Preparation of cage amine 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.3.1.1]undecane

Reaction between cage amine 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.1^3,8]dodecane (TATD) and ammonium fluoride affords 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.3.1.1^3,8]undecane, the missing link between 1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decane (urotropine) and TATD. The structure was established mainly from 2D NMR measurements.     

An NMR study of sequential intermediates and collateral products in the conversion of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.1]dodecane (TATD) to 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.3.1.1]undecane (TATU)

In situ ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the processes that occur during the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.3.1.1^3,8]undecane (TATU). NMR analysis showed a reaction mixture containing more than one compound. The production of these intermediates and collateral products was rationally supported by a careful ¹H NMR monitoring study. We characterized 1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (TABO, 4) and 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (AETABO, 7) by ¹H and ¹³C NMR in D₂O solution inside the NMR sample tube, as an intermediate and collateral product of the reaction, respectively. Further, a reaction of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.1^3,8]dodecane (TATD) with ¹⁵N-labeled ammonium chloride was carried out. The ¹⁵N NMR and GC-MS experiments indicated that ¹⁵N was incorporated into TATU, TABO, and urotropine.     

Synthesis of 4-azatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8] undecane (4-azahomoadamantane)

Efficient routes for the synthesis of 4-azahomoadamantane (V) via the Beckmann and Schmidt rearrangements are described. The lactam III is unusual in that it forms a stable crystalline hydrochloride IV.     

Synthesis of versatile bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane systems from tetrachlorocyclopropene

2,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,6-diene, derived in a single step from the cyclocondensation of furan and tetrachlorocylopropene, serves as a key intermediate for the construction of bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane synthons. Conversion to a meso-1,3 diketone is followed by a high yielding Robinson annulation reaction. Studies on the reduction of the enone product reveals a powerful preference for formation of the cis-ring fusion.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel fused porphyrinoids based on cyclic carbazole[2]indolones

The carbazole- and indolone-based porphyrinoids 3 and 4 were synthesized by stepwise transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Palladium metalation of 4 produced 4Pd, which exhibits near-infrared absorption.     

Enthalpies of solution of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.13,8]dodecane in aqueous solution as a function of concentration and temperature

Solution enthalpies of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.1^3,8]dodecane, TATD, in water were measured as a function of molal concentration at 278.15, 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K. Solvation enthalpies and the heat capacity of solution were calculated. The results show a structuring of solvent around the solute and the observed temperature dependency of the enthalpy of solvation permits the classification of TATD as being a “mixed solute”. The Scaled Particle Theory was employed for analyzing the individual contributions to the solvation enthalpy.     

Synthesis and properties of cobalt(III) complexes of 3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0,0]docosane

The octahedral cobalt(III) complexes, [Co(L)(int)₂]Cl · 3H₂O (1), [Co(L)(NCS)₂]NCS · H₂O (2) and [Co(L)(NCO)₂]NCO · H₂O (3) (L = 3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0^1.18,0^7.12]docosane, int = isonicotinate) were obtained by the reactions of [Co(L)Cl₂]Cl · 4H₂O with the corresponding ligands. The X-ray analysis of 1 shows that the complex has an octahedral geometry formed by coordination of four secondary amines of the macrocycle and two oxygen atoms of the axial isonicotinate ligands. Complex 2 also has an octahedral geometry with four secondary amines of the macrocycle and two nitrogen atoms of the axial thiocyanate ligands. Electronic spectra of the complexes also exhibit a low-spin octahedral geometry. Cyclic voltammetry of the complexes undergoes a one-electron wave corresponding to a Co^III/Co^II process. The electronic spectra and electrochemical behaviors of the complexes are significantly affected by the nature of the axial ligands.     

Synthesis and characterization of the substituted products from the reaction of a bulky phosphite with [Os3(CO)12]

Reaction of (acetonitrile)-undeca(carbonyl)-tri-osmium and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite yielded the phosphite clusters [Os₃(CO)₁₁L] (4) and [Os₃(CO)₁₀L₂] (5) [L = P(O-2,4- ^t Bu₂C₆H₃)₃]. These compounds were characterized spectroscopically and the molecular structure of 5 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, the first reported structural analysis of a tri-osmium cluster containing aromatic phosphite ligands. Compound 5 crystallized in the triclinic space group P 1, and revealed an equatorial trans–trans position of the bulky phosphite ligands.     

The reaction of dihydroxyacetone with ethanedithiol. Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of 1,4,7,10-tetrathiaspiro[5.5]undecane

Reaction of dihydroxyacetone with an excess of ethanedithiol in the presence of 10M hydrochloric acid gives 2,2-di(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dithiacyclopentane ( 1 ) in low yield. When boron trifluoride etherate is used instead of hydrochloric acid, the same reactants give 1,4,7,10-tetrathiaspiro[5. 5]undecane ( 3 ). The structure of the latter was established by X -ray crystallography. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2,/n, with a = 6.31(1), b = 21.57(2), c = 7.61(1)Å, β = 102.2(1)° and Z = 4, R = 0.038 for 2289 reflections. The two 1,4-dithiane rings in 3 are significantly more puckered than normal cyclohexane rings. The uv spectrum of 3 is consistent with values reported for other sulphides and with the X-ray structure.     

Structure of gas phase radical cation of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.1(3,8)] dodecane determined from zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy

We report gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy of the ground-state cation of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.1(3,8)]dodecane (TTD) using two-color two-photon zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy. From the distribution of active vibrational modes and comparisons between the experiment and theoretical simulation, we offer proof that the cationic state and the first electronically excited state have the same D(2d) symmetry.     

Synthesis of the enantiomers of 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 4-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspirol[5.5]undecane and 3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiroi[5.5]undecane : The components of the olive fruit fly pheromone

All of the enantiomers of the title compounds, the components of the pheromone of the olive fruit fly ($\text{Dacus}$$\text{oleae}$ Gmelin), were synthesized from ($\text{S}$)-malic acid.     

Synthesis and properties of 1,4,9-triazaspiro[5,5]undecane and 3,7,11-triazaspiro[5,6]dodecane

Bromination of 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxaldehyde gave 4-bromo-1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxaldehyde hydrobromide which was used to synthesize 1,4,9-triazaspiro[5,5]undecane and 3,7,11-triazaspiro[5,6]dodecane. Cyanoethylation and alkylation with various alkyl halides gave their mono- and di-substituted derivatives. The side chain nitrile group was reduced and the hydrazide was obtained from the ester analog.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1673–1676, December, 1986.     

Tricarbonylcyclohexadienyliumiron Complexes in the Synthesis of 2-Azaspiro[5.5]undecane System with Tunable Amide

Excellent regio- and stereoselectivity during nitrile addition to dienylium-Fe(CO)(3) can be achieved with perchlorate salts, allowing the preparation of the 1-oxo- and 3-oxo-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane ring systems. The phthalimide complex 2 was prepared in high yield by Mitsunobo reaction.     

Synthesis of the enantiomers of 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and 4-hydroxy 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane,the components of the olive fly pheromone

The enantiomers of the olive fly pheromone (1 and 4) were synthesized from ($\text{S}$)-malic acid in amounts sufficient for the biological test.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with the hexadentate ligand 2,13-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,01.18,07.12]docosane

The complexes [Ni(L²)]Cl₂·10H₂O (1), [Cu(L²)](ClO₄)₂·3H₂O (2), [Cu₂(L²)(H₂O)₂Cl₂]Cl₂ (3) and [Zn(L²)]Cl₂·10H₂O (4) (L²=2,13-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0^1.18,0^7.12]docosane) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, electronic absorption, ¹³C NMR and magnetic susceptiblity as well as cyclic voltammetry. The crystal structures of 1 and 4 show that the metal ion has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry with two nitrogen atoms of the pendant arms at the axial positions. However, 2 exhibits a square-planar geometry, coordinated by secondary and tertiary nitrogen donors of the macrocycle. Furthermore, 3 reveals a binuclear structure and a center of symmetry in which the each copper ion is coordinated by a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with an N₃Cl basal plane and a water molecule in the apical position. The magnetic behavior for 3 shows that a ferromagnetic interaction between the copper(II) ions is predominant at intermediate temperature and then a weaker antiferromagnetic coupling is involved at lower temperature. Cyclic voltammetric studies for 1–3 indicate that 1 undergoes quasi-reversible one-electron oxidation to the Ni(III) and reversible one-electron reduction to the Ni(I), 2 undergoes a irreversible one-electron reduction to the Cu(I) state, while 3 undergoes an overall quasi-reversible two-electron reduction to the binuclear Cu(I) complex.     

Kinetic and mechanism of pentacyanohydroxoferrate(III) formation from the reaction of [Fe2HPDTA(OH)2] with cyanide ions

Summary The kinetics and mechanism of exchange of HPDTA in [Fe₂HPDTA(OH)₂] with cyanide ion (HPDTA=2-hydroxytrimethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) was investigated spectrophotometrically by monitoring the peak at 395 nm ( _max of [Fe(CN)₅OH]^3– at pH=11.0±0.02,I=0.25m (NaClO₄) at ±0.1°C).Three distinct observable stages were identified; the first is the formation of [Fe(CN)₅OH]^3–, the second the formation of [Fe(CN)₆]^3– from it and the third the reduction of [Fe(CN)₆]^3– to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by HPDTA^4– released in the first stage.The first stage follows first-order kinetics in [Fe₂HPDTA(OH)₂] and second-order in [CN^–] over a wide range of [CN^–], but becomes zero order at [CN^–]<5×10^–2 m. We suggest a cyanide-independent dissociation of [Fe₂HPDTA)(OH)₂] into [FeHPDTA(OH)] and [Fe(OH)]²⁺ at low cyanide concentrations and a cyanide-assisted rapid dissociation of [Fe₂HPDTA(OH)₂] to [FeHPDTA(OH)(CN)]^3– and [Fe(OH)]²⁺ at higher cyanide concentrations. The excess of cyanide reacts further with [FeHPDTA(OH)(CN)]^3– finally to form [Fe(CN)₅OH]^3–.The reverse reaction between [Fe(CN)₅OH]^3– and HPDTA^4– is first-order in [Fe(CN)₅OH]^3– and HPDTA^4–, and exhibits inverse first-order dependence on cyanide concentration.A six-step mechanism is proposed for the first stage of reaction, with the fifth step as rate determining.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel calix[6]phyrin derivatives

Three novel calix[6]phyrin derivatives have been synthesized by reaction of corresponding tripyrrane with aromatic aldehyde. The reaction condition was optimized and the structures of these compounds have been characterized by NMR and MS.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel calix[4]arene piperazine derivative for the extraction of transition metals and dichromate ions

This article displays the synthesis of N-(2-tosylato)ethylpiperazine (ii) and 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis-(2-piprazinoethyl)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (3). Compounds (ii) and 3 were characterized through elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR and/or ¹³C NMR studies. The transition metal cations (Hg²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺) and dichromate anion were studied by liquid–liquid extraction experiment. The results showed that compound 3 has moderate but selective extraction ability for Hg²⁺ and dichromate anion. Comparison between extraction properties of compound 3 with previously reported 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(isoniazidylcarbonylmethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (4) and protonated pyridinium form of 4 (5) is also described.