Synthesis,properties and application of novel 5,6,5,6-tetracyclic pyrazine/pyrrole-fused unsymmetric bis(BF2) fluorescent dyes: BOPYPYs

Novel 5,6,5,6-tetracyclic pyrazine/pyrrole-fused unsymmetric bis(BF₂) fluorescent dyes (BOPYPYs) were obtained by reaction of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde with 1-(pyrazin-2-yl)hydrazine in the presence of Et₃N-BF₃·Et₂O for the first time. The absorption maxima of pyrazine-fused BOPYPY are obviously bathochromic shifts, in contrast to those of the reported BOPPY, indicating that the discrepant substitute groups between pyridine and pyrazine result in the remarkable wavelength difference. The new series of BOPYPYs possess high molar extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields, and larger Stokes shifts. A Knoevenagel reaction of BOPYPY with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde smoothly produced the dye with the extension of π-conjugation. Dimethylamino-containing BOPYPY as a pH-responsive fluorescent sensor could detect pH value.     

Synthesis and characterization of isomanolonitrile dithiolato palladium complexes. Crystal structure of (PPh3)2Pd(S2C4N2) and (Et4N)2WS4Pd(S2C4N2)

A series of isomalononitrile dithiolato palladium complexes, (PPh₃)₂Pd(1-mnt) (1), [P(OPh)₃]₂Pd(i-mnt) (2), (PPh₃)(py)Pd(i-mnt)·CH₃CN (4), (Et₄N)₂Pd(i-mnt)₂ (4) and (Ph₄As)₂Pd(i-mnt)₂ (5) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The reaction between (Et₄N)₂Pd(i-mnt)₂ (4) and (Et₄N)₂WS₄ gave a mixed metal cluster (Et₄N)₂WS₄Pd(i-mnt) (6). The crystallographically determined structures of 1 and 6 are reported.     

Triphosphane formation from the terminal zirconium phosphinidene complex [Cp2Zr=PDmp(PMe3)] (Dmp=2,6-Mes2C6H3) and crystal structure of DmpP(PPh2)2

The new terminal phosphinidene complex [Cp₂Zr=PDmp(PMe₃)] (Dmp=2,6-Mes₂C₆H₃; 1) was prepared in 81% yield by the reaction of [Li(Et₂O)][P(H)Dmp] with [Cp₂Zr(Me)Cl] in the presence of excess PMe₃. Compound 1 reacts with Ph₂PCl to produce selectively the sterically congested triphosphane DmpP(PPh₂)₂ (2) and [Cp₂ZrCl₂] in high yields. The structure of 2 obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis of a single crystal reveals phosphorus–phosphorus bond lengths of 2.251(2) and 2.234(2) Å and a PPP bond angle of 105.46(6)°.     

Cu对离子液体异丁烷/丁烯烷基化反应选择性的影响研究

合成并表征了[BMIm]Cl-1.8AlCl3-0.5CuCl、[Et3NH]Cl-1.8AlCl3/CuAlCl4等离子液体,考察了含Cu离子液体等酸性催化剂中的异丁烷/丁烯烷基化反应,研究了Cu对离子液体烷基化选择性的影响。结果表明,Cu的引入对离子液体酸性的影响较小,不是反应选择性提高的主要原因,而烷基化过程中CuAlCl5-/CuAlCl4等配合物的存在,以及它们对2-丁烯的络合吸附是改善离子液体催化选择性的关键因素。相同反应条件下,[Et3NH]Cl-1.8AlCl3/CuAlCl4、[BMIm]Cl-1.8AlCl3/CuAlCl4等催化剂的三甲基戊烷选择性最高可达87.5%(质量分数),产物辛烷值100.5,明显优于硫酸、常规氯铝酸离子液体和复合离子液体等烷基化汽油辛烷值。     

Reactions of the cationic diruthenium carbonyl complex [Ru2(μ-dppm)2(CO)4(μ,η-O2CMe)] with bidentate ligands; intramolecularly assisted stereospecific synthesis via the second-sphere face-to-face π–π stacking interactions

The reactions of the diruthenium carbonyl complexes [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(CO)₄(μ,η²-O₂CMe)]X (X=BF₄⁻ (1a) or PF₆⁻ (1b)) with neutral or anionic bidentate ligands (L,L) afford a series of the diruthenium bridging carbonyl complexes [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-(L,L))₂]X_n ((L,L)=acetate (O₂CMe), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), acetylacetonate (acac), 8-quinolinolate (quin); n=0, 1, 2). Apparently with coordination of the bidentate ligands, the bound acetate ligand of [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(CO)₄(μ,η²-O₂CMe)]⁺ either migrates within the same complex or into a different one, or is simply replaced. The reaction of [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(CO)₄(μ,η²-O₂CMe)]⁺ (1) with 2,2′-bipyridine produces [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-O₂CMe)₂] (2), [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-O₂CMe)(η²-bpy)]⁺ (3), and [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-bpy)₂]²⁺ (4). Alternatively compound 2 can be prepared from the reaction of 1a with MeCO₂H–Et₃N, while compound 4 can be obtained from the reaction of 3 with bpy. The reaction of 1b with acetylacetone–Et₃N produces [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-O₂CMe)(η²-acac)] (5) and [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-acac)₂] (6). Compound 2 can also react with acetylacetone–Et₃N to produce 6. Surprisingly [Ru₂(μ-dppm)₂(μ-CO)₂(η²-quin)₂] (7) was obtained stereospecifically as the only one product from the reaction of 1b with 8-quinolinol–Et₃N. The structure of 7 has been established by X-ray crystallography and found to adopt a cis geometry. Further, the stereospecific reaction is probably caused by the second-sphere π–π face-to-face stacking interactions between the phenyl rings of dppm and the electron-deficient six-membered ring moiety of the bound quinolinate (i.e. the N-included six-membered ring) in 7. The presence of such interactions is indeed supported by an observed charge-transfer band in a UV–vis spectrum.     

Dehydrocoupling reactions of amines with silanes catalyzed by [(Et2N)3U][BPh4]

Dehydrocoupling reactions of primary amines RNH₂ with PhSiH₃ were catalyzed by [(Et₂N)₃U][BPh₄] to give the corresponding aminosilanes PhSiH_3−n(NHR)_n (n=1–3), the relative yields of the products were found to be dependent on the experimental conditions and on the nature of R. For a primary silane (PhSiH₃), the reactivity of RNH₂ follows the order primary>secondary>tertiary. Similar dehydrocoupling reactions using secondary amines with secondary silanes were found to be less reactive. Homodehydrocoupling of the silane was found not to be a competing reaction at room temperature. The hydride [(RNH)₂UH][BPh₄], which is plausibly formed in the reaction of [(RNH)₃U][BPh₄] with PhSiH₃ is a likely intermediate in the catalytic cycle.     

苯二甲酰基桥联铁硫配合物[(μ-RS)Fe2(CO)6]2(μ-OCC6H4CO-μ)的合成及表征

通过由Fe₃(CO)₁₂、RSH和Et₃N所形成的[(μ-CO)(μ-RS)Fe₂(CO)₆]Et₃NH于室温下分别与对或间苯二甲酰氯的原位反应,首次合成6个结构新颖的苯二甲酰基桥联铁硫配合物[(μ-RS)·Fe₂(CO)₆]₂(μ-p-OCC₆H₄CO-p-μ)(R=Et,n-Bu,t-Bu)以及[(μ-RS)Fe₂(CO)₆]₂(μ-m-OCC₆H₄CO-m-μ)(R=n-Pr,n-Bu,t-Bu).经元素分析、IR光谱及¹HNMR表征了它们的结构,并讨论了产物的生成过程.此外,还提出了合成对苯二甲酰氯的一种新方法.     

Assembly of molecular squares and helical chain polymers of Mo(W)/Cu/S clusters using thiolato ligands as linkers

Reactions between thiomolybdate or thiotungstate [Et₄N]₂[MS₄] (M = Mo, W) and CuSBu^t led to the formation of two novel Mo(W)/Cu/S clusters [Et₄N]₄[{MS₄Cu₂(μ-SBu^t)}₄] (1, M = Mo; 2, M = W). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that 2 is the first example of a molecular square containing CuS₂WS₂Cu building blocks. The reactions of [Et₄N]₂[MS₄] with CuCl followed by the addition of K₂SSS (SSS = 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiolate) yielded novel polymers {[Et₄N]₂[MS₄Cu₂(SSS)]}_n (3, M = Mo; 4, M = W). Crystal structure determination shows that the CuS₂WS₂Cu building blocks in the anion of 4 are bridged by SSS²⁻ ligands to produce a helical chain running down the crystallographic b axis.     

Organonickel chemistry in the catalytic hydrodechlorination of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs): ligand steric effects and molecular structure of reaction intermediates

Soluble homogeneous organophosphorus—nickel complexes have been used to detoxify polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by catalyzed hydrodechlorination using NaBH₂(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂ as the hydrogen source. The reactions appear to proceed by NiL₃ oxidative addition into C---Cl bonds followed by hydrogenolysis of the metal---carbon bond. In model experiments with decachlorobiphenyl, the cone angle of the organophosphorus ligand L was shown to be a key factor controlling the magnitude and position of chlorine displacement. Hence, ligands leading to para displacement (e.g. (o-MeC₆H₄O)₃P), meta—para displacement (e.g. (EtO)₃P and (PhO)₃P), and ortho—meta—para displacement (e.g. Me₃P and Et₃P) were found. Significantly, the highly toxic, coplanar dioxin precursor 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, a meta—para chlorine-substituted congener, was dechlorinated quantitatively with the Et₃P catalyst system. Evidence for the presence of organonickel intermediates in the reaction mixtures was obtained by mass spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies. Of particular interest is the isolation of square planar complexes p-C₆Cl₅C₆Cl₄Ni(PEt₃)₂Cl from the reaction of decachlorobiphenyl with NaBH₂(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂—(Et₃P)₂NiCl₂ as the catalyst precursor and m-C₆Cl₅C₆Cl₄Ni(PEt₃)₂Cl from decachlorobiphenyl—Ni(1,5-C₈H₁₂)₂—PEt₃ at room temperature. All are oxidative addition intermediates and precursors for decachlorobiphenyl hydrodechlorination.     

The crystal structure of (η-C6Me6)Ti[(μ-Cl)2(AlClEt)]2 and the catalytic activity of the (C6Me6)TiAl2Cl8−xEtx(x = 0---4) complexes towards butadiene

The composition of (C₆Me₆)TiAl₂Cl_8−xEt_x complexes in (C₆Me₆)TiAl₂Cl₈ + n Et₃Al (n = 0.5-6) systems was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the X-ray crystal structure of one of them, (η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ti[(μ-Cl)₂(AlClEt)]₂ (IIa-2), has been determined. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna2₁ with Z = 4 and lattice parameters a 15.634(3), b 11.355(2), c 14.417(2) Å. The ethyl groups of IIa-2 reside in outer positions of aluminate ligands farther away from the C₆Me₆ ligand. The other part of the complex does not differ remarkably from structures of other (arene)Ti^II complexes. Negligible activity of (C₆Me₆)TiAl₂Cl₈ towards the butadiene cyclotrimerization is considerably increased by addition of 2.5–3.0 equivalents of Et₃Al. As follows from UV-Vis spectra, such systems contain mainly the (C₆Me₆)TiAl₂Cl₅Et₃ complex. It is suggested that the introduction of three Et substituents destabilizes the Ti-(η⁶-C₆Me₆) bond so that the replacement of hexamethylbenzene by butadiene in the first step of a catalytic cycle becomes more feasible.     

Effects of Lewis acids on higher order, mixed cuprate couplings

The presence of BF₃·Et₂O in reactions of R₂Cu(CN)Li₂ and R_T(2-thienyl)Cu(CN)Li₂ with epoxides and ,β-unsaturated ketones leads to dramatic enhancements in reaction rates and/or product yields relative to those observed in the absence of this lewis Acid.     

Epoxy ether cleaving reactions catalyzed by supporting Lewis acidic ionic liquid

Lewis acidic ionic liquids were used to catalyze the reaction of epoxypropane with POCl₃.Considering the lower cost and catalytic activities,we concluded that[Et₃NH]Cl/AlCl₃ was the most attractive ionic liquid from an economical point of view.But it would be easily inactivated because of sensitive to water and air.Moreover,it could not be reused easily because of difficulty recovery in the reaction.However,supporting[Et₃NH]Cl/AlCl₃ catalyst could resolve above problems.Supporting[Et₃NH]Cl/ AlCl₃ catalyst could be separated by filter easily and reused 5 times in 98%yield.Furthermore,the catalyst was applicable to other epoxy ether cleaving reactions.     

[(Me3Sn)2(Me3Sb)M(CN)6]∞ (M = Fe, Ru): Neuartige Organo-Sn/Sb-Polymere von besonderer chemischer und thermischer stabilität

The thermally (decomp. temp. 300°C) and completely air stable, novel coordination polymers [(Me₃Sn^IV)₂(Me₃Sb^V)M^II(CN)₆]_∞ with M = Fe and Ru can be prepared by co-precipitation from aqueous solutions of Me₃SnCl, Me₃SbBr₂ and K₄[(M(CN)₆], or, alternatively, by the ion-exchange-like reaction of the polymers [A(Me₃Sn)₃M(CN)₆]_∞ (A⁺ = Et₄N⁺, Cp₂Co⁺, Me₃Sn⁺ etc.) with Me₃SbBr₂. IR-spectroscopic findings suggest a statistical distribution of quasi-octahedral M(CN-Sn··)_6-x(CNSb ··)_x building blocks (with x = 0–6) within a three-dimensional network.     

Synthèses de 3-silyl et de 3-germyl 1-sila et 1-germacyclopent-3-ènes

The synthesis of allylic sila (and germa) cyclopentenes containing an Et₃M (M = Si, Ge) group in vinylic position is described. 1-Germacyclopent-3-enes 3-silylated (IIIa) and 3-germylated (IIIb) result from 1,4-cycloaddition of GeI₂ to the corresponding 2-metallated 1,3-dienes (II). 3-Metallated 1-silacyclopent-3-enes (IIIc–IIIf) are obtained by two methods. One involves the reaction of dienes II with Me₂SiCl₂ and Mg, leading to compounds IIIc (M = Si) and IIId (M = Ge). The other method corresponds to the trichlorosilylation (HSiCl₃, Et₃N, ε Cu₂Cl₂) of dichlorinated compounds I resulting from cis-addition of Et₃MH to cis-1,4-dichlorobutyne. From the two trichlorosilylated derivatives IV and V, formed in S_N2 and S_N2′ reactions, only the 1-trichlorosilyl 2-triethylsilyl (and germyl) 4-chlorobut-2-enes (IV) give, in the presence of magnesium, the 1,1-dichloro 3-triethylsilyl (and germyl) 1-silacyclopent-3-enes (IIIe and IIIf).

Abstract

Nous décrivons la synthèse de sila (et germa) cyclopentènes allyliques (III) renfermant le groupe Et₃M (M = Si, Ge) en position vinylique. Les 1-germacyclopent-3-ènes 3-silylés (IIIa) et 3-germylés (IIIb) sont obtenus par réaction de cycloaddition-1,4 de GeI₂ sur les diènes 2-métallés (II) correspondants. Les 1-silacyclopent-3-ènes métallés (IIIc–IIIf) sont préparés selon deux méthodes. L'une, mettant en jeu les diènes II et le couple Me₂SiCl₂ Mg, conduit aux cycles IIIc (M = Si) et IIId (M = Ge). L'autre méthode consiste à effectuer la réaction de trichlorosilylation (HSiCl₃, Et₃N, ε Cu₂Cl₂) des dérivés dichlorés I qui résultent de la cis-addition de Et₃MH au cis-1,4-dichlorobutyne. Des deux dérivés trichlorosilylés IV et V formés à l'issue des réactions S_N2 et S_N2′, seuls les 1-trichlorosilyl 2-triéthylsilyl (et germyl) 4-chlorobut-2-ènes (IV) conduisent, après cyclisation par le magnésium, aux 1,1-dichloro-3-triéthylsilyl (et germyl) 1-silacyclopent-3-enes (IIIe et IIIf).     

Synthesis and structure of a new selenium-bridged tungsten cluster, [W3Se7(S2P(OEt)2)3]Br

[W₃Se₇(S₂P(OEt)₂)₃]Br was prepared by reacting (Et₄N)₂W₃Se₇Br₆ with KS₂P (OEt)₂ in CH₃CN and its crystal structure determined. In the [W₃(μ₃-Se)(μ₂-Se₂)₃]⁴⁺ core the W---W bond length is 2.755(5)-2.764(6) Å and the Se---Se bond length is 2.32(1)- 2.34(4) Å.     

Synthesis, structure and ethylene polymerization behavior of zirconium complexes with chelating ketoiminate ligands

Mixed ketoiminate/ketoimine/pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) complex of zirconium, [(η⁵-Cp*){CH₃C(O)CHC(NHR)CH₃}{CH₃C(O)CHC(NR)CH₃}ZrCl₂] (R=4-CF₃Ph) (3) has been prepared in high yield by the reaction of one equivalent of 4-CF₃-phenyl-β-ketoimine (1a) and one equivalent of lithium 4-CF₃-phenyl-β-ketoiminate (2a) with one equivalent of Cp*ZrCl₃ in Et₂O. Bis(ketoiminate)zirconium dichloride complexes, 4 and 6, have been also prepared in high yield by the reaction of amine elimination of ketoimine ligands, respectively 1a and 1b, with Zr(NMe₂)₄ and followed by chlorination reaction with TMSCl. The X-ray crystallography reveals that the compound 3 is based on distorted octahedral geometry containing a ketoimine and a ketoiminate. The ketoiminate ligand coordinates to the zirconium as a bidentate ligand, leaving the metal center coordinatively unsaturated and thus leading to an additional binding of a ketoimine ligand to the metal to stabilize the complex 3. The zirconium complexes 3, 4 and 6 provide the moderate activity for the polymerization of ethylene in the presence of MMAO cocatalyst. Low molecular weight and high density polyethylene was obtained.     

Reaction of diazonium salts with transition metals : X. Formylation of arenediazonium salts with carbon monoxide and silyl hydrides under palladium catalysis

Arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates (ArN₂BF₄ where Ar = X-C₆H₄; X = H, 2-Me, 3-Me, 4-Me, 4-MeO, 4-MeCO, 4-EtOCO, 2-Ph, 2-Cl, 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 4-Br, 4-I, 3-NO₂ and 4-NO₂) were easily converted to aromatic aldehydes (ArCHO) in good yields through the palladium-catalyzed reaction with CO and Et₃SiH or polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) at room temperature.     

DEPROTECTION OF ACETALS AND KETALS WITH CpTiCl_3-KI

When the mixture of CpTiCl_3-KI is used, many acetals and ketals, which are difficuitly deprotected with CpTiCl_3 alone, can be easily converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yield at 30℃ in Et_2O.     

Anchimeric assistance by γ-substituents Z, Z=MeO, PhO, MeS or PhS, in reactions of the bromides (Me3Si)2(ZMe2Si)CSiMe2Br with AgBF4

The new organosilicon bromides (Me₃Si)₂(ZMe₂Si)CSiMe₂Br with Z=PhO or MeS have been prepared and new spectroscopic data obtained for the previously reported compounds with Z=H, F, Br, Me, Ph, MeO or PhS. Competitions between pairs of bromides for a deficiency of AgBF₄ in Et₂O, with the determination of the ratio of the fluoride products by ¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopy, have led to the following approximate relative reactivities of the bromides and so to the relative abilities of the γ-Z groups to provide anchimeric assistance to the leaving of Br⁻ in this reaction: Me, 1; Ph, 40; PhO, 3400; PhS, 5000; MeS, 7000; MeO, 54 000. In methanolysis in CH₂Cl₂, (Me₃Si)₂(MeOMe₂Si)CSiMe₂Cl has been found to be roughly 120 times as reactive as (Me₃Si)₂(PhOMe₂Si)CSiMe₂Cl. Combination of the results with previously available information suggests the following approximate order of ability of γ-groups Z to provide anchimeric assistance in reactions at the Si---X bonds in compounds (Me₃Si)₂(ZMe₂Si)CSiMe₂X: OCOMe>OMe>OCOCF₃>MeS>PhS, PhO>N₃, Cl>NCS>Ph>CH=CH₂>Me.     

Preparation of novel aluminohydride complexes of ruthenium(II)

Treatment of (η⁵-C₅Me₅)RuCl₂(PR₃) (1) with LiAlH₄ in diethyl ether gives the ruthenium(II) tetrahydroaluminate complexes, (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ru(AlH₄)(PR₃) (2) (R₃ = Me₃, Et₃, ⁱPr₃, Ph₂Me, Ph₃), which can be quantitatively converted to the trihydriodurthenium(IV) complexes (η⁵-C₅Me₅)RuH₃(PR₃) (4), via protonolysis either by reaction with ethanol or by filtration through alumina. Low-temperature ¹H NMR studies suggest the fluxionality of complexes 2 in solution at ambient temperature.