超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析烟叶中的12种类黄酮物质

类黄酮物质是烟草非常重要的次生代谢物。本研究建立了一种烟叶中12种类黄酮物质的定量分析方法,相对于传统方法增加了10种类黄酮物质的定量分析。采用甲醇-水-氯仿(5 : 2 : 2, v/v/v)对类黄酮物质进行提取和色素剔除,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行分析,整个仪器分析时间为13 min。该方法对所有被测类黄酮物质的线性相关系数(r²)均高于0.99,检出限在0.3~100 μg/L之间,定量限在1.2~400 μg/L之间,日内重复性在3.5%~7.4%之间,日间重复性在5.2%~11.4%之间,回收率在81.2%~111.9%之间,符合定量分析要求。将该方法应用于11种不同品种烟草的类黄酮物质检测,发现不同烟草之间的类黄酮物质含量相差很大,而结构相似的类黄酮物质在烟叶中的含量分布存在显著的正相关关系。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析烟叶中的12种类黄酮物质北大核心CSCD

类黄酮物质是烟草非常重要的次生代谢物。本研究建立了一种烟叶中12种类黄酮物质的定量分析方法,相对于传统方法增加了10种类黄酮物质的定量分析。采用甲醇-水-氯仿（5∶2∶2,v／v／v）对类黄酮物质进行提取和色素剔除,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行分析,整个仪器分析时间为13 min。该方法对所有被测类黄酮物质的线性相关系数（ r2）均高于0.99,检出限在0.3～100μg／L 之间,定量限在1.2～400μg／L 之间,日内重复性在3.5％～7.4％之间,日间重复性在5.2％～11.4％之间,回收率在81.2％～111.9％之间,符合定量分析要求。将该方法应用于11种不同品种烟草的类黄酮物质检测,发现不同烟草之间的类黄酮物质含量相差很大,而结构相似的类黄酮物质在烟叶中的含量分布存在显著的正相关关系。     

用高效液相色谱法和模式识别技术定量表征烟叶颜色相似性研究

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了13种国产烤烟型烟叶中多酚类物质,并定量测定了其中7种主要烟草多酚物质,用模式识别方法处理了HPLC测定多酚的谱图轮廓数据,计算了这些烟叶之间的颜色相似性标度参数TK值,并与人工感官结果进行了比较。结果表明,通过用模式识别技术处理多酚的HPLC轮廓数据,可以定量估计不同产地、不同等级烟叶之间颜色的相似性。模式识别方法处理与感官评价结果基本一致,但前者更客观。因此,模式识别技术可以作为客观评价烟叶颜色质量、弥补人工感官方法的工具。     

烟叶和烟草料液中氨基酸的直接检测及碳水化合物的去除

建立了高效阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培法(HPAEC-IPAD)直接检测烟叶和烟草料液中氨基酸的方法。利用离线除糖的方法,去除烟叶和烟草料液中大量干扰糖类,包括葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖及麦芽低聚糖等。采用AminoPac PA10阴离子交换柱,以NaOH和NaAc的强碱性溶液为淋洗液,采用梯度洗脱,流速为0.25 mL/min;积分脉冲安培法对氨基酸进行检测,回收率可达76%~105%。此方法可以有效的解决烟叶、烟草料液等含糖量高的样品中糖类化合物的干扰,对氨基酸实现灵敏、准确的定量分析。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定烟草的中性化学成分

建立了采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOFMS)分析烟草的中性化学成分的方法。以DB-Petro(50 m×200 μm×0.5 μm) 为第一维色谱柱,DB-1701(2.3 m×100 μm×0.1 μm)为第二维色谱柱;调制周期为8 s;柱头压力为550 kPa;采用程序升温方式,初始温度分别为80 ℃和85 ℃。采用所建立的方法对不同部位的烟叶、不同品种烟草中的25种中性香味成分含量进行了测定和对比。结果表明：云南楚雄产云烟85的中性香味成分(不包括新植二烯)的总量以中部叶最高,其次是上部叶,下部叶最少;国内外不同品种的烤烟中中性香味成分的含量高低顺序为：巴西烤烟最高,其次是津巴布韦烤烟、云烟85、中烟101、NC89、K326;4类烟草中中性香味成分含量最高的是香料烟,其次是白肋烟、烤烟、马里兰烟。     

基于顶空固相微萃取-全二维气相飞行时间质谱快速检测烟草挥发性及半挥发性生物碱

通过正交试验设计与单因素试验设计相结合,建立了顶空固相微萃取-全二维气相飞行时间质谱快速分析烟草挥发性及半挥发性生物碱的方法。烟叶样品在70℃条件下平衡20 min,然后采用PDMS/DVB/CAR纤维头在顶空瓶中平衡15 min,最后在250℃进样口解析3 min效果最好。以喹啉为内标,分别对烟草中烟碱、麦斯明和二烯烟碱3种生物碱的挥发性成分进行定性定量分析,其方法的线性相关系数(r2)为0.9944~0.9992,检出限为0.60~150 pg,添加回收率为86.7%~98.3%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~4.2%。通过实际烟草样品检测表明,不同生物碱的挥发性与总量具有显著相关性。     

硅烷化衍生-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定烟草中的游离氨基酸

建立了氨基酸硅烷化衍生-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定烟草中18种游离氨基酸的分析方法。烟叶样品用75%乙醇萃取,萃取液真空干燥后在75℃下加入N-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺(MTBSTFA)衍生试剂进行硅烷化衍生反应30 min后在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下进行GC/MS分析,采用内标法定量。结果表明:18种氨基酸的定量标准曲线线性良好,R2为0.9990~0.9999,方法的加标回收率为97.4%~114.1%,相对标准偏差为0.17%~3.4%。该方法前处理操作快速简便、检测灵敏度高,适用于烟草中游离氨基酸含量的定量分析。     

谱图检索结合二级质谱定性分析烟草中挥发性成分

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取烟叶中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分离测定,通过谱库检索和匹配度定性结合色谱保留指数方法鉴定烟叶中挥发性成分,并引入离子阱二级质谱对谱库检索匹配度差距小、含量低,背景干扰大的物质准确定性.采用谱图检索结合二级质谱定性共鉴定144个化合物,其中104个化合物在烟草挥发性成分的文献中已有报道,报道中有9个化合物是通过二级质谱定性,其余40个化合物还未见报道.结果表明,离子阱二级质谱定性的引入提高了对未知化合物定性的准确性和可靠性,适合于烟叶这类复杂植物体系的化学组分研究.     

烟草薄片热解产物的同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱研究

利用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱的方法对烟草薄片热解产物进行了实时在线质谱检测。通过改变同步辐射光子的能量,获得了不同光子能量下的质谱图。在已有文献及量子化学计算的辅助下,给出了一些主要热解产物的化学信息。尼古丁(m/z 162)是传统烟草原料的主要热解产物之一,但并不是烟草薄片的主要热解产物,添加烟草薄片也许是一种降低尼古丁的有效途径。     

基于柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术的植物提取液中氨基化合物代谢谱分析

氨基化合物在植物生长发育中起着重要作用。本文建立了一种基于柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术的植物提取液中氨基化合物代谢谱的分析方法。以烟草鲜叶为例,共检测出87种氨基化合物。其中43种氨基化合物的定量分析结果表明,方法的线性相关系数在0.993~0.999之间,线性范围可达到4个数量级,检出限为0.03~6.58 ng/mL,日内、日间精密度分别为0.7%~15.6%、0.8%~22.9%,回收率为74.4%~122.7%。采用该方法考察了打顶对不同部位烟草鲜叶中氨基化合物代谢谱的影响,结果显示打顶处理对上部叶影响最大,打顶后上部叶氮代谢主要流向生物碱合成方向。该方法充分利用了三重四极杆串联质谱和高分辨串联质谱技术的优势,可实现植物提取液中氨基代谢物的高选择性、高灵敏度分析。     

Analytical determination of nicotine in tobacco leaves by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A preliminary investigation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to analyze the nicotine contained in tobacco leaves was carried out. Nicotine is an alkaloid and tobacco leaves was extracted with methanol and determined by GC–MS. The detection limit for nicotine was at the ppm level for non selective monitoring and the nanogram level for selective detection. This is a simple chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of nicotine in tobacco leave. Compared to other currently utilized methods for the detection of nicotine in tobacco leaves, the GC–MS provided advantages of high sensitivity, nicotine specific detection and lower instrumentation cost.     

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to simultaneously determinate dichlorvos and phoxim in tobacco

A simple pretreatment method with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed and validated to simultaneously determine dichlorvos and phoxim in tobacco and soil matrices. Satisfactory linearity (R² ≥ 0.9991) of the method was obtained for both analytes. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for dichlorvos and phoxim in three matrices were 0.0015–0.006 and 0.005–0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 78.24–92.21% for dichlorvos and 76.62–100.51% for phoxim in soil, green tobacco leaves and cured tobacco leaves. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were <6%. The established method was successfully applied for the residual analysis of dichlorvos and phoxim in real soil and tobacco samples. The results indicated that the established method could be used to detect trace amounts of dichlorvos and phoxim in tobacco. The data could also help the Chinese government establish maximum residue limits of dichlorvos and phoxim on tobacco and establish proper and safe use of dichlorvos and phoxim on tobacco plants in China.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法结合化学计量学分析白肋烟烘焙前后挥发性、半挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法（HS-SPME-GC/MS）分析了白肋烟烟叶中挥发性、半挥发性成分。20 mg烟粉在60℃条件下孵化8 min,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯（PDMS/DVB）65 μm纤维头萃取40 min,然后在250℃解吸3 min,通过与标准品和质谱数据库进行比对,初步定性了白肋烟烟叶中122种挥发性、半挥发性成分,并采用内标法进行半定量分析。通过主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘-判别分析（PLS-DA）等化学计量学方法,直观反映了白肋烟烘焙前后挥发性、半挥发性成分的变化。该方法具有样品用量小、前处理简单、灵敏度高等特点,结合化学计量学方法可用于白肋烟烘焙前后化学成分变化分析,为白肋烟烘焙条件的优化提供了科学的检测方法。     

高效液相色谱-紫外/质谱检测法联合测定新鲜烟叶中的25种酚类物质

建立了烟叶中25种酚类物质的高效液相色谱-紫外/质谱(HPLC-UV/MS)测定方法,其中11种主要酚类物质采用HPLC-UV法进行绝对定量分析,其余采用HPLC-MS法进行半定量分析。方法验证结果表明：11种酚类标准物质在0.90~99.00 mg/L(绿原酸及芸香苷为0.95~380.00 mg/L)范围内呈现很好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9993~0.9999。在22.5~24.8、45.0~49.5、67.5~74.3 mg/L 3个水平的加标回收率为91.0%~112.4%。方法重复性的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.48%~13.40%,日内日间精密度的RSD为0.35%~15.54%。采用本方法对云南、河南、贵州的成熟期新鲜烟叶样品进行了分析,主要酚类物质总量为贵州>云南>河南,贵州与河南两地间存在显著性差异;芸香苷含量为云南>贵州>河南,且相互间有显著性差异。本方法预处理简单,酚类物质的分析覆盖面广,可用于批量烟叶样品的检测。     

Multivariate statistical analysis of tobacco of different origin, grade and variety according to polyphenols and organic acids

The aim of this work was to determine the concentration of polyphenols, organic acids in tobacco of different areas, grades and varieties by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) and to achieve statistical classification by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The obtained results revealed that tobacco of different varieties can be correctly classified according to the contents of polyphenols or organic acid. The results of PCA showed that different grades and geographic regions cannot completely be discriminated using polyphenols or organic acid as independent variables. However, there were marked differences in special class from the same type or grade tobacco. At the same time, the results of LDA also showed that the samples were correctly classified at 100% for different varieties of tobacco, but only 55.3% and 60% for different grades and areas, respectively. These results demonstrated that the composition of polyphenols and organic acids can be used as the useful variables to characterize the type and the special class or grade of tobacco.     

Systematic screening and characterization of glycosides in tobacco leaves by liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry using neutral loss scan and product ion scan

Glycosides in tobacco leaves are highly important aromatic precursors. It is necessary to reveal glycosides in tobacco leaves to improve tobacco planting and processing. This study describes a method for the systematic screening of glycosides in tobacco leaves by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Although glycosides contain numerous aglycones, the number of glycans is limited. Based on a screening table of glycans designed for neutral loss scan, glycosides with different aglycones were systematically screened out. Then, the MS² fragment spectra of scanned glycosides were further obtained using product ion scan. By comparison with the spectra in online tandem mass spectral databases, reported references, and verification by commercial standards, 64 glycosides were detected, including 39 glycosides linked with monosaccharides, 18 glycosides linked with disaccharides and 7 glycosides linked with trisaccharides. It is noteworthy that glycosides linked with trisaccharides have previously been rarely reported in tobacco. This method appears to be a useful tool for the systematic screening and characterization of glycosides in tobacco and can potentially be applied to other plants.     

柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-单重四极杆质谱法分析不同产地烤烟的20种游离氨基酸

为了分析烤烟中游离氨基酸含量与烤烟香型、产地的关系,以国内14个烟草种植省份的138个调制后的烤烟中部叶片为材料,采用柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-单重四极杆质谱法对烤烟中的20种游离氨基酸进行分析。方法表征结果显示该方法满足分析要求,适合烤烟中游离氨基酸的检测。对调制后烤烟中部叶片的游离氨基酸分析结果显示,烤烟的游离氨基酸含量在产地间差异很大（28.50%~94.20%）,其中天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺含量的相对标准偏差（RSD）超过80%;在3种典型香型（浓香型、清香型和中间香型）烤烟中,浓香型烤烟游离氨基酸含量的RSD大于其他两种香型。对同一香型的不同种植省份和同一省份不同香型的烤烟游离氨基酸分析结果显示,其含量呈现一定的规律。     

Combination of dynamic pH junction with capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry for the determination of systemins in plant samples

Systemin is an important group of plant peptide hormones participating in the regulation of plant defensive responses. An improved method, based on dynamic pH junction and capillary electrophoresis‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, was developed for online enrichment and sensitive determination of trace systemins in plants. After optimization, the online enrichment factors for six target systemins ranged from 90‐ to 127‐fold. The detection limits reached lower than 0.5 nM, which were comparable with the sensitivity of LC‐MS method. Satisfactory quantitative results were obtained in terms of linearity (R² ≥ 0.993), dynamic range (3–120 ng/mL), and reproducibility (≤6.7%). For the analysis of real plant samples, a rapid sample preparation method was developed, using two steps of SPE purification with different retention and separation mechanisms. Finally, this method realized the successful detection of tomato systemin and tobacco hydroxyproline‐rich systemin I from plant leaves with shorter analysis time.