Tetrabutylammonium iodide catalyzed hydroxylation of naphthoquinone derivatives with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant

We have developed an effective and environmentally benign procedure for the hydroxylation of naphthoquinone derivatives by using tetrabutylammonium iodide as a catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. This methodology provides a facile protocol for the synthesis of some new naphthoquinone-based hydroxylates in satisfactory yields and broad substrate scope. Based on this new protocol, the synthesis of the drug, parvaquone and lapachol, was achieved. Furthermore, based on the observations of control experiments and the results previously reported, we proposed a plausible mechanism for the hydroxylation of naphthoquinone derivatives.     

An unprecedented highly efficient solvent-free oxidation of alkynes to α,β-acetylenic ketones with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by water-soluble copper complex

The catalytic system composed of CuCl₂ and 2,2′-biquinoline-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dipotassium salt (BQC) was found to be highly efficient for the selective α-oxidation of internal alkynes to the corresponding α,β-acetylenic ketones, with aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide under mild conditions. For the first time, full conversions of alkynes were reached with excellent selectivities, and propargylic tert-butylperoxy ethers were observed and suggested as the reaction intermediates. In the case of terminal alkynes, the oxidations are sluggish and low yields ranging from 32% to 40% were obtained.     

Regioselective iodination of aromatic compounds with potassium iodide in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium perchlorate

A simple and efficient method for the selective iodination of various aromatic compounds by using potassium iodide in the presence of benzyltnphenylphosphonium perchlorate,is reported.This method provides several advantages such as good selectivity between ortho and para positions of aromatic compounds and high yields of the products.     

Cobalt-catalyzed stereoselective iodosulfonylation and diiodination of alkynes via oxidation of potassium iodide in air

Cobalt-catalyzed iodosulfonylation of alkynes can be achieved using sodium sulfinates in the presence of KI. This procedure produces numerous stereoselective (E)-β-iodoalkenyl sulfones with good yields and suppresses the formation of diiodoalkenes. Furthermore, when this reaction is performed in the absence of sodium sulfinates, the expected (E)-diiodoalkenes are obtained.     

Synthesis,characterization and pronounced epoxidation activity of cis-dioxo-molybdenum(VI) tridentate Schiff base complexes using tert-butyl hydroperoxide

The synthesis and catalytic performance of novel cis-dioxo-Mo(VI) complexes containing simple ONO tridentate Schiff base ligands in the epoxidation of various olefins using tert-butyl hydroperoxide in desired times with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity have been described. The study of turnover numbers and the UV–Vis spectra of the Mo complexes in the present epoxidation system indicate well the high efficiency and stability of the catalysts during the reaction. The electron-deficient and bulky groups on the salicylidene ring of the ligand promote the effectiveness of the catalyst.     

Aryl diazonium nanomagnetic sulfate and potassium iodide: an iodination process

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of iodoarenes is developed which involves the sequential diazotization–iodination of aromatic amines with sodium nitrite, nanomagnetic supported sulfonic acid, and potassium iodide under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.     

A new and highly efficient water-soluble copper complex for the oxidation of secondary 1-heteroaryl alcohols by tert-butyl hydroperoxide

The water-soluble copper complex generated in situ from CuCl₂ and 2,2′-biquinoline-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dipotassium salt (BQC), has been revealed as a highly efficient and selective catalyst for the oxidation of secondary 1-heteroaryl alcohols to the corresponding heteroaromatic ketones with aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide, under mild conditions. The catalytic system is compatible with different heterocycles such as pyridines, pyrroles, indoles, thiophens, furans, thiazoles, and imidazoles.     

Half-sandwich molybdenum complexes: molecular structure and catalyst precursors for olefin epoxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide

1. Download high-res image (129KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

Sulfide oxygenation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide with mononuclear (Me3TACN)Mn catalysts

Mononuclear (Me₃TACN)MnX₃ compounds, where X is Cl⁻, Br⁻, or N₃⁻, and Me₃TACN is 1,4,7-N,N′,N″-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, have been tested for catalyzing both sulfide oxygenation and styrene epoxidation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and display turnover frequencies (TOF) up to 200 h⁻¹ at room temperature. Sulfoxides or sulfones may be produced selectively by varying reaction conditions. Product distribution from the oxygenation reactions of ethyl phenyl sulfide, 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide, and styrene is consistent with a mechanism involving an early single-electron transfer (SET) step.     

CuCl catalyzed oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide under mild conditions

Oxidation of aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids can be performed highly efficiently at room temperature with 70% tert-butyl hydroperoxide (in water) in the presence of a catalytic amount of easily available ligand free CuCl in acetonitrile as solvent under very mild conditions. This oxidation protocol works well for various aldehydes including aliphatic aldehydes and aliphatic dialdehydes.     

The cycloaddition reactions of 2-ethoxy-3-phenylvinylketene iron(0) with alkynes to yield catechol derivatives

Tricarbonyl(3-ethoxy-4-phenyl-1-oxa-1,2,4-pentatrienone) iron(0) reacts with a variety of electron deficient and electron rich alkynes to produce catechol monoethyl ethers in moderate to good yield. Steric hindrance of the alkyne often exerts a stronger influence than electronic factors in determining the product distribution. The reaction with several alkyl, silyl, and aryl alkynes produced alkyne trimers as the major products.     

CuCl catalyzed selective oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids with tert-butyl hydroperoxide at room temperature

Direct oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids is performed highly efficiently at room temperature with anhydrous tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of easily available CuCl under ligand free conditions in acetonitrile. Benzylic alcohols are more reactive than aliphatic alcohols, and these benzylic alcohols are selectively oxidized to the corresponding acids in the presence of aliphatic alcohols such as 1-octanol and 1-decanol.     

A simple, efficient, and highly selective method for the iodination of alcohols using ZrCl4/NaI

Iodination of primary, secondary, allylic, and benzylic alcohols giving their corresponding iodides was achieved with ZrCl₄/NaI in anhydrous CH₃CN with excellent yields and selectivities.     

An efficient and regioselective iodination of electron-rich aromatic compounds using N-chlorosuccinimide and sodium iodide

An efficient and regioselective method for iodination of electron-rich aromatic compounds was found using N-chlorosuccinimide and sodium iodide in AcOH with short reaction times. This method is also applicable to non-benzenoid aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds.     

Mild and efficient silylation of alcohols and phenols with HMDS using Bi(OTf)3 under solvent-free condition

A very efficient and mild silylation of alcohols and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) at rt is developed using Bi(OTf)₃ as the catalyst. Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols as well as phenols are excellently converted into corresponding TMS ethers in a very short reaction time. This procedure can also be applied to large scale silylation for industrial application.     

Stereoselective synthesis of isoindolinones and tert-butyl sulfoxides

A reaction of Grignard reagents with an optically pure N-sulfinylimine derived from methyl 2-formylbenzoate yields enantioenriched isoindolinones and tert-butyl sulfoxides. The products are formed by the addition of the nucleophile to N-sulfinylimine followed by cyclization to form N-tert-butylsulfinylisoindolinone, which readily undergoes substitution with a second equivalent of Grignard reagent. The reaction can be carried out in dichloromethane at room temperature or at elevated temperatures without any loss of stereoselectivity. The use of nucleophiles other than Grignard reagents has also been investigated.     

Boron trichloride as an efficient and selective agent for deprotection of tert-butyl aryl sulfonamides

A fast, mild and selective method for deprotection of tert-butyl aryl sulfonamides utilizing BCl₃ as deprotection reagent has been developed. A variety of tert-butyl aryl sulfonamides used under these conditions gave the corresponding primary sulfonamides in high yields. The method does not cleave methoxy groups and prevents incorporation of tert-butyl groups onto electron-rich aromatic rings.     

An economic and efficient tetrahydrofuranylation of alcohols, imines and alkynes

The tetrahydrofuranyl radical, generated by heating tetrahydrofuran in the presence of air and allyl or benzyl chloride, becomes a useful tool in order to transform the hydroxyl functions into ethers, or the CN double bond into amine, or the C-C triple bond into vinyl derivatives. A radical mechanism is proposed followed by a nucleophilic substitution for the alcohol substrate and a radical addition for the iminic and the acetylenic reactants.     

m-Iodosylbenzoic acid, a tagged hypervalent iodine reagent for the iodo-functionalization of alkenes and alkynes

An efficient and facile method for the iodo-functionalization of alkenes 5 and alkynes 6 by using recyclable m-iodosylbenzoic acid (2) was developed. The final products can be easily isolated without any chromatographic purification by simple treatment of the crude mixture with an anionic exchange resin. Unreacted m-iodosylbenzoic acid and reduced m-iodobenzoic acid are effectively recovered from the resin by acidification with hydrochloric acid.     

Molybdenum hexacarbonyl supported on functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes: Efficient and highly reusable catalysts for epoxidation of alkenes with tert-butyl hydroperoxide

In the present work, highly efficient epoxidation of alkenes catalyzed by Mo(CO)₆ supported on amines modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs, is reported. The prepared catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopic methods. These new heterogenized catalysts, [Mo(CO)₆@amines-MWCNT], were used as highly efficient catalysts for epoxidation of alkenes with tert-BuOOH. These robust catalysts could be reused several times without loss of their catalytic activities.