胶束液相色谱法

表面活性剂分子是一种两亲分子,其聚集体称为胶束,具有增溶作用。许多疏水性物质都能增溶于其非极性区。胶束的这种特殊性质,近年来被广泛应用于多种分离与分析方法中。如胶束增溶分光光度法,以及应用胶束以改进滴定分析、光谱分析和电化学分析等。本文将着重介绍胶束液相色谱法(Miccllar Liquid chromatography,MLC)。     

LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

"Their book is a most useful resource for approaching a large literature that even a specialist needs help to assimilate. It covers many widely separated areas - synthetic chemistry to theoretical physics, fundamental science to applications."     

液/液界面新溶剂体系的电化学研究

用循环伏安法测定了离子在水-异硫氰酸烯丙脂(AIT)体系中的标准转移Gibbs能△_o~w G_(tr,i)~0。对含有AIT的混合溶剂的研究, 发现了一系列电位窗比较宽的水/有机溶剂体系, 讨论了溶剂效应对△_o~w G_(tr,i)~0的影响。     

ION TRANSFER OF BROMOCRESOL PURPLE ACROSS THE LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES

In this paper, the ion transfer process of bromocresol purple(BCP) across the liquid/liquid interface has been described. The effects of the supporting eletrolyte in two phases and solvent on the transfer behavior of bromocresol purple have been investigated in detail and the relationship between the ion transfer and concentration of electrolytes in the organic phase is explained in terms of the dissociation of TBA~+ anti TPB~- in the organic phase. The proposed transfer mechanism for BCP has been proved to be reasonable by UV-spectroscopy of the products of the electrolysis in aqueous phase. The standard potential differences △_0~wφ~0 and standard Gibbs energies △_0~WG~0 of BCP transfer from water to some organic solvents are calculated. The dissociation constants of BCP obtained are in agreement with the literature values.     

热致型光敏液晶高分子在液晶场中光交联反应的研究

研究了具有肉桂酸酯侧链基的热致型液晶高分子的光交联行为．结果表明，在２０ｍｉｎ紫外光照射的条件下，形成液晶相的液晶高分子膜的光交联凝胶百分率要明显高于尚未形成液晶相的同种高分子膜．对形成液晶相的高分子膜，在环境温度低于液晶各向同性温度Ｔ时，温度对光交联凝胶百分率的影响甚微．这表明，由于液晶高分子中致介单元的聚集和有序排列形成的微区结构也影响了大分子链侧基肉桂酸酯的聚集状态．从而使其光化学性质发生变化．     

水、低碳醇与环己烷间的液-液平衡的测定与推算

用浊点法与折光分析相结合的方法测定了水-异丁醇-环己烷三元系(体系Ⅰ)30℃下的液-液平衡相图。用色谱分析方法测定了水-若干低碳醇(体系Ⅱ)及水-低碳醇-环己烷(体系Ⅲ)的液-液平衡关系。用UNIQUAC模型预测,实测值与计算值平均偏差对体系Ⅰ为0.49%(mol,下同),对体系Ⅱ为O.71%。体系Ⅲ为1.07%。     

SOLUBILIZATION IN LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Solubilization in non-aqeuous lyotropic liquid crystals was investigated by determination of the stability region of a lamellar liquid crystal in systems of triethanolamine (TEA), dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) and a series of solvents.

The solubilization maximum was moved towards higher OBSA/TEA ratios for polar solvents and the reverse for non-polar ones. The solvents caused the maximum increase of interlayer spacing when added.     

液体端伯胺基聚丁二烯的制备

在烃类溶剂中,聚丁二烯基锂用2—3倍当量的N-乙酰氮丙啶处理后,继以水解、分离,从而得到液态端伯氨基聚丁二烯。产物的分子量(约为3000)和官能度(约为2)迟到预期结果,在聚丁二烯主链中,总1-4单元占90％以上,其中顺式构型约占三分之一。     

ADVANCES IN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYESTERS

Advances have been made in understanding the interactions of composition, molecular weight, liquid crystallinity,orientation, and three-dimensional crystallinity on the properties of injection-molded and melt-spun liquid crystalline polyesters (LCP's). Two classes of potentially low-cost LCP's were compared:(1) semiflexible LCP's prepared from 1,6-hexanediol and the dimethyl ester of either trans-4, 4'stilbenedicarboxylic acid or 4.4 ' biphenyldicarboxylic acid and (2) all-aromatic LCP's prepared from terephthalic acid, 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, the diacetate of hydroquinone, and the acetate of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The effects of composition on the plastic properties of the 4-component all-aromatic LCP's were determined with the aid of a 3 x 3 factorial statistically designed experiment, the generation of equations with a computer program, and the plotting of three-dimensional figures and contour diagrams. The effects of absolute molecular weight (M_w) on the tensile strengths of the semiflexible LCP's and one of the all-aromatic LCP's having an excellent balance of plastic properties were also compared, and it was observed that the semiflexible LCP's required M_w's about 4 times higher than the all-aromatic LCP to attain a given strength. Persistence lengths and molecular modeling were used to explain these differences.     

KINETICS OF ION TRANSFER ACROSS LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACE BY CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRY WITH LINEAR CURRENT SCANNING

The equation of the potential-current curve for the ion transfer across the liquid/liquid interface during the linear current scanning has been derived theoretically. A method to calculate the kinetics parameters for the ion transfer by the way of linear current scanning is presented. The transfer of TPAs~+ ions, which is a typical basic electrolyte ion usually used in liquld/liquid interface electrochemistry, was practically investigated at the water/nitrobenzene interface.     

THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS-SOLID STATE POLYMORPHISM

This paper offers some new evidence on the polymorphism of solid state of liquid crystalline aromatic copolyesters which were prepared in our laboratory. The effects of different treatment conditions(quenching and annealing) on solid structure have been examined mainly by DSC and X-ray diffraction. The discussion focuses on the supercooled mesophase and low temperature solid-solid transition, the shifting of double melting peaks of annealed samples and the changing of their ΔH data depending on the treatment temperature, time and thermal scanning rate.     

端羟基液体聚丁二烯的流变性质

本文研究了端羟基液体聚丁二烯(丁羟)的流变性质,它是剪切速率、温度和分子量的函数。测量是在HAAKE RV2锥板式粘度计上进行的,温度15—70℃,剪切速度0—2,275s^-1。 当丁羟本体粘度小于1Pa•s,剪切速率低于650s^-1时,其流动行为基本为牛顿型,在其它条件下则为非牛顿型。当丁羟分子量在1,000—5,600范围内,其本体粘度与温度关系符合经验公式:logη_a=A+B/T。我们也确立了本体粘度与数均分子量的关系,在20℃时η_a=2.09×10^-8M_n^2•52,在25℃时为η_a=1.14×10^-8M_n^2•55。     

渗透气化法分离液体混合物

渗透气化法是一种用来分离液体混合物的膜分离方法。本综述简要地讨论了渗透气化法的机理。本法用于乙醇-水混合物的分离,对于从生物源生产乙醇具有重要意义。乙醇-水混合物的分离膜可以分成二类:亲水性膜和亲乙醇膜。使用若干物理方法可改进渗透气化过程。最后,作者认为渗透气化膜的发展趋势是从均质膜,不对称膜向复合膜过渡。     

液晶性芳族共聚酯的DSC研究

<正> 近年来热致液晶性的全芳族共聚酯的研究受到了人们的极大的关注,某些具有刚性主链和主链上包含介晶段的聚酯能显示出热致液晶性,这种高聚物在熔融态表现出自发取向的倾向,通过简单熔融纺丝有希望制备出高强、高模纤维。     

液晶环氧树脂及一系列液晶固化促进剂的合成及其固化行为研究

合成了一种联苯型液晶环氧化合物(LCE),和一系列含有不同长度柔性亚甲基联苯介晶单元的环氧树脂固化促进剂(LCECAn,n=2,4,6)。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振(1HNMR)对化合物的结构进行了表征。此外,利用DSC考察了加入LCECAn的LCE/DDM固化体系的反应活性。结果表明,LCECAn能促进LCE/DDM固化体系的固化反应,分别加入10%LCECA2、10%LCECA4和10%LCECA6后,LCE/DDM体系的固化峰顶温度由150℃分别降低到136℃、139℃和137℃。     

ORIENTATION OF CHLOROPHYLLS IN LIQUID CRYSTALS

Abstract— Chlorophyll derivatives can be oriented in a liquid crystal matrix. The temperature and angular dependence of the absorption spectra are studied with polarized light. From these results we can deduce the orientation of the molecules of dye in the liquid crystal. The deconvolution of the Soret band also allows us to assign to the different components their related transition moments.     

LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNITS

A series of "liquid crystal polymers with two-dimensional mesogeuic units" were synthesized by the polycondensations of the monomer 2, 5-dihydroxybenzylidene-4-phenetidine with a diacid chloride selected from a series of α, ω-bis(4-chloroformylphenyloxy)carbonylalkues. This is the first series of polymers reported under the newly proposed concept "liquid crystal polymers with two dimensional mesogenic units".