadium entropy is frozen at the spin-glass transitions. For pure LiV₂O₄ the spin-glass transition is completely suppressed. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for LiV₂O₄ can be described using a nuclear Schottky contribution and the non-Fermi liquid model, appropriate for a system close to a spin-glass quantum critical point. Finally an ( x / y , T )-phase diagram for the low-doping regime is presented. Received 16 March 2001 and Received in final form 30 October 2001     

Introduction to 𝒫𝒯-symmetric quantum theory

In most introductory courses on quantum mechanics one is taught that the Hamiltonian operator must be Hermitian in order that the energy levels be real and that the theory be unitary (probability conserving). To express the Hermiticity of a Hamiltonian, one writes H?=?H ^?, where the symbol ? denotes the usual Dirac Hermitian conjugation; that is, transpose and complex conjugate. In the past few years it has been recognized that the requirement of Hermiticity, which is often stated as an axiom of quantum mechanics, may be replaced by the less mathematical and more physical requirement of space?–?time reflection symmetry (𝒫𝒯 symmetry) without losing any of the essential physical features of quantum mechanics. Theories defined by non-Hermitian 𝒫𝒯-symmetric Hamiltonians exhibit strange and unexpected properties at the classical as well as at the quantum level. This paper explains how the requirement of Hermiticity can be evaded and discusses the properties of some non-Hermitian 𝒫𝒯-symmetric quantum theories.     

4(5)-氰基咪唑的合成与表征

以D-果糖为初始原料,经环合、氧化,再加入盐酸羟胺作为氰基化试剂一步法制得4(5)-氰基咪唑.利用1H NMR、13C NMR等手段对各步所得产物的结构进行了表征,结果表明产物为4(5)-氰基咪唑.以D-果糖计,3步反应的总收率为33.5％.     

LiA1H4 Reduction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

LiA1H₄ has been used extensively for many years as a reducing agent towards polar unsaturated groups. Its mode of action is generally thought t o involve a hydride ion transfer(¹). There exists, however, the possibility that electron transfer might also play a role in the mechanism o f LiA1H₄ reduction reactions. In this note, we present the results o f an electron spin resonance investigation of the reactim between lithium aluminum hydride and several representative unwturated hydrocarbon and heterocyclic systems.     

Line strengths of the ν1 + ν4 band of 12CH4

The line strengths of the ν₁ + ν₄ band of ¹²CH₄ at 4223.5 cm^?1 were measured using a leastsquares procedure that iterates between the observed spectrum and a synthetic spectrum calculated at correct instrumental and gas sample conditions. The methane spectrum was recorded at 0.011 cm^?1 resolution with signal-to-noise ratios of 300 to 1 or better using a Fourier transform spectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Line assignments were evaluated and extended to upper state J of 13. The observed line strengths reflect significant perturbation by other states so that only portions of the band can be used to determine a band strength of 6.92 (2) cm^?2 atm^?1 at 296 K with a Herman-Wallis factor of (1 – 0.0035(2)m)².     

Author Index to Volumes 156/1–4 – 157/1–4 (2004)

Hyperfine Interactions -     

Author Index to Volumes 146/1–4 and 147/1–4 (2003)

Hyperfine Interactions -     

与偏振无关的1×4光开关

提出了一种基于折射棱镜与偏振无关的 1×4 光开关的设计及应用,主要介绍了该器件的结构、原理及误差分析,该器件采用一个单光纤准直器和两个双光纤准直器对光路进行耦合,并利用继电器带动折射棱镜灵活切换光路。该器件主要用于光网络系统之间的互联和光网络的保护、备份上,实验结果表明具有体积小、插损低、可靠性好等特点。     

La1-xSrxCuO4中的条纹结构

我们研究了被BCS理论和京茨堡-朗道(GL)理论所忽略的晶格周期势对超导特性的影响.根据有效质量近似,晶格周期势能包含在电子的有效质量里,这样的有效质量有个非同寻常的特点,它可以取负值.从而导致完全不同的超导序参量在空间分布.这样的一种分布能很好的解释铜氧化物超导体的诸多反常现象,如条纹相、正常态中的赝能隙等现象.跟主流的观点正好相反,我们的结果显示铜氧化物的许多反常特性依然能在费米液体理论框架下解释.常规超导体和铜氧化物超导体能有机的统一起来.     

Analysis of the ν1 and ν2 + ν4 bands of 12CH4

Line assignments, positions, strengths, and experimentally determined upper states are reported for the ν₁ and ν₂ + ν₄ infrared bands of ¹²CH₄. The bands have been analyzed using infrared spectra recorded with different optical densities and temperatures at 0.02- and 0.01-cm^?1 resolution using a four-passed grating spectrometer at Florida State University and a Fourier transform spectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Both ν₁ and ν₂ + ν₄ lines are assigned through J′ = 14. For J′ ≥ 10, the upper state of the vibrationally infrared inactive ν₁ band interacts strongly with ν₂ + ν₄ and is observed in the infrared spectrum with line strengths on the order of 10^?3 cm^?2 atm^?1. The upper-state energies and transition intensities are calculated from the molecular constants and transition moment matrix elements obtained through a simultaneous analysis of ν₁, ν₃, ν₂ + ν₄, 2ν₄, and 2ν₂.     

Geons and (4+1) Gravity

Gravitational-electromagnetic entities geons are singularity-free solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations. These structures in cylindrical symmetry are considered here through the noncompactified Kaluza-Klein theory which describes geometrically the gravitation field and its sources.     

A note on 1/4-BPS states

We study classical solutions of super Yang–Mills theories that are invariant under 1/4 of the supersymmetry generators. Expressions for the mass and electric charge of the configurations are derived as functions on the monopole moduli space. These functions also provide a method of determining the number of normalisable bosonic zero modes.