碱性介质中二(高碘酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根氧化乙二醇独丁醚的反应动力学及机理

在25℃～40℃区间用分光光度法在碱性介质中研究了二(高碘酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根配离子(DPC)氧化乙二醇独丁醚(EGB)的反应动力学。结果表明:反应对DPC为一级,对EGB是1< n_ap< 2(n_ap代表表观反应级数);在保持准一级条件([EGB]₀ 》[Cu(Ⅲ)]₀)下,表观速率常数,k_obs,在弱碱性介质中,随[OH^-]增大而减小,在较强碱性介质中随[OH^-]增大而增大,随着[IO₄^-]增加而减小;无盐效应。提出了含有自由基过程的反应机理,由假设的两种同时进行的反应机理推出的速率方程能很好的解释全部实验现象,进一步求得速控步的速率常数和活化参数。     

二过碘酸合铜(III)氧化乙醇胺的动力学及机理

近年来，三价铜的过碘酸配合物作为氧化剂在有机物的定量测定中得到广泛的应用问．Movius风和Murthy门分列报导了二过碘酸合铜（Ill）氧化一元醇的反应动力学，但二者所得结果有一定的差别·由于C“m）处于最高氧化态，反应体系又比较复杂·目前人们对它的认识并不太清楚·本文就CU（）氧化乙醇胺（则进行了动力学及机理的研究·1实验部分所用仪器及测定人。s的实验手续同前文＊．2结果与讨论2．1准一级速车常教k。bs的求得在D川。三IO可＊u（m）IO条件下，以w人一＊。）对时间土的图为直线，表明反应对［Cb（Ill）］为一级·准一级速…     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol Monoethylether by Diperiodatonickelate（IV） in Alkaline Medium

The kinetics of oxidation of ethylene glycol monoethylether (EGE) by diperiodatonickelate(IV) ion (DPN) was studied by spectrophotometry in alkaline medium. The reaction rate showed first order dependence on Ni(IV) and positive fractional order with respect to EGE. The pseudo-first order rate conslants, kobs increased with the increase of [OH^-] and decreased with the increase of [IO4^- ]. Added salts had little effect on the rate and no free radical was detected. Based on these,the mechanism including the equilibrium between DPN and EGE was proposed. Furthermore, the activation parameters of the reaction were calculated.     

碱性介质中分光光度法研究二羟基二（过碘酸）合银（III）配离子氧化一些二元醇的反应动力学及机理

The kinetics of oxidation of ethylene glycol and 1,3-butylene glycol by dihydroxydiperiodatoargentate（Ⅲ） in alkaline medium have been studied by spectrophotometry in the range of 298.2-318.2 K. It is shown that the reaction was first order with respect to each reductant and Ag（Ⅲ）, and kobs increased with an increase of [OH^-]. A plausible mechanism of reaction involving a pre-equilibrium of adduct formation between complex and reductants was proposed, which could be applied to explain all experimental phenomena, and the activation parameters of the ratedetermining step have been also calculated.     

二过碘酸合铜(III)氧化氨基丙酸的动力学

高氧化态的过渡金属通常借助与适当多齿配体螯合能稳定存在．例如二羟基二过碘酸合镍（IV）［1，2］和二过碘酸合铜（皿）[3，4]等在适当pH下都是良好的氧化剂．近期Morius[3]和Murthy[4]等人进行了Cu(III）对一元醇、醛等有机化合物的氧化反应动力学研究，两者所得结果有一定的差别．例如前者得出反应对于过碘酸为一1．0级，而后者为一0．45级．由于这类反应比较复杂，而且钢在许多包含有电子转移的生物化学过程中起着重要的作用问，因此对这类反应体系进一步探讨有一定的意义·及实验部分（1）试剂和仪器a一氨基丙酸和其它试剂都不低…     

碱性介质中二(碲酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根氧化乙二醇一乙醚的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中用分光光度法研究了二过碲酸合铜(Ⅲ)配离子(DTC)氧化乙二醇一乙醚(EGE)的反应动力学及机理。反应速率表明:反应对DTC为准一级,对EGE为分数级;在保持准一级条件([EGE]》[DTC])下,表观速率常数随着OH^-浓度的增加而增大,随着TeO₄^2-浓度的增加而减小;有负的盐效应。据此提出了包括配离子和EGE形成络合物的前期平衡的反应机理,由假设反应机理推出的速率方程能很好的解释全部实验现象,进一步求得速控步的速率常数和活化     

三价银配合物氧化1,4-丁二胺的反应动力学及机理研究

碱性介质中, 在离子强度不变的条件下, 用广度法研究了三价银配合物氧化1,4-丁二胺的动力学及机理. 反应对三价银配合物和都是一级反应, 二级反应速率常数(k’) 随碱浓度的增大而增大,随糕碘酸根离子浓度的增大而减小. 据此提出了适合此反应的反应机理, 并计算得到了反应的热力学参数.     

铬(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在铬(III)离子催化作用下,于25～40℃区间氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学.结果表明反应对铈(IV)和四氢糠醇均为一级.准一级速率常数kobs随催化剂[Cr(III)]增加而增大,亦随[H+]增加而增大,而随[HSO-4]增加而减小.在氮气保护下,反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合,说明在反应中没有自由基产生.提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理.通过kobs与HSO-4的依赖关系,并结合Ce(IV)在溶液中的平衡,找到了本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO4)2.还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

铬(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在铬(III)离子催化作用下, 于25～40 ℃区间氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学. 结果表明反应对铈(IV)和四氢糠醇均为一级. 准一级速率常数k_obs随催化剂[Cr(III)]增加而增大, 亦随[H^＋]增加而增大, 而随增加而减小. 在氮气保护下, 反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合, 说明在反应中没有自由基产生. 提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理. 通过k_obs与的依赖关系, 并结合Ce(IV)在溶液中的平衡, 找到了本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO₄)₂. 还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

二羟基二(原碘酸根)合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化乙醇的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中用分光光度法研究了二羟基二(原碘酸根)合镍(Ⅳ)配离子(DDN)于25～40℃区间氧化乙醇的反应动力学。结果表明,反应对DDN为一级,对乙醇为正分数级。准一级速率常数k_obs随[OH^-]增加而增大,随[IO₄^-]增加而减小。有微弱的负盐效应。在氮气保护下,反应不能引发丙烯酰胺的聚合。提出一个包括Ni(Ⅳ)和乙醇生成加合物前期平衡的反应机理,导出的速率方程满意地解释了所有的实验结果,并计算出平衡常数、速控步骤的速率常数及相应的活化参数。     

Periodate Influencing Diperiodatocuprate(III) Oxidation of Sulfur Containing Amino Acid in Aqueous Alkaline Medium

The diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) oxidation of DL-methionine, a sulfur containing amino acid, was studied spectrophotometrically in alkaline solution. The reaction rate was first order in the concentration of DPC and fractional order in the concentration of DL-methionine. Increasing the OH⁻ concentration decreased the rate of reaction, whereas adding IO₄⁻ enhanced the rate. The reaction was preceded by a small initiation period of about 0.8 minutes. This initiation time decreased when the concentration of IO₄⁻ or DPC increased. Adding the reaction products did not alter the rate of reaction. A mechanism including the intervention of a DL-methionine free radical is proposed and the corresponding rate law is derived. The reaction rate constants are evaluated as well as the activation parameters.     

碱性介质中二羟基二(高碘酸根)合镍(Ⅳ)酸根氧化α-丙二醇的反应动力学及机理

用分光光度法在293.2～308.2K区间研究了碱性介质中二羟基二(高碘酸根)合镍(Ⅳ)酸根(DPN)氧化α-丙二醇(α-PG)的反应动力学及机理.结果表明反应对DPN为准一级,对α-PG为正分数级;在保持准一级条件([α-PG]0 [DPN]0)下,表观速率常数随着[OH-]的增加而增大,随着[IO4-]的增加而减小;无明显的盐效应.据此提出了包括α-PG和MPN形成络合物的前期平衡的反应机理,由假设反应机理推出的速率方程能很好地解释全部实验现象,进一步求得了速控步的活化参数.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Vanillin by Hexacyanoferrate(III) in Aqueous Alkaline Medium

The title reaction was investigated in aqueous alkaline medium. A first-order dependence in hexacyanoferrate(III) concentration and a fractional order in both vanillin and alkali were obtained at the concentrations studied. The added product, hexacyanoferrate(II), had a retarding effect on the rate of reaction. Ionic strength and dielectric constant of the reaction medium have little effect on the reaction rate. The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction has also been studied and activation parameters have been evaluated. A mechanism based on the experimental results is proposed and the rate law is derived. The reaction constants are calculated and used to regenerate the k_obs values, which are compared with the experimental values.     

氢过碘酸）合银（III）配离子氧化L-脯氨酸的反应动力学及机理

L-脯氨酸独有的亚胺基使其在生物医药领域具有许多独特的功能,并广泛用作不对称有机化合物合成的有效催化剂。本文在碱性介质中研究了二（氢过碘酸）合银（III）配离子氧化 L-脯氨酸的反应。经质谱鉴定,脯氨酸氧化后的产物为脯氨酸脱羧生成的 γ-氨基丁酸盐;氧化反应对脯氨酸及Ag(III) 均为一级;二级速率常数 k′ 随 [IO₄^-] 浓度增加而减小,而与 [OHˉ] 的浓度几乎无关;推测反应机理应包括 [Ag(HIO₆)₂]^5-与 [Ag(HIO₆)(H₂O)(OH)]^2-之间的前期平衡,两种Ag（III）配离子均作为反应的活性组分,在速控步被完全去质子化的脯氨酸平行地还原,两速控步对应的活化参数为： k₁ (25 ^oC)＝1.87±0.04（mol·L^-1)^-1s^-1,∆ H₁^≠＝45±4 kJ · mol^-1, ∆ S₁^≠＝-90±13 J· K^-1·mol^-1 and k₂ (25 ^oC) ＝3.2±0.5（mol·L^-1)^-1s^-1, ∆ H₂^≠＝34±2 kJ · mol^-1, ∆ S₂^≠＝-122 ±10 J· K^-1·mol^-1。本文第一次发现 [Ag(HIO₆)₂]^5-配离子也具有氧化反应活性。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulfoxide by N-Chlorosuccinimde in Aqueous Alkaline Medium

The ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide by N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in aqueous alkaline medium is found to occur via substrate-catalyst complex formation followed by the interaction of active species of NCS viz., HOCl and the complex in a slow step to yield the products with regeneration of the catalyst. One of the products, succinimide, retards the rate of reaction. The reaction is first order in [NCS] and [Ru(III)], lower than first order in [DMSO] and of inverse fractional order in [OH^-]. A suitable mechanism is proposed and the reaction constants of individual steps involved in the mechanism have been evaluated. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

二过碘酸合镍(IV)氧化酒石酸钠的动力学

1 引言近年来,关于超常价态过渡金属氧化还原反应动力学的研究逐渐增多。四价镍的各种配合物氧化有机物和低价金属离子的动力学及机理在文献中也有报导.但对Ni(Ⅳ)和高碘酸根的配合物(DPN)氧化有机物的动力学研究尚处于起步阶段.本文采用停止流动分光光度法对DPN在碱性介质中的动力学机理进行了研究。提出了一个包括两组相互平行的两步单电子转移连串反应的反应机理。据此导出了能够解释本文全部实验事实的速率方程,并求得了表观活化参数。     

二(氢过碘酸)合银(III)配离子氧化愈创甘油醚的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中,用传统的分光光度法研究了Ag(III)配离子,即[Ag(HIO6)2]5-,氧化药物分子愈创甘油醚的动力学及其机理.用质谱鉴定了氧化产物;反应对Ag(III)和愈创甘油醚均为一级;在温度25.0-40.0℃范围内,通过分析[OH-]和[IO4-]tot对反应速率的影响,二级速率常数有以下表达式:k′=(ka kb[OH-])K1/｛f([OH-])[IO4-]tot K1｝,在25.0℃及离子强度0.30mol·L-1时,对此反应有ka=(2.6±1.2)×10-2mol-1·L·s-1,kb=(2.8±0.1)mol-2·L2·s-1,及K1=(4.1±0.4)×10-4mol·L-1,求出了涉及ka,kb的活化参数,并据此推出反应机理为反应体系中的[Ag(HIO6)2]5-配离子在前期平衡后,反应活性中心与药物分子形成Ag(III)-过碘酸-愈创甘油醚分子三元配合物,配位甘油醚分子通过两个平行途径将两电子传递给中心原子Ag:一个途径无OH-离子参与,另一途径有OH-参与完成.     

二羟基二过碘酸合镍(IV)氧化氨基丙酸的动力学

在碱性介质中研究了二羟基二过碘酸合镍（Ⅳ）配离子（DDN）氧化α－氨基丙酸的动力学，结果表明，反应对DDN为一级，对α－氨基丙酸为正分数级，准一级速率常数，k_(obs)，随［OH~－］增加而增加，随［IO~-_4］增加而减小，无盐效应也未检出自由基1/k_(obs)对［IO~-_4］有直线关系，表明二羟基一过碘酸合镍（Ⅳ）（DMN）是氧化剂的活性物种，据此很出了一个包括DDN与DMN存在前期平衡和内层一步双电子转移的反应机理．导出的速率方程园满地解释了全部实验现象，并且计算出速控步聚的速率常数，前期平衡常数和活化参数．     

Kinetics of Ir (III)-catalyzed Oxidation of D-glucose by Potassium Iodate in Aqueous Alkaline Medium

The kinetics of Ir (III) chloride-catalyzed oxidation of D-glucose by iodate in aqueous alkaline medium was investigated at 45°C. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to potassium iodate in its low concentration range but tends to zero order at its higher concentration. Zero-order kinetics with respect to [D-glucose] was observed. In the lower concentration range of Ir (III) chloride, the reaction follows first kinetics, while the order shifts from first to zero at its higher concentration range. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to [OH^?] at its low concentration but tends towards zero order at higher concentration. Variation in [Cl^?] and ionic strength of the medium did not bring about any significant change in the rate of reaction. The first-order rate constant increased with a decrease in the dielectric constant of the medium. The values of rate constants observed at four different temperatures were utilized to calculate the activation parameters. Sodium salt of formic acid and arabinonic acid have been identified as the main oxidation products of the reaction. A plausible mechanism from the results of kinetic studies, reaction stoichiometry, and product analysis has been proposed.     

Osmium(VIII)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Some Cyclic Amines by Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III) in Alkaline Media: a Kinetics and Mechanistic Study

Reactions of morpholine, piperidine, and piperazine with Os(VIII)-catalyzed hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline media to produce the corresponding lactam have been studied at constant temperature and ionic strength. The reactions followed first-order kinetics with respect to [amine] and [Os(VIII)] but were independent of [Fe(CN)₆ ^3-] and [OH^-]. The effects of introduced electrolytes, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), relative permitivity, and temperature have also been studied. A mechanism accounting for these results has been proposed.