Zn1-xCoxO稀磁半导体薄膜的结构及其磁性研究

利用X射线吸收精细结构、X射线衍射和磁性测量等技术研究脉冲激光气相沉积法制备的Zn1-zCoxO(x=0.01,0.02)稀磁半导体薄膜的结构和磁性.磁性测量结果表明Zn1-xCoxO样品都具有室温铁磁性.X射线衍射结果显示其薄膜样品具有结晶良好的纤锌矿结构.荧光X射线吸收精细结构测试结果表明,脉冲激光气相沉积法制备的样品中的Co离子全部进入ZnO晶格中替代了部分Zn的格点位置,生成单一相的Zn1-xCoxO稀磁半导体.通过对X射线吸收近边结构谱的分析,确定Zn1-xCoxO薄膜中存在O空位,表明Co离子与O空位的相互作用是诱导Zn1-xCoxO产生室温铁磁性的主要原因.     

Antiferromagnetic interactions in single crystalline Zn1-xCoxO thin films

In a rather contradictory situation regarding magnetic data on Co-doped ZnO, we have succeeded in fabricating high-quality single crystalline Zn(1-x)Co(x)O (x=0.003-0.07) thin films. This gives us the possibility, for the first time, to examine the intrinsic magnetic properties of ZnO:Co at a quantitative level and therefore to address several unsolved problems, the major one being the nature of the Co-Co interaction in the ZnO structure.     

Ti1－xCoxO2铁磁性半导体薄膜研究

利用射频磁控反应溅射制备了Ti1-xCoxO2薄膜样品.超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)测量了样品在常温，低温下的磁特性.结果显示样品在常温下已经具有明显的铁磁性.常温时其矫顽力32×103A/m,饱和磁化强度55emu／cm3磁性元素的磁矩达0679μB／Co.饱和场12×104A/m.x射线衍射(XRD)和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)实验分析初步表明样品中没有钴颗粒. 关键词： 铁磁半导体 TiO2 薄膜     

退火对高Co含量Ti1-zCoxO2磁性半导体的影响

利用磁控溅射仪制备了高Co含量的Ti1-xCocO2磁性半导体样品,并对样品分别在200℃,300℃和400℃进行退火研究.使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对退火前后样品的结构进行表征,并用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对退火前后样品中Co元素的化学状态进行鉴定.结果表明高Co含量的Ti1-xCoxO2磁性半导体处于一种亚稳状态,300℃以上的温度便使其结构与成分发生巨大变化.利用超导量子干涉磁强计(SQUID)测量退火前后样品的磁特性.结果表明样品的磁性有了明显的变化,这源于磁性产生的不同机理.     

Tuning stress-induced magnetic anisotropy and high frequency properties of FeCo films deposited on different curvature substrates

It is important to control magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic materials. In this work, FeCo thin films are deposited on the curving substrates by electrochemical deposition to adjust the stress-induced magnetic anisotropy. The compressive stress is produced in the as-deposited films after the substrates are flattened. A simplified theoretical model of ferromagnetic resonance is utilized to measure the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy field and saturation magnetization. The results show that the stress-induced magnetic anisotropy and the resonance frequency increase with the increase of substrate curvature. The induced easy axis is perpendicular to the compressive stress direction.     

Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of boron nitride nanotubes

Density Functional Theory is used to investigate the effect of altering the B/N ratio and carbon doping on the electronic and magnetic structure of zigzag, (7, 0) and armchair (5, 5) boron nitride nanotubes. The calculations indicate that increasing the boron content relative to the nitrogen content significantly reduces the band gap to a value typical of a semiconductor. Calculations of carbon doped semiconducting BN tubes, which have more boron atoms than nitrogen atoms have a net spin and a difference in the density of states at the valence band between the spin up and spin down state.     

Tuning the properties of tin oxide thin films for device fabrications

Tin oxide thin films were deposited on well cleaned glass substrates by thermal evaporation in vacuum and were annealed at 500?^°C in the open atmosphere inside a furnace for 90 min for promoting the sensitivity of the films. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the as-deposited films were amorphous in nature and the annealed films showed appreciable crystalline behavior. The annealed thin films were then irradiated using ⁶⁰Co gamma source. The radiation induced changes were then studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and I–V characterization. The remarkable increase in the average grain size, the decrement in the energy band gap and resistivity due to the gamma irradiations up to a certain dose and the reversal of these properties at higher doses are the important observations. The large changes in the conductivity and energy band gap of the annealed thin films due to gamma irradiation make these films quite important device material for the fabrication of gamma sensors and dosimeters.     

Tuning of magnetic properties of aluminium-doped strontium hexaferrite powders

M-type Al-doped strontium ferrite powders(Sr Alx Fe_(2n-x) O_(19), n = 5.9) with nominal Al content of x = 0–2.0 are prepared by traditional ceramic technology. The phase identification of the powders, performed using x-ray diffraction,shows the presence of purity hexaferrite structure and absence of any secondary phase. The lattice parameters decrease with increasing x. The average grain size of the powders is about 300 nm–400 nm at Al~(3+)ion content x = 0–2.0. The roomtemperature hysteresis loops of the powders, measured by using vibrating sample magnetometer, show that the specific saturation magnetization(σ_s) value continuously decreases while the coercivity(Hc) value increases with increasing x, and Hc reaches to 9759 Oe(1 Oe = 79.5775 A/m) at x = 2.0. According to the law of approach saturation, Hc value increases with increasing Al~(3+)ion content, which is attributed to the saturation magnetization(Ms) decreasing more rapidly than the magnetic anisotropy constant(K_1) obtained by numerical fitting of the hysteresis loops. The distribution of Al~(3+)ions in the hexaferrite structure of Sr Alx Fe_(2n-x) O_(19) is investigated by using 57 Co Mssbauer spectroscopy. The effect of Al~(3+)doping on static magnetic properties contributes to the improvement of magnetic anisotropy field.     

Microwave magnetic properties of soft magnetic thin films

We review our works that focus on the microwave magnetic properties of metallic,ferrite and granular thin films.Soft magnetic material with large permeability and low energy loss in the GHz range is a challenge for the inforcom technologies.GHz magnetic properties of the soft magnetic thin films with in-plane anisotropy were investigated.It is found that several hundreds of permeability at the GHz frequency was achieved for Co100-xZrx and Co90Nb10 metallic thin films because of their high saturation magneti...     

Tuning the magnetic and transport properties of boron-nitride nanotubes via oxygen-doping

Using density functional theory we show that both magnetic and transport properties become chirality-dependent once a nitrogen atom is substituted by an oxygen atom in boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). As chirality increases, the dispersion width of the doping induced impurity state decreases continuously, and this yields progressively larger exchange field and stronger spin polarization. Stronger chirality favors a larger magnetic moment and band insulator while weaker chirality favors a non-magnetic metallic state. In the case of oxygen substitution for a boron atom, the deep in-gap states always yield fully spin-polarized flat-bands and saturated magnetic moment of $1{\mu }_B$ per oxygen atom.     

Microwave magnetic properties of gadolinium-iron films

We have made ferromagnetic resonance measurements on Gd_1-xFe_x films, where x = 0 to 1. The saturation magnetization, g-value, the exchange stiffness constant, the magnetic damping parameter and some surface anisotropy parameters were determined. We find that the exchange decreases rapidly as the Fe content decreases. The g-values obey the Wangsness relation except near compensation. The exchange-conductivity linewidth broadening is minimal in this system.     

The critical properties of magnetic films

Within the framework of the transverse Ising model and by using the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique that accounts for the self spin correlations, we have studied the critical properties of an L-layer film of simple cubic symmetry in which the exchanges strength are assumed to be different from the bulk values in N_S surface layers. We derive and illustrate the expressions for the phase diagrams, order parameter profiles and susceptibility. In such films, the critical temperature can shift to either lower or higher temperature compared with the corresponding bulk value. We calculate also some magnetic properties of the film, such as the layer magnetizations, their averages and their profiles and the longitudinal susceptibility of the film. The film longitudinal susceptibility still diverges at the film critical temperature as does the bulk longitudinal susceptibility.     

Low temperature properties of magnetic films

The effect of surface oxides on the low temperature magnetic properties of permalloy films is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the work of Hagedorn and Mitchell and coworkers. It is shown that the unidirectional anisotropy in permalloy (typically exhibited at temperatures below 40 °K) can be correlated with the presence of -Fe₂O₃ as detected in electron diffraction studies. A possible mechanism for the phenomena is discussed which hinges on the depression of the Morin transition in -Fe₂O₃ as a consequence of a change in thed spacing of the -Fe₂O₃.The author would like to thank Professors L. D. Roberts and C. S. Smith of the University North Carolina for their helpful discussions during the course of this work.     

Zn1-xMgxO薄膜的光致发光特性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在单晶Si(100)衬底上制备出c轴取向的Zn1-xMgxO单晶薄膜,通过荧光光谱仪研究了薄膜的光致发光特性.实验结果表明,Mg含量增加,Zn1-xMgxO单晶薄膜的紫外发光峰蓝移,发光峰强度减弱,缺陷发光强度增强.同时发现,由于Mg的掺杂,引入了一些束缚能较大的局域束缚态.对于氧气氛下制备的样品,实验发现紫外峰和绿光带发光峰同时增强,但是R值减小,紫外峰红移.对绿光发光机理研究发现,绿光发光带主要与锌空位、氧间隙(Oi)或锌位氧(OZn)等缺陷有关,它是由多个缺陷发光峰组成,各缺陷发光峰强度相对变化导致了绿光发光带的整体移动.     

Tuning the magnetic and electronic properties of strontium titanate by carbon doping

The magnetic and electronic properties of strontium titanate with different carbon dopant configurations are explored using first-principles calculations with a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the GGA+U approach. Our results show that the structural stability, electronic properties and magnetic properties of C-doped SrTiO₃ strongly depend on the distance between carbon dopants. In both GGA and GGA+U calculations, the doping structure is mostly stable with a nonmagnetic feature when the carbon dopants are nearest neighbors, which can be ascribed to the formation of a C–C dimer pair accompanied by stronger C–C and weaker C–Ti hybridizations as the C–C distance becomes smaller. As the C–C distance increases, C-doped SrTiO₃ changes from an n-type nonmagnetic metal to ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic half-metal and to an antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic semiconductor in GGA calculations, while it changes from a nonmagnetic semiconductor to ferromagnetic half-metal and to an antiferromagnetic semiconductor using the GGA+U method. Our work demonstrates the possibility of tailoring the magnetic and electronic properties of C-doped SrTiO₃, which might provide some guidance to extend the applications of strontium titanate as a magnetic or optoelectronic material.     

Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of the Si nanoribbons through dangling bond

Combined with three spin configurations, the effects of the dangling bonds on the electronic and magnetic properties of both zigzag edge and armchair edge Si nanoribbions (ZSiNR and ASiNR) have been investigated systematically by the first-principles calculations in the local spin-density function theory. The dangling bonds at one edge or both edges make ZSiNR to transform from ferromagnetic state of the perfect ZSiNR to antiferromagnetic state. However, the dangling bonds at one edge and both edges make ASiNR to transform from nonmagnetic semiconductor of the perfect ASiNR to ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic metals, respectively. Furthermore, the magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic state increases for the perfect bare one edge and bare both edges successively for either ZSiNR or ASiNR.     

Tuning the metal-insulator transition in manganite films through surface exchange coupling with magnetic nanodots

In strongly correlated electronic systems, the global transport behavior depends sensitively on spin ordering. We show that spin ordering in manganites can be controlled by depositing isolated ferromagnetic nanodots at the surface. The exchange field at the interface is tunable with nanodot density and makes it possible to overcome dimensionality and strain effects in frustrated systems to greatly increasing the metal-insulator transition and magnetoresistance. These findings indicate that electronic phase separation can be controlled by the presence of magnetic nanodots.     

Structure and magnetic properties of FeCoN films

We obtained crystals of RuS₂ doped with ⁵⁷Fe from a Bi melt and determined the EPR hyperfine structure corresponding to ⁵⁷Fe³⁺ in low-spin configuration. In crystals that were doped with both Fe and Cr an increase of the Fe³⁺ resonance and a simultaneous decrease of the Cr³⁺ resonance occurred by IR irradiation and revealed the same wavelength dependence. Compared with as-grown crystals the iron-doped crystals turned out to have a rather high electrical resistivity of about 10⁴Omega cm at room temperature. For these iron-doped crystals two different activation energies of 0.04 eV and 0.35 eV of the free charge carriers (electrons) were determined from measurements of the electrical conductivity in the range of 94 K and 294 K. Received: 29 July 1996/Accepted: 13 November 1996     

Electron transport properties of magnetic granular films

In this paper,we present a review of electron transport properties of magnetic granular films.Magnetic granular films are nanocomposite materials which consist of magnetic nanoparticles embedded in a nonmagnetic matrix or assembling of magnetic nanoparticles.According to the style of the nonmagnetic matrix,microstructure and the electron transport mechanism of the films,the magnetic granular films were divided into three groups:(1) magnetic metal-metal granular films,(2) magnetic metal-insulator granular films and(3) magnetic nanocluster-assembled granular films.Moreover,we also systematically review the magnetic properties,transport properties and magnetoresistance effect of size-monodispersed Co and Fe nanocluster-assembled films.