高效单原子金催化剂用于一步氧化酯化反应

甲基丙烯酸甲酯广泛用于有机玻璃和涂料行业,一步法合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯因其工艺简单、反应副产物少、条件温和引起了广泛关注。采用浸渍法合成了不同Au负载量的单原子Au催化剂并用于甲基丙烯醛的氧化酯化反应。催化剂的结构、形貌和性能通过XRD,TEM,BET,ICP,UV-vis,H₂-TPR和XPS等方法进行了表征,制备了均匀分散的单原子Au催化剂。通过对不同Au负载量的单原子催化剂的性能进行对比,Au-10/CeO₂催化剂表现出优异的催化性能,结合TPR和XPS分析结果,发现该催化剂载体表面具有更多活性氧,单原子Au和CeO₂之间形成强相互作用。     

离子液体对甲基丙烯醛氧化酯化反应的影响

异丁烯氧化制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)是一条极具优势、清洁高效的工艺技术路线.但甲基丙烯酸甲酯极易聚合^[1],故异丁烯三步法及传统的丙酮氰醇法均在酯化过程中加入对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、2,4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚等有机物作为阻聚剂^[2].而甲基丙烯醛直接氧化酯化为MMA时,碱性和加热的反应条件使MMA更易聚合^[3].因而防止MMA在反应过程中的聚合成为工艺技术的关键问题.本文在甲基丙烯醛一步氧化酯化生成MMA的反应体系中添加离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bm im]PF₆),结果表明,该离子液体既能提高MMA的选择性还有效防止MMA的聚合.     

制备条件对异丁烯选择性氧化催化剂性能的影响

通过正交实验设计，改变钼酸铵溶液的质量分数、pH值和催化剂焙烧温度，利用共沉淀法制备了一系列Mo-Bi-Co-Fe-Ce-Cs-K复合氧化物催化剂。借助于BET、TG-DSC、XRD等分析方法对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征。在常压连续流动固定床反应器中，系统地考察了上述三种制备条件对复合氧化物催化剂催化异丁烯选择性氧化生成甲基丙烯醛反应性能的影响。结果表明，大比表面积的催化剂具有较高的活性，而平均孔径小的催化剂选择性较差。 催化剂的最佳制备条件为： 钼酸铵溶液的质量分数10%、 pH值2～3、 焙烧温度500 ℃。在异丁烯∶空气=6∶94（体积比）、GHSV=3 600 h－1和360 ℃条件下，异丁烯转化率87.2％，甲基丙烯醛选择性72.0％，甲基丙烯醛收率62.7％。     

叔丁醇氧化制MAL,MAA催化剂研究

甲基丙烯酸(MAA)是有机玻璃和有机合成的重要原料,对其需求与日俱增.目前主要由丙酮氰醇法生产,该法的成本较高并污染环境.日本已成功地研究出由异丁烯(或叔丁醇)两段氧化制MAA的新工艺~[1],为满足商业上对高活性、高选择性及高稳定性催化剂的需求,人们仍存不断地开发新型催化剂,本文研制的七元钼系催化剂对叔丁醇氧化制备甲基丙烯醛     

V2O5/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V2O5／SiO2催化剂,并用XRD,IR,TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的表面构造、化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究．结果表明：催化剂表面由Lewis碱位V＝O双键的端氧和Lewis酸位V5＋构成,异丁烷分子主要通过甲基中的H双位吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位上,异丁烯分子可通过甲基的H吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位,也可通过C＝C双键吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸位上．在常压条件下,异丁烷选择氧化产物主要有异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由通过C＝C吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成．     

Sm对MoO3-Bi2O3催化剂性能的影响

在MoO3-B i2O3催化剂中加入稀土氧化物Sm2O3,在固定床反应器中考查了Sm2O3添加量、反应温度、异丁烯浓度、原料气流量等对异丁烯转化为甲基丙烯醛反应的影响。实验表明,添加Sm2O3可明显提高异丁烯的转化率和甲基丙烯醛的选择性。用XRD技术研究了催化剂的组成,Mo-B i-O催化剂的成分主要是B i2O3和MoO3的混合物,添加Sm后出现了Sm2Mo3O12的衍射峰,且衍射峰的强度随着Sm添加量的增加而增强。     

焙烧温度及焙烧时间对异丁烯部分氧化合成甲基丙烯醛催化剂性能的影响

采用沉淀法制备了Mo-Bi-Co-Fe-Cs复合氧化物催化剂, 并用于异丁烯部分氧化制备甲基丙烯醛反应, 结合H_2-TPR、 XRD、 BET和TEM表征, 考察了焙烧温度以及焙烧时间对催化剂物理化学性质及催化性能的影响.研究结果表明, 随焙烧温度升高, 催化剂物相结构没有明显的改变, 而催化剂颗粒则逐渐增大, 氧化能力降低, 且组分之间的协同作用减弱;当焙烧温度提高到540 ℃时, 催化剂局部颗粒已出现烧结. 催化剂活性随焙烧温度提高逐渐下降, 而甲基丙烯醛选择性则在焙烧温度为520 ℃时达到最大值, 焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响可能因催化剂表面活性位密度不同所致.合适的焙烧温度为520 ℃, 焙烧时间为5 h, 此时异丁烯转化率为98.4%时, MAL选择性可达到87.2%, 具有较好的反应效果.     

M-Na-P-Mo-V/SiO2系列催化剂对异丁烯氧化反应的催化性能

 以浸渍法制备了M－Na－P－Mo－V／SiO2系列催化剂,并用FT－IR和TPR对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂上的异丁烯化反应．结果表明,在空速900h－1和345℃的反应条件下,过渡金属的引入可提高甲基丙烯醛的选择性．其中Cu对催化性能的改善最佳,甲基丙烯醛选择性可达65．7％;而在Na－P－Mo－V／SiO2催化剂上,乙酸选择性可达50％,但甲基丙烯醛选性仅为4．1％．在催化剂中引入过渡金属时,Cu在提高甲基丙烯醛选择性的同时,也抑制了完全氧化产物COx的生成;Fe提高双键断裂产物和完全氧化产物选择性的同时,使甲基丙烯醛选择性下降;Zn对反应的影响不很大．TPR结果表明,在入Cu的催化剂中,Cu与杂多酸阴离子之间可能存在“溢流”作用．     

Yb2O3对Bi2O3-MoO3催化剂性能的影响

在Bi2O3-MoO3复合氧化物催化剂中加入Yb2O3，可明显提高异丁烯转化率和生成甲基丙烯醛的选择性，用XRD、FT-Raman光谱和SEM技术研究了催化剂的组成和性质，Bi2O3—MoO3催化剂的成分主要是α-Bi2Mo3O12，添加镱后出现了Yb2Mo3O12的吸收峰；且Bi2O3-MoO3-Yb2O3催化剂的FT—Raman光谱图在363cm^-1处出现了Yb—O伸缩振动峰，同时既Bi2O3-MoO3催化剂的铝-氧振动发生红移，表明镱的加入使铝-氧键的振动减弱，使Bi2O3-MoO3-Yb2O3催化剂有较高传递晶格氧给予异丁烯的能力，导致异丁烯转化率和生成甲基丙烯醛的选择性均显著提高。     

Mn对异丁烯选择氧化制甲基丙烯醛Mo-Bi-Fe-Co-Cs-K复合氧化物催化剂的促进作用及其机理

采用共沉淀法制备了系列异丁烯选择氧化制甲基丙烯醛（MAL）Mo-Bi基复合氧化物催化剂,在常压固定床流动反应体系上考察了Mn助剂及其添加方式对催化剂性能的影响,并结合对相关催化剂物相结构的表征,探讨了Mn的作用机理.研究表明,以Mn（NO3）2为前驱体将Mn引入Mo-Bi-Fe-Co-Cs-K复合氧化物可显著提高催化剂...     

Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein to Methyl Methacrylate over Supported Palladium Catalyst

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an important monomer, widely used for producing acrylic plastics, polymer dispersions for paints and coatings. Traditional acetone cyanhydrin (ACH) method involves toxic hydrogen cyanide and a large quantity of ammonium bisulf…     

Development of Catalyst Technology for Producing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) by Direct Methyl Esterification

The direct methyl esterification reaction for MMA was commercialized. Precisely synthesized Pd₃Pb₁ catalyst and the catalysis at the proposed reductive oxidation reaction condition (PROC) realized and guaranteed high MMA yield and long catalyst life. Controlled Pd distribution in a catalyst particle drastically decreased Pd loss from the catalyst during reaction. Unit processes are introduced as well.     

Oxidation of propylene glycol and lactic acid to pyruvic acid in aqueous phase catalyzed by lead-modified palladium-on-carbon and related systems

Oxidation of propylene glycol and related compounds to pyruvic acid was carried out in aqueous phase at 90 °C with a controlled pH of 8 in the presence of Pd/C modified by Pb, Bi and/or Te as additives. Oxidation of propylene glycol was observed on Pd/C at both the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups to yield lactic acid, hydroxyacetone and pyruvic acid with low selectivities. Pd/C, which alone was inactive in the oxidation of lactic acid, bound Pb on the metallic Pd with a strong interaction. The resultant Pb/Pd/C revealed activity for the selective conversion of lactic acid into pyruvic acid. A trace amount of the additive Pb as low as the atomic ratio Pb/Pd = 0.05, was enough to afford pyruvic acid, and the initial rate of the oxidation showed a maximum at Pb/Pd=0.3. Similar catalysts gave results as follows: Pb/Pt/C, highly active, but less selective; Te/Pd/C, highly selective to pyruvic acid with mild activity; Bi/Pd/C, moderate in both activity and selectivity. Commercially available Pb/Pd/CaCO₃ (Lindlar catalyst) and Pb/Pd/Al₂O₃ were also active, giving 60% yield of pyruvic acid.     

用于叔丁醇选择氧化的改性杂多化合物催化剂

将杂多化合物与具有“氧溢流”效应的α－Ｓｂ２Ｏ４混合制备的催化剂,在叔丁醇一步选择氧化过程中,甲基丙烯酸为主要产物。经优化催化剂制备和反应条件后,甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯醛总收率在７５％以上,其中甲基丙烯酸收率达５０％,有工业应用前景。采用ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ等方法对催化剂的组成与性能、物相结构进行了表征,考察了制备条件对催化剂活性的影响。     

Er对Mo-Bi-O催化剂性能的影响

Er2O3;异丁烯;甲基丙烯酸;部分氧化;Er对Mo-Bi-O催化剂性能的影响     

苯氨基甲酸甲酯分解催化剂Bi-Zn复合氧化物的制备及其催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Bi-Zn复合氧化物催化剂并将其用于催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)分解制备苯基异氰酸酯(PI).用热重、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱考察了Bi/Zn摩尔比和焙烧温度对催化剂物相结构和表面性质的影响.结果表明,Zn的加入使Bi_2O_3由α晶相转变为活性更高的β晶相,500℃焙烧时Bi-Zn前驱体分解较为完全,析出Bi_2O_3粒子的同时伴生较多Bi_(7.65)Zn_(0.35)O_(11.83)晶相.在Bi/Zn摩尔比为2/1,焙烧温度为500℃条件下制得的催化剂活性最高,此时MPC转化率为86.O%,PI选择性为91.7%,优于单独使用Bi_2O_3时的催化性能.     

In-situ deposition of Pd/Pd_4S heterostructure on hollow carbon spheres as efficient electrocatalysts for rechargeable Li-O_2 batteries

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) have always restricted the development of lithium oxygen batteries(LOBs).Herein,hollow carbon spheres loaded with Pd/Pd_4S heterostructure(Pd/Pd_4S@HCS) were successfully prepared via the in-situ deposition to improve the electrocatalytic activities for both ORR and OER in LOBs.With the welldispersed Pd/Pd_4S nanoparticles,the hierarchical composite with large specific surface area offers favorable transport channels for ions,electron and oxygen.Especially,the Pd/Pd_4S nanoparticles could exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for ORR and OER due to their intrinsic catalytic property and interfacial effect from the heterostructure.Therefore,the LOBs with Pd/Pd_4S@HCS as cathode catalyst show improved specific capacities,good rate ability and stable cycling performance.     

Effect of Bi promoter on the performances of selective oxidation of isobutane to methacrolein over MoVO/AlPO4 catalysts

The effects of Bi on the catalytic performance of selective oxidation of isobutane to methacrolein over MoVO/AlPO4 catalyst were investigated by XRD, FT-Raman, XPS, UV-vis DRS techniques. The results show that the addition of Bi component into the MoVO/AlPO4 catalyst obviously improves the catalytic performance, and the selectivity to methacrolein can increase from 14.2% to 45.1% with the increase of Bi/V molar ratio from 0 to 1. Combining the characterization results with the reaction evaluation, it is concluded that the catalytic activities of the MoV0.3Bix/AlPO4 catalysts are related to the crystalline phase composition and the dispersion of molybdenum and vanadium oxides species in general, and also to the V5+/V4+ molar ratio on the surface in particular.