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1.
Jos Antnio Paixo Manuela Ramos Silva Ana Matos Beja Abílio J. F. N. Sobral Susana H. Lopes A. M. d'A. Rocha Gonsalves 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(12):o721-o723
In the title compound, C15H17NO2, the ethoxycarbonyl group is anti with respect to the pyrrole N atom. The angle between the planes of the phenyl and pyrrole rings is 48.26 (9)°. The molecules are joined into dimeric units by a strong hydrogen bonds between pyrrole N—H groups and carbonyl O atoms. The geometry of the isolated molecule was studied by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations, employing both molecular orbital Hartree–Fock (MO–HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The minimum energy was achieved for a conformation where the angle between the planes of the phenyl and pyrrole rings is larger, and that between the ethoxycarbonyl and pyrrole planes is smaller than in the solid‐state molecule. 相似文献
2.
John A. Joule Ryan M. Hellyer David S. Larsen Sally Brooker 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2007,63(6):o358-o360
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C6H6N4, comprises one and a half molecules with a C2 axis through the second molecule. Each molecule consists of two planar five‐membered rings connected by a triazole–pyrrole N—N bond with the triazole ring close to being at right angles to the pyrrole ring. The molecules are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds and weaker offset face‐to‐face π–π interactions. 相似文献
3.
Zhen Wang Donghui Chen Zhigang Yang Sha Bai Xiaohua Liu Dr. Lili Lin Dr. Xiaoming Feng Prof. Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(33):10130-10136
Highly enantioselective Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and nitromethane to 4‐oxo‐4‐arylbutenoates catalyzed by N,N′‐dioxide–Sc(OTf)3 complexes has been developed. Using 0.5–2 mol % catalyst loading, various α‐stereogenic esters were obtained regioselectively with excellent yields (up to 97 %) and enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). Moreover, the reaction performed well under nearly solvent‐free conditions. The products with functional groups are ready for further transformation, which showed the potential value of the catalytic approach. According to the experimental results and previous reports, a plausible working model has been proposed to explain the origin of the activation and the asymmetric induction. 相似文献
4.
Ke Shen Xiaohua Liu Dr. Ke Zheng Wei Li Xiaolei Hu Lili Lin Dr. Xiaoming Feng Prof. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(12):3736-3742
A direct catalytic asymmetric aldol‐type reaction of 3‐substituted‐2‐oxindoles with glyoxal derivatives and ethyl trifluoropyruvate, catalyzed by a chiral N,N′‐dioxide–Sc(OTf)3 (Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl) complex, has been developed that tolerates a wide range of substrates. The reaction proceeds in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 93 % yield, 99:1 diastereomeric ratio (dr), and >99 % enantiomeric excess (ee)) under mild conditions, to deliver 3‐(α‐hydroxy‐β‐carbonyl) oxindoles with vicinal quaternary–tertiary or quaternary–quaternary stereocenters. Even with 1 mol % catalyst loading or on scaleup (10 mmol of starting material), maintenance of ee was observed, which showed the potential value of the catalyst system. In studies probing the reaction mechanism, a positive nonlinear effect was observed and ScIII‐based enolate intermediates were detected by using ESIMS. On the basis of the experimental results and previous reports, a possible catalytic cycle was assumed. 相似文献
5.
Qing‐Xia Zhang Yao Li Jie Wang Chen Yang Cheng‐Jun Liu Xin Li Jin‐Pei Cheng 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(11):4550-4556
The enantioselective ketimine–ene reaction is one of the most challenging stereocontrolled reaction types in organic synthesis. In this work, catalytic enantioselective ketimine–ene reactions of 2‐aryl‐3H‐indol‐3‐ones with α‐methylstyrenes were achieved by utilizing a B(C6F5)3/chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyst. These ketimine–ene reactions proceed well with low catalyst loading (B(C6F5)3/CPA=2 mol %/2 mol %) under mild conditions, providing rapid and facile access to a series of functionalized 2‐allyl‐indolin‐3‐ones with very good reactivity (up to 99 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). Theoretical calculations reveal that enhancement of the acidity of the chiral phosphoric acid by B(C6F5)3 significantly reduces the activation free energy barrier. Furthermore, collective favorable hydrogen‐bonding interactions, especially the enhanced N?H???O hydrogen‐bonding interaction, differentiates the free energy of the transition states of CPA and B(C6F5)3/CPA, thereby inducing the improvement of stereoselectivity. 相似文献
6.
L. Q. Liao L. J. Liu C. Zhang F. He R. X. Zhuo K. Wan 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(11):1749-1755
Ring‐opening polymerization of ?‐caprolactone was carried out smoothly and effectively with constant microwave powers of 170, 340, 510, and 680 W, respectively, with a microwave oven at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The temperature of the polymerization ranged from 80 to 210 °C. Poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) with a weight‐average molar mass (Mw) of 124,000 g/mol and yield of 90% was obtained at 680 W for 30 min using 0.1% (mol/mol) stannous octanoate as a catalyst. When the polymerization was catalyzed by 1% (w/w) zinc powder, the Mw of PCL was 92,300 g/mol after the reaction mixture was irradiated at 680 W for 270 min. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1749–1755, 2002 相似文献
7.
Yin Zhu Xiaohong Chen Mingsheng Xie Shunxi Dong Zhen Qiao Dr. Lili Lin Dr. Xiaohua Liu Prof. Dr. Xiaoming Feng 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(39):11963-11968
Highly enantioselective Diels–Alder (DA) and inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) reactions of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters with cyclopentadiene catalyzed by chiral N,N′‐dioxide–Cu(OTf)2 (Tf=triflate) complexes have been developed. Quantitative conversion of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) were observed for a broad range of substrates. Both aromatic and aliphatic β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters were found to be suitable substrates for the reactions. Moreover, the chemoselectivity of the DA and HDA adducts were improved by regulating the reaction temperature. Good to high chemoselectivity (up to 94 %) of the DA adducts were obtained at room temperature, and moderate chemoselectivity (up to 65 %) of the HDA adducts were achieved at low temperature. The reaction also featured mild reaction conditions, a simple procedure, and remarkably low catalyst loading (0.1–1.5 mol %). A strong positive nonlinear effect was observed. 相似文献
8.
Ummadisetty Subramanyam Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(6):1093-1100
Kinetics of hexene‐1 polymerization was investigated using [(N,N′‐diisopropylbenzene)2,3‐(1,8‐napthly)‐1,4‐diazabutadiene]dibromonickel/methylaluminoxane catalyst. Experiments were performed at varying catalyst and monomer concentrations in the temperature range of ?10 to 35 °C. First order time‐conversion plot shows a downward curvature at temperatures of 20 °C and 35 °C indicating the presence of finite termination reactions. A nonlinear plot of degree of polymerization (Pn) with respect to conversion indicates occurrence of transfer reactions and slow initiation. The experimental molar masses are higher than predicted, which implies that a fraction of catalyst species could not be activated or is deactivated at the early stages of the reactions. The efficiency of the catalyst (Cateff) varies from 0.77 to 0.89. The observed polydispersity of the poly(hexene‐1) s is in the range of 1.18–1.48. The reaction order was found to be 1.11 with respect to catalyst. The Arrhenius plot obtained using the overall propagation rate constant, kp, at five different temperatures (?10, 0, 10, 20, and 35 °C) was found to be linear with an activation energy, Ea = 4.3 kcal/mol. Based on the results presented it is concluded that the polymerization of hexene‐1 under the above‐mentioned conditions shows significant deviation from ideal “living” behavior. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1093–1100, 2007 相似文献
9.
Lewis M. Broomfield Manfred Bochmann Joseph A. Wright 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2010,66(3):m79-m82
The title phosphine oxide–phosphine, 0.43C17H16NOP·0.57C17H16NP, (I)/(II), was obtained as a 0.861 (6):1.139 (6) cocrystallized mixture. Hydrogen bonding between the two constituents leads to the formation of 2:2 solid‐state assemblies. Instead of forming the expected simple N,P‐chelated system via loss of the N‐bound H atom, reaction of 2‐(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyrrole, (II), with TiCl4 leads to the formation of the title titanium(IV) complex, [TiCl4(C17H16NP)], (IV), containing a rearranged neutral ligand in which the N‐bound H atom moves to one of the pyrrole C atoms, giving a partially unsaturated ring. 相似文献
10.
Sankar Prasad Dey Dilip Kumar Dey Asok Kumar Mallik Lutz Dahlenburg 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2003,59(6):o321-o322
The title compound, 2‐hydroxyphenyl 5‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐3H‐pyrrolizin‐6‐yl ketone, C18H14N2O2, was isolated from the base‐catalyzed 1:2 condensation of 2‐hydroxyacetophenone with pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde. The pyrrole N—H and hydroxybenzoyl O—H groups are hydrogen bonded to the benzoyl O atom. The allylic C=C double bond of the 3H‐pyrrolizine system is located between ring positions 1 and 2, the C atom at position 3 (adjacent to the N atom) being single bonded. 相似文献
11.
Bi‐Yun Su Jia‐Xiang Wang Xiang Liu Qian‐Ding Li 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2013,69(5):522-525
The title isomers, namely 3‐chloro‐N‐[1‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)ethylidene]aniline, (I), and 4‐chloro‐N‐[1‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)ethylidene]aniline, (II), both C12H11ClN2, differ in the position of the chlorine substitution. Both compounds have the basic iminopyrrole structure, which shows a planar backbone with similar features. The dihedral angle formed by the planes of the pyrrole and benzene rings is 75.65 (7)° for (I) and 86.56 (8)° for (II). The H atom bound to the pyrrole N atom is positionally disordered and partial protonation occurs at the imino N atom in (I), while this phenomenon is absent from the structure of (II). Packing interactions for both compounds include intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions, forming centrosymmetric dimers for both (I) and (II). 相似文献
12.
Hiroyuki Kakei Riichiro Tsuji Dr. Takashi Ohshima Dr. Hiroyuki Morimoto Shigeki Matsunaga Dr. Masakatsu Shibasaki Prof. Dr. 《化学:亚洲杂志》2007,2(2):257-264
The full details of the asymmetric epoxidation of α,β‐unsaturated esters catalyzed by yttrium complexes with biaryldiol ligands are described. An yttrium–biphenyldiol catalyst, generated from Y(OiPr)3–biphenyldiol ligand–triphenylarsine oxide (1:1:1), is suitable for the epoxidation of various α,β‐unsaturated esters. With this catalyst, β‐aryl α,β‐unsaturated esters gave high enantioselectivities and good yields (≤99 % ee). The reactivity of this catalyst is good, and the catalyst loading could be decreased to as little as 0.5–2 mol % (the turnover number was up to 116), while high enantiomeric excesses were maintained. For β‐alkyl α,β‐unsaturated esters, an yttrium–binol catalyst, generated from Y(OiPr)3–binol ligand–triphenylphosphine oxide (1:1:2), gave the best enantioselectivities (≤97 % ee). The utility of the epoxidation reaction was demonstrated in an efficient synthesis of (?)‐ragaglitazar, a potential antidiabetes agent. 相似文献
13.
A 3,4‐trans‐Fused Cyclic Protecting Group Facilitates α‐Selective Catalytic Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyglycosides 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Edward I. Balmond Dr. David Benito‐Alifonso Dr. Diane M. Coe Prof. Roger W. Alder Dr. Eoghan M. McGarrigle Dr. M. Carmen Galan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(31):8190-8194
A practical approach has been developed to convert glucals and rhamnals into disaccharides or glycoconjugates with high α‐selectivity and yields (77–97 %) using a trans‐fused cyclic 3,4‐O‐disiloxane protecting group and TsOH?H2O (1 mol %) as a catalyst. Control of the anomeric selectivity arises from conformational locking of the intermediate oxacarbenium cation. Glucals outperform rhamnals because the C6 side‐chain conformation augments the selectivity. 相似文献
14.
Marijana Juki Mario Cetina Jasna Vorkapi‐Fura
Amalija Golobi
Ante Nagl 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2003,59(7):o357-o359
Crystal structure analysis of the title compound, C13H12ClNO, reveals three crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The main conformational difference between these molecules is the orientation of the phenyl rings with respect to the pyrrole rings. The coplanar arrangement of the aldehyde groups attached to the pyrrole rings influences the pyrrole‐ring geometry. The C2—C3 and N1—C5 bonds are noticeably longer than the C4—C5 and N1—C2 bonds. Two independent molecules of the title compound form dimers via intermolecular C—H⃛O hydrogen bonds [D⃛A = 3.400 (3) Å and D—H⃛A = 157°]. The perpendicular orientation of the phenyl and pyrrole rings of one independent molecule and its symmetry‐related molecule allows C—H⃛π interactions, with an H⃛centroid distance of 2.85 Å and a C—H⃛π angle of 155°. The distances between the H atom and the pyrrole‐ring atoms indicate that the C—H bond points towards one of the bonds in the pyrrole ring. 相似文献
15.
Highly Enantioselective Carbonyl–Ene Reactions of 2,3‐Diketoesters: Efficient and Atom‐Economical Process to Functionalized Chiral α‐Hydroxy‐β‐Ketoesters 下载免费PDF全文
Phong M. Truong Dr. Peter Y. Zavalij Prof. Michael P. Doyle 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(25):6468-6472
Carbonyl–ene reactions of 2,3‐diketoesters catalyzed by [Cu{(S,S)‐tBu‐box}](SbF6)2 [box=bis(oxazoline)] generate chiral α‐functionalized α‐hydroxy‐β‐ketoesters in up to 94 % yield and 97 % ee. The 2,3‐diketoesters are conveniently accessed from the corresponding α‐diazo‐β‐ketoester, and a catalyst loading as low as 1.0 mol % can be achieved. 相似文献
16.
《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(48):15560-15564
N‐Boc ketimines derived from pyrazolin‐5‐ones were explored to develop an unprecedented domino aza‐Friedel–Crafts/N,O‐acetalization reaction with 2‐naphthols. The novel method requires a catalyst loading of only 0.5 mol % of a bifunctional squaramide catalyst, is scalable to gram amounts, and provides a new series of furanonaphthopyrazolidinone derivatives bearing two vicinal tetra‐substituted stereogenic centers in excellent yields (95–98 %) and stereoselectivity (>99:1 d.r. and 97–98 % ee ). A different reactivity was observed in the case of 1‐naphthols and other electron‐rich phenols, which led to the aza‐Friedel–Crafts adducts in 70–98 % yield and 47–98 % ee . 相似文献
17.
Mathias O. Senge Kevin M. Smith 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2005,61(9):o537-o541
The crystal and molecular structures of 4‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde, C10H15NO, (I), benzyl 3,5‐dimethylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylate, C14H15NO2, (II), benzyl 4‐acetyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylate, C16H17NO3, (III), dimethyl 3,5‐dimethylpyrrole‐2,4‐dicarboxylate, C10H13NO4, (IV), 4‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(p‐tosylacetyl)pyrrole, C17H21NO3S, (V), and ethyl 4‐(2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐hydroxyacryloyl)‐3,5‐dimethylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylate, C15H19NO6, (VI), were determined at 130 K. Compounds (I), (II), (IV), (V) and (VI) form hydrogen‐bonded dimers [N—H⋯O=C = 1.97 (2)–2.03 (3) Å]. Four dimers, viz. (I) and (IV)–(VI), have inversion symmetry, while the dimer of (II) has twofold symmetry. Only (III) forms polymeric chains involving hydrogen bonds between the pyrrole H atom and the acetyl carbonyl group [H⋯O = 1.97 (2) Å] and is further stabilized by CH3⋯O interactions (C—H⋯O = 2.28–2.49 Å). Compound (VI) was found to occur as the enol ether in the crystal. 相似文献
18.
Jairo Quiroga Jaime Glvez Justo Cobo Christopher Glidewell 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2013,69(8):915-919
In the molecules of both methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐dioxo‐5‐phenyloctahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C25H24N4O4, (I), and methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐dioxooctahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C25H23ClN4O4, (II), the two rings of the pyrrolopyrrole fragment are both nonplanar, with conformations close to half‐chair forms. The overall conformations of the molecules of (I) and (II) are very similar, apart from the orientation of the ester function. The molecules of (I) are linked into sheets by a combination of an N—H...π(pyrrole) hydrogen bond and three independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules of (II) are also linked into sheets, which are generated by a combination of an N—H...N hydrogen bond and two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds, weakly augmented by a C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond. 相似文献
19.
Olivier Vallat Ana‐Maria Buciumas Reinhard Neier Helen Stoeckli‐Evans 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2009,65(4):o171-o175
The title compounds, rac‐(1′R,2R)‐tert‐butyl 2‐(1′‐hydroxyethyl)‐3‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C17H20N2O6, (I), rac‐(1′S,2R)‐tert‐butyl 2‐[1′‐hydroxy‐3′‐(methoxycarbonyl)propyl]‐3‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C20H24N2O8, (II), and rac‐(1′S,2R)‐tert‐butyl 2‐(4′‐bromo‐1′‐hydroxybutyl)‐5‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C13H20BrNO4, (III), are 5‐hydroxyalkyl derivatives of tert‐butyl 2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydropyrrole‐1‐carboxylate. In all three compounds, the tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) unit is orientated in the same manner with respect to the mean plane through the 2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole ring. The hydroxyl substituent at one of the newly created chiral centres, which have relative R,R stereochemistry, is trans with respect to the oxo group of the pyrrole ring in (I), synthesized using acetaldehyde. When a larger aldehyde was used, as in compounds (II) and (III), the hydroxyl substituent was found to be cis with respect to the oxo group of the pyrrole ring. Here, the relative stereochemistry of the newly created chiral centres is R,S. In compound (I), O—H...O hydrogen bonding leads to an interesting hexagonal arrangement of symmetry‐related molecules. In (II) and (III), the hydroxyl groups are involved in bifurcated O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and centrosymmetric hydrogen‐bonded dimers are formed. The Mukaiyama crossed‐aldol‐type reaction was successful when using the 2‐nitrophenyl‐substituted hydroxypyrrole, or the unsubstituted hydroxypyrrole, and boron trifluoride diethyl ether as catalyst. The synthetic procedure leads to a syn configuration of the two newly created chiral centres in all three compounds. 相似文献
20.
《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2018,74(1):82-93
An efficent access to a series of N‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)amines, namely (E)‐1‐tert‐butyl‐5‐[(4‐chlorobenzylidene)amino]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile, C16H16ClN3, (7a), (E)‐1‐tert‐butyl‐5‐[(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)amino]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile, C16H15Cl2N3, (7b), (E)‐1‐tert‐butyl‐5‐[(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)amino]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile, C15H16N4, (7c), 1‐tert‐butyl‐5‐[(4‐chlorobenzyl)amino]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile, C16H18ClN3, (8a), and 1‐tert‐butyl‐5‐[(2,4‐dichlorobenzyl)amino]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile, C16H17Cl2N3, (8b), by a two‐step synthesis sequence (solvent‐free condensation and reduction) starting from 5‐amino‐1‐tert‐butyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile is described. The syntheses proceed via isolated N‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)imines, which are also key synthetic intermediates of other valuable compounds. The crystal structures of the reduced compounds showed a reduction in the symmetry compared with the corresponding precursors, viz. Pbcm to P from compound (7a) to (8a) and P21/c to P from compound (7b) to (8b), probably due to a severe change in the molecular conformations, resulting in the loss of planarity observed in the nonreduced compounds. In all of the crystals, the supramolecular assembly is controlled mainly by strong (N,C)—H…N hydrogen bonds. However, in the case of (7a)–(7c), C—H…Cl interactions are strong enough to help in the three‐dimensional architecture, as observed in Hirshfeld surface maps. 相似文献