S 7 andŠ 7

We investigate the seven-sphere as a group-like manifold and its extension to a Kac-Moody-like algebra. Covariance properties and tensorial composition of spinors underS ⁷ are defined. The relation to Malcev algebras is established. The consequences for octonionic projective spaces are examined. Current algebras are formulated and their anomalies are derived, and shown to be unique (even regarding numerical coefficients) up to redefinitions of the currents. Nilpotency of the BRST operator is consistent with one particular expression in the class of (field-dependent) anomalies. A Sugawara construction is given.     

Nucleation behaviour during silicon UHV-CVD on Si(111)7×7

We report a UHV-CVD homoepitaxy study on the Si(111)7×7 surface investigated with Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM). We have investigated the two-dimensional island density in the temperature range from 450 to 550°C and silane pressure range from 2 to 8×10⁻⁴ Torr. Contrary to experiments using molecular beam epitaxy, we find that the two-dimensional island density in UHV-CVD cannot be directly described by the standard nucleation theory. We discuss this point and show that the variation of the steady-state hydrogen coverage on the surface during pressure- or temperature-dependent experiments can explain the observed two-dimensional island density behaviour.     

Structure of Si(111)−7 × 7

A model of the Si(111)?7 × 7 surface atomic arrangement is put forward on the basis of results already established for Si(111) and Si(100) surfaces. The unit mesh contains a triangular double-layer island with 21 first-layer atoms. The island is laterally expanded and is bounded by [1̄1̄2] steps with second-layer edge atoms forming asymmetric dimers. It is shown that salient features of low energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns for Si(111)?7 × 7 can be explained by the model. The LEED patterns are interpreted qualitatively by a double-diffraction mechanism involving forward diffraction in the selvedge. It is shown that the patterns contain characteristic formations of fractional-order spots attributable to the dimers at the island boundaries. The best agreement with observed patterns is obtained with the following parameter values: dimer bond length 2.5 ± 0.2 Å, island lateral expansion 3 ± 2%. Some of the implications of the model for the chemical reactivity and electronic properties of the Si(111)?7 × 7 surface are discussed.     

STM study of low pressure adsorption of silane on Si(111)7 × 7

We report a study of silane adsorption on the Si(111)7 × 7 surface. We have been interested in the first stages of chemisorption at room temperature. Reactive sites of the unit cell have been clearly identified on Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) images: the reaction involves the rest atom and the adjacent adatom of the DAS structure with preferential adsorption on the center adatom. We propose an original chemisorption mechanism which leads to the formation of two SiH₂ species by chemisorption and involves the breaking of Si---Si backbonds of the adatom.     

High resolution XPS studies on hexadecafluoro-copper-phthalocyanine deposited onto Si(1 1 1)7×7 surface

High resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have been performed onto ultrathin films of hexadecafluoro copper phthalocyanine deposited, at room temperature and in ultrahigh vacuum conditions, onto clean Si(1 1 1)7×7 substrate (silicon, Si). The measurements, performed at various film thicknesses, show a strong interaction between the molecule and the Si substrate. All the core level peaks present strong modifications induced by the substrate interaction. In particular the fluorine (F) spectrum clearly presents the effect of the interaction of some F atoms of the molecule with the substrate, which determines the formation of F–Si bonds while the copper spectrum indicates a charge transfer from the Si substrate. The changes observed in the other core level spectra have been attributed to a different charge distribution in the molecule, after the formation of F–Si bonds. We suggest a planar growth of these molecules on the Si substrate starting from the first layer.     

Giant core-exciton effects on Si(111) 7 × 7 surfaces

We present the first direct experimental evidence for a large surface influenced core-exciton effect on silicon. The Si(111) 7 × 7 L_2,3 absorption edge has been studied with core-level electron energy loss (ELS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). An excitonic shift of ～1–2 eV have been found for transitions from Si(2p) to empty surface states.     

Investigation of7Be(n,p)7Li reaction

The⁷Be(n, p)⁷Li nuclear reaction with thermal and 2 keV neutrons was studied. For thermal neutrons the total cross section of (46 800± 4 000) b was obtained and the proton branching ratio to the first excited and ground states of⁷Li was determined to be ₁/₀ = (2±1) %. For 2 keV neutrons the upper limit of the cross section of 540 b was estimated.Dedicated to Academician Václav Votruba on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.The autors thank Mr. A. Dvoák and Mrs. B. Michalcová for their manufacturing the⁶Li standards, Dr. J. Frána for his help in determining the number of⁷Be atoms and Ing. J. Hoffmann, Mr. J. Novotný and Mr. J. Badura for their careful preparation of electronics.     

Ge(111) 7 × 7 surface structure induced by Sn

When tin was deposited by 0.3–0.8 monolayer thick on Ge(111) clean surface at room temperature and annealed at 345°C, 7 × 7 superlattice structure appeared on the surface. Features of the diffraction pattern of the 7 × 7 structure are strikingly similar to those of the diffraction pattern of Si(111) 7 × 7 surface structure, which suggests that atomic arrangements in the two 7 × 7 structures resemble each other very well.     

Estimating the lifetime of R7T7 glass in various media

Fission product containment glasses were the first matrices for which long-term behavior studies were undertaken. A substantial body of results has been obtained over the last twenty years, international scientific cooperation programs have been developed, and a strict methodology has progressively been defined to predict the behavior of these materials on a time scale of several tens of thousands of years. The excellent self-irradiation resistance of the French ‘R7T7’ glass has been demonstrated. Models of aqueous alteration under optimized but realistic geological disposal conditions suggest a glass package lifetime of several million years. To cite this article: É.Y. Vernaz, C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 813–825.     

7-氨基喹唑啉的合成

7-氨基喹唑啉是合成杂环药物的重要中间体。为了寻找经济的合成7-氨基喹唑啉的方法,本文以Pd/C和Zn粉共同作用还原4-氯-7-硝基喹唑啉制备7-氨基喹唑啉,产率达到52%。比文献报道的产率略高,最关键的是与文献报道的直接用Pd/C还原的方法相比较,此法更经济。     

Contents of volume 7

Molecular Diversity -