A convenient and inexpensive conversion of an aziridine to an oxazolidinone

The conversion of an aziridine to the corresponding oxazolidinone using only carbon dioxide and a catalytic amount of lithium iodide is discussed. In all cases, either no reaction occurred or a high yield of product was obtained. HMPA has been added to the reaction mixture, as needed, to drastically improve the regioselectivity. Net retention of stereochemistry between the starting aziridine and the product oxazolidinone was observed.     

Effective tri-metallic TiO2 supported catalyst for hydrocarbon production from carbon dioxide

The current socio-economic issues with concerns on environmental quality and global warming are attributed to high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to extensive usage of fossil fuels. Thus, over the last two decades, comprehensive work has been reported on carbon capture and storage and catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons. Among these, the reactions with hydrocarbons to form value-added products have been in focus. In this work, an attempt was made to identify the feasibility of the reaction: carbon dioxide and steam to form hydrocarbons of fuel value. After reviewing the literature on the development of various catalysts and their mechanism, a multi-metallic catalyst supported by TiO₂ Nano-needles was explored. The reaction mechanism is expected to proceed with activated CO₂ complex and hydroxyl groups over the metal oxide catalyst. Current reported work on CO₂ and Hydrogen proceeds with activated CO₂ and protons over the catalyst. The characterization techniques mainly XPS, XRD, TGA, FESEM-EDAX, FTIR, and NMR were used to analyze the catalyst activity and to confirm the products formed. The reaction is found to yield methanol and oxygen only. However, the conversion is found to be 0.4% - 3.8% in the temperature range 350°C to 550°C. The reaction of CO₂ with hydroxyl groups from water vapor can be effective as an alternative to the reaction with protons from hydrogen.     

用无声放电转化甲烷和二氧化碳同时制备合成气与烃

在低温常压条件下,研究了在无声放电反应器中以A型分子筛为催化剂从甲烷和二氧化碳合成烃和合成气,实现了在无声放电反应器中同时合成烃和合成气。实验在原料气流量200－600ml/min、原料气甲烷和二氧化碳摩尔比1／1－3／1及输入功率100－500W的范围内进行。研究结果表明,低原料气流量有利于甲烷和二氧化碳的转化,而高原料气流量有利于烃的生成;原料气甲烷和二氧化碳摩尔比对制得合成气的H2／CO摩尔比的影响最显著;甲烷和二氧化碳转化率及合成气和烃的产率均随输入功率的增加而提高。而所研究的范围内,当原料气流理为200ml/min、甲烷和二氧化碳摩尔比为1／1、输入功率为500S时,甲烷和二氧化碳转化率达到最高值,分别为64％和39％。以此法制备的合成气的H2／CO摩尔可以在很宽的范围内变化,本研究合成气H2／CO摩尔比的变化范围是0.7-3.1。     

铁钴双金属催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成低碳烯烃

研究了常压下铁钴双金属催化剂上二氧化碳催化加氢合成低碳烯烃的反应,考察了钴含量、反应温度对二氧化碳转化率、产物选择性的影响。结果表明,钴的添加有利于铁的碳化,提高了二氧化碳转化率,降低了一氧化碳选择性,提高了甲烷选择性,适量钴的添加促进了二氧化碳向烃的转化。在铁钴摩尔比６７∶３３,反应温度３５０℃,反应空速５０００ｍｌｇ－１ｈ－１条件下,二氧化碳转化率达到２８１％,Ｃ＋２选择性达到１１６％,烯烷比５     

Comparative study between gas phase and liquid phase for the production of DMC from methanol and CO2

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and carbon dioxide over Co1.5PW12O40 in liquid and in gas phase is investigated. The synthesized catalyst has been characterized by means of FTIR and XRD. Liquid phase experiment results showed that high pressures are favorable for the synthesis of DMC. However, DMC formation is limited by the reaction with co-produced water. DMC selectivity is more strongly dependent on the temperature than on the pressure of CO2. As for the reactions in gas phase, it has been found that both CH3OH conversion and DMC selectivity decreased with increasing temperature, owing to the decomposition of DMC at high temperatures. High temperatures and more amount of Co1.5PW12O40 catalyst favor the formation of dimethoxymethane (DMM) and methyl formate (MF).     

Promotion of one-pot Robinson annelation achieved by gradual pressure and temperature manipulation under supercritical conditions

The one-pot Robinson annelation from 2-methyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione with 3-buten-2-one can be achieved in high yield (95%) and high selectivity (95%) by pressure and temperature manipulation using supercritical carbon dioxide in the presence of MgO catalyst, whose method could be applied for various ketones to synthesize fused polycyclic compounds.     

甲烷氧化细菌催化二氧化碳生物合成甲醇的研究

甲烷氧化细菌中包含的甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)、甲醇脱氢酶(ADH)、甲醛脱氢酶(FaldDH)、甲酸脱氢酶(FateDH)经过一系列反应能够把甲烷深度氧化生成二氧化碳，并生成一定的能量物质．把二氧化碳还原为甲醇是一个需要能量的过程，目前还没有已知的有机体在温和条件下完成这一反应．研究发现，甲基弯菌Methylosi-nus trichosporium IMV 3011可以催化二氧化碳生物转化生成甲醇．在休眠的悬浮细胞中充人二氧化碳后，反应一段时间在反应液中检测到了甲醇．二氧化碳转化成甲醇是一个需要能量推动的反应，为了补充反应所消耗的能量．反应一段时间后需要用甲烷进行再生，以恢复细胞中的还原当量NADH．我们进行了反应再生的交替连续批式反应，甲醇积累量能够维持在一个比较稳定的水平．理论上，反应不会增加温室效应，这是一个有效的、环境友好的、可恢复的反应过程．     

Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of propargylamine with carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide.

The reactions of propargylamine derivatives with carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide have been systematically examined in the presence of transition-metal catalysts. Pd(OAc)(2) is the best catalyst for the formation of the corresponding oxazolidinones. In addition, we found that, in the reaction of propargylamine with carbon dioxide catalyzed by palladium(0) metal catalyst in toluene, both oxazolidinone 1 and imidazolidinone 2 could be obtained under mild reaction conditions at the same time. The reaction of 1 with primary and secondary amines has been examined. A plausible reaction mechanism for the formation of 2 was proposed. In addition, in this paper, we first disclosed the ligand's effect on this reaction. Using PBu(t)(3) as a ligand with Pd(2)(dba)(3), 1 was exclusively formed in 90% yield.     

Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上正十四烷临氢异构化: Ⅰ 反应条件对催化性能及稳定性的影响

以正十四烷为原料，在连续流动的固定床反应装置上，通过改变温度、压力、空速以及氢烃摩尔比等参数，考察了0.6%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的异构化性能。结果表明，反应压力与氢烃摩尔比较低时，该催化剂仍具有良好的异构化选择性和催化稳定性。正十四烷反应的转化率高达95%时，异构化选择性仍保持在90%左右。正十四烷的转化率随温度的升高，压力、进料空速和氢烃摩尔比的降低而增大；异构化选择性呈现复杂的变化规律，反应压力和温度过高、进料空速和氢烃摩尔比太小都不利于异构体的生成。各反应参数不是单独起作用，它们之间存在相互作用；即一个参数变化时，需要其他参数的调整来获得最大的异构体收率。获得了正十四烷临氢异构的最佳条件为 300℃～330℃， 0.5MPa～2.0MPa，WHSV<10 h－1，H2/CH摩尔比1.1～8.7。     

羟基磷灰石负载Ni催化剂中Ni含量对催化甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气性能的影响

以低温沉淀方法制备的羟基磷灰石(HAp)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Ni含量的Ni/HAp催化剂,并采用BET、H2-TPR、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TEM和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,NiO含量为13%的催化剂表现出最好的催化甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气活性,在850℃、空速3.6×104mL/(h·gcat)的反应条件下,甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率在10 h内分别稳定在72%和83%。这主要归因于催化剂中金属和载体之间的强相互作用。虽然反应后的催化剂表面有少量的积炭,但这些积炭多以丝状炭存在,并不会影响催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

生物油酸酮类模化物与乙醇在HZSM-5上共裂化制备生物汽油

生物油酸类和酮类化合物具有较高的裂化活性,而使用分子蒸馏技术能将这些组分富集到蒸出馏分中,因此蒸出馏分相比原始生物油具有更好的裂化特性.为了模拟实际蒸出馏分的组成,本文将生物油模化物(羟基丙酮(HPO)、环戊酮和乙酸)进行配比混合,在固定床反应器上对其与乙醇的共裂化行为进行了研究,考察了不同反应温度和压力对混合反应物的转化率、粗汽油相的选择性和组成的影响.研究发现,当反应温度在340℃时,乙酸和乙醇的转化率分别仅为67.9%和74.4%,同时得到的油相产物中烃类含量仅为59.8%,并含有大量的含氧副产物.常压裂化同样生成了低品质的油相产物,同时油相选择性仅为10.8%.提高反应温度能促进反应物的转化,提高裂化过程中的脱氧效率,而提高反应压力对液体烃类的生成有明显的促进作用.在400℃和2MPa时,酸类和酮类都有良好的裂化表现,反应物接近完全转化,粗汽油相选择性达到31.5%,且全部由烃类组成,其中芳香烃含量高达91.5%.此外,反应后催化剂表征和稳定性测试结果表明,催化剂在较长时间反应后会失活,但通过催化剂再生能够很好地恢复催化剂活性.     

Production of Bio-hydrogen Using Bio-oil as a Potential Biomass-derived Renewable Feedstock

The bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of straw can be selectively converted into high-purity hydrogen by coupling three steps:(i)steam refonning(SR)of di tierent bio-oils,(ii)water-gas shift(WGS),and(iii)the removal of CO2.the catalytic SR reaction over the NiLaTiAl catalyst,coupled with a low-temperature WGS reaction with the CuZnAl catalyst,promoted the conversion of various oxygen-contaming organic compounds in the bio-oil into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.Under the optimized condition,light bio-oil achieved the highest conversion(99.8%,molar fraction),with a high hydrogen yield of 16.4%(mass traction)and a H2 purity of 99.94%(volume fraction).The carbon deposition on the NiLaTiAl catalyst was the main factor caused catalyst deactivation.Production of hydrogen from different bio-oil model compounds was also investigated in detail.     

不同链长正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的临氢转化规律研究

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备的双功能催化剂,以碳链长度为10-14的正构烷烃为模型化合物,探索了不同碳数的长链正构烷烃临氢转化反应规律。结果表明,低温下不同碳数的正构烃都表现出较高的异构化选择性,改变反应温度使反应转化率控制在85%以下时,正构烷烃的异构化选择性可以达到90%左右;随着碳数和温度升高,正构烷烃由于发生明显的裂化反应导致转化率提高和异构化选择性降低。采用SAPO-11分子筛催化材料的双功能催化剂具有明显的产物择形异构效应,异构化产物以甲基位于端位和碳链中心的单侧链异构体为主,双(多)支链产物较少。长链正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的裂化反应在低转化率以加氢裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数呈均匀分布;在高转化率下以酸催化裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数分布呈现明显的不对称分布特征。     

固定床中CO气固相偶联反应制备草酸二乙酯的研究(英文)

研究了固定床中CO在双金属负载型催化剂Pd-Fe/Al2O3上气固相催化偶联反应制备草酸二乙酯的催化剂工程问题。其中对催化剂载体、活性组分负载量、不同含量的助剂和载体的焙烧温度进行了详细的研究。对催化剂进行了200倍放大制备,并于放大200倍的工业模式装置上用工业原料气进行了1000小时的连续运转考察。结果表明,CO总转化率接近100%,CO单程转化率大于60%,CO选择性大于　９５％　　,草酸二乙酯的空时收率大于600 g/(L cat.h)。     

超临界二氧化碳中马来酸锌催化合成环状碳酸酯

在超临界二氧化碳中, 利用马来酸锌催化二氧化碳与环氧化物反应合成环状碳酸酯. 单独使用马来酸锌作为催化剂时, 对二氧化碳与环氧丙烷反应的催化活性较低, 而在DBU、DMAP、三乙胺、吡啶、咪唑或4-氨基吡啶等有机碱的存在下, 反应活性较高, 产物的收率得到明显提高. 有机碱作用的强弱顺序为DBU>Et3N>咪唑>4-氨基吡啶>DMAP>吡啶. 在压力为8 MPa, 温度110 ℃, 反应时间48 h条件下, 马来酸锌与DBU组成的二元催化系统可以催化二氧化碳与环氧丙烷反应, 得到83.4%产率的碳酸丙烯酯. 该二元系统也能催化其它环氧化物高产率地转化为相应的环状碳酸酯.     

乙酸盐上二氧化碳和二醇合成环状碳酸酯

在乙腈体系中,以不同的乙酸盐作催化剂,研究了CO2与二醇合成环状碳酸酯的反应.乙腈在反应过程中不仅是溶剂,而且还起到了脱水剂的作用,促进了反应的进行.以1,2-丙二醇为反应物对催化剂进行筛选,发现无水乙酸锌具有最高的催化活性.在无水乙酸锌上考察了二氧化碳和不同二醇的反应,结果表明,五元环碳酸酯的产率明显高于六元环碳酸酯,其中碳酸丙烯酯的产率最高.以1,2-丙二醇为反应基质,无水乙酸锌为催化剂,确定了最佳反应条件,1,2-丙二醇100 mmol,乙睛10 mL,催化剂2.5 mmol,反应压力10 MPa,温度170 ℃,反应12 h.在此条件下,碳酸丙烯酯的产率达到了24.2%,1,2-丙二醇的转化率为38.9%.     

Polystyrene-supported Phenol/DMAP： an Efficient Binary Catalyst System for CO2 Fixation to Give Cyclic Carbonates

Polystyrene-supported phenol （PS-PhOH） was successfully synthesized by alkylation reaction of phenol with 2% DVB cross-linked chloromethylated polystyrene and characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. In conjunction with an organic base such as DMAP, DBU, triethylamine （Et3N）, diethylamine （Et2NH） or pyridine, the PS-PhOH could effectively catalyze the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxides to give cyclic carbonates in high yield and selectivity under mild conditions. The binary catalyst system of the PS-PhOH/DMAP was found to be the most active. The influence of reaction temperature, carbon dioxide pressure and reaction time on the yield of product was carefully investigated. The PS-PhOH could be recycled by simple filtration for at least up to ten times without loss of catalytic activity.     

Role of carbon dioxide in the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation coupled with reverse water–gas shift

The dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) to styrene (ST) in the presence of carbon dioxide instead of steam is believed to be an energy-saving and environmentally friendly process. However, the reaction mechanism for this coupling system still remains unclear. Therefore, the role of carbon dioxide was investigated by means of catalytic reactions and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide over a series of Fe and V supported catalysts as well as thermodynamic analysis. The results showed that the ethylbenzene conversion is associated with the conversion of carbon dioxide, and that there exists a synergistic effect between the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation and the reverse water–gas shift. However, the difference in the behaviour of the catalysts between the single reverse water–gas shift and the coupled ethylbenzene dehydrogenation may suggest that the catalysts are different in the reaction mechanisms for the coupled ethylbenzene dehydrogenation. Carbon dioxide can be activated through either basic sites or redox sites on the catalyst. Based on these results, the role of carbon dioxide and reaction mechanisms are proposed.     

反应气氛对Ca/ZSM-5上二甲醚转化制丙烯反应的影响

在连续流动固定床反应器上,以Ca/ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,考察了氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、合成气和水蒸气气氛对二甲醚制丙烯（DTP）反应催化剂的稳定性和丙烯选择性以及副产物选择性的影响,同时考察了失活催化剂再生后催化性能的变化。实验结果表明,反应气氛对DTP体系具有一定的影响。其中,以二氧化碳为反应气氛时催化剂稳定性最好,丙烯选择性最高,副产物选择性较低;一氧化碳、合成气、氮气的效果次之;水蒸气的效果最差。再生后催化剂的性能表明,CO₂作反应气氛对DTP生成有利。     

Dilute Methane Treatment by Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge: Effects of Water Vapor

Oxidation of dilute methane in oxygen containing mixtures by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge at moderate temperature (below 150°C) has been studied with regard to the effect of water vapor. First, the impact of water vapor on methane conversion was studied in nitrogen. In dry nitrogen, methane was converted into hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen in the absence of oxidant. When water was added, it both acted as a scavenger in competition with methane for reactive nitrogen species and changed the reaction product speciation from HCN to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The addition of water also led to the formation of hydrogen and nitrogen oxides. In the presence of oxygen, the addition of 1% water vapor enhanced methane conversion. Increasing water vapor content above 1% had a slight positive effect on methane conversion, and was found to enhance selectivity of the reaction products toward carbon dioxide over carbon monoxide.