轴流式涡流管内三维流场的大涡模拟

根据涡流管内可压缩气体的强旋转运动是导致涡流管能量分离的根本原因,提出了在涡流管内加入一个"X"型导流片迫使气流产生强旋转运动,使其进气方式变为轴流式。利用计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法,建立了轴流式和切流式涡流管内部气体流动的三维大涡数值模型,对其内部气流流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明:"X"型导流片可以改变轴向进入气体的运动方向,使气体产生高速旋转运动,得出"X"型导流片的叶片夹角为θ=120°时,气体的旋转效果最好;大涡模拟可以较好地模拟涡流管内气流的三维流场。     

六流道喷嘴涡流管流动与传热数值模拟

为了研究涡流管内部的能量分离机理,建立了六流道喷嘴涡流管的三维数值计算模型,采用Realizable k-ε模型对涡流管的速度和温度分布进行数值模拟,并将涡流管无量纲总温的径向分布与其他研究者的结果进行对比,验证了模拟结果的准确性。结果表明:保持入口压力不变,涡流管的制冷效应随着冷流率的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,存在着一个最佳制冷效应;涡流管内存在着内旋流、外旋流和循环流,循环流的存在使内旋流的能量传递到外旋流中,使得涡流管内存在能量分离现象;能量分离主要发生在涡流室区域附近。     

涡流管能量分离过程的热力学模型

根据工程热力学理论对涡流管工作过程进行了热力学分析,在h—s图上定性地表示出热力过程,获得了过程中相关参数的计算公式。通过对管内能量分离过程热力学分析,借助J．Mischner的热力学熵增理论,获得了涡流管内能量分离效应与冷气流率的函数关系式,建立了完整的涡流管能量分离过程的热力学模型。     

涡流二极管三维强旋湍流流动的数值模拟

为了揭示涡流二极管内三维强旋流动的特性与其阻抗性能的关系,进一步提高涡流二极管正反向流动阻抗比,本文采用Reynolds应力模型对涡流腔内非对称强旋转湍流流动进行了数值模拟,分析了腔内矢量场与标量场的分布特性,基于涡流腔内的涡量分析,得到了涡流腔内旋流的强制涡与自由涡结构及各自区域范围,并研究了涡流腔径宽比对整体性能的...     

用雷诺应力模型计算旋风分离器中气-固两相流动

针对分离器内部的复杂的三维强旋转、气-固两相湍流运动,采用雷诺应力模型(SSG),利用贴体网格技术,模拟计算了分离器内部流动,并将计算结果与实验数据进行分析、比较。分离器内的固体颗粒运动采用涉及湍流扩散影响的随机轨道模型和确定轨道模型,在流场计算的基础上,模拟了不同直径的颗粒在分离器内的运动规律及颗粒分离效率,并同理论和实验得到的数据进行了比较。     

喷嘴结构对涡流管性能影响的研究

以喷嘴形状为研究对象,分别对4流道螺旋喷嘴涡流管和直流喷嘴涡流管的流场及能量分离效应进行数值模拟分析,并将其结果进行对比。研究结果表明:配有螺旋喷嘴的涡流管能获得更大的切向速度与轴向速度;在一定范围内,涡流管冷端温差随着冷流率的增大而减小,热端温差随着冷流率的增大而增大;当冷流率为0.4时,涡流管单位制冷量与制热量都达到最大值。相比于直流喷嘴,配有螺旋喷嘴的涡流管能获得更好的能量分离效果。     

三流道喷嘴涡流管能量分离特性的研究

涡流管是一种可以产生冷热分离效应的结构简单的装置,尽管其在结构和操作上非常简单,但管内发生的能量交换过程却极其复杂。以压缩空气作为涡流管的工作介质,对涡流管能量分离特性进行了实验研究,获得了涡流管制热效应、制冷效应与进气压力以及冷流率之间的关系。研究结果表明:在冷流率 μ_c<85％时,喷嘴进口压力愈高,三流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷效应愈好,制热效应也愈好;冷流率愈高,三流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷效应愈差,但三流道喷嘴涡流管的制热效应愈好。     

可压缩混合层气动光学效应研究

建立具有普适性的流场光学传输效应计算方法,针对脉动流场的光学传输计算方法可以预测空间非均匀分布的脉动流场引起的光学传输效应.以高阶紧致差分格式求解三维可压缩滤波N-S方程,对可压缩混合层流动进行空间模式的大涡数值模拟,得到流动失稳转捩直至完全湍流的空间发展全过程,采用时间模式的直接数值模拟进行对比验证.分析流动不同阶段对光学传输效应的影响,初步讨论流场特性与光学传输效应之间的联系,计算结果表明,在转捩区域流场引起的成像畸变最为严重.     

转子发动机流场的测试和数值模拟

为了研究端面进气转子发动机工作过程中缸内气流的运动规律,建立了可视化转子发动机实验台,利用PIV对发动机内部的流场进行了测试。实验结果显示缸体中心截面上存在逆时针涡流结构,测试区域内的气流整体上呈现沿逆时针方向的运动趋势。同时为了进一步解释实验所发现的现象,在FLUENT软件的基础上通过编程实现了三维网格运动并选择了合理的湍流模型,在与实验数据进行对比的基础上建立了可靠的三维动态模拟模型。通过实验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究获得了转子发动机的三维流动机理。     

叶顶端板对H型风力机气动特性与三维绕流场的影响

本文采用笛卡尔动网格方法数值模拟研究了叶顶端板对H型垂直轴风力机非定常气动特性与三维黏性绕流场的影响。选用SST湍流模型,假设全流场为湍流流动。叶尖速比为1.86~2.57,以实验模型为研究对象,对未加装叶顶端板的H型风力机进行了三维数值模拟研究。在实验模型的基础上给每个叶片的顶部分别加装了端板,采用同样的数值模拟方法,选择低、中、高三个叶尖速比研究了带有叶顶端板的H型风力机的三维非定常气动特性。利用不带端板和带有端板的风力机模型计算得到的功率系数与实验数据进行了比较,讨论了单个叶片和风轮载荷沿周向的变化,分析了一个旋转周期叶顶附近相对速度的变化规律,揭示了加装端板后风力机气动载荷提高的原因。     

Qualitative comparison between numerical and experimental results of unsteady flow in a radial diffuser pump

Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental results for unsteady flow field in a radial diffuser pump is presented for the design operating point. The numerical result is obtained by solving three-dimensional, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations by the commercial CFD code CFX-10 withk-ω based shear stress transport turbulence model. Two-dimensional PIV measurements are conducted to acquire the experiment result. The phase-averaged velocity and turbulent kinetic energy fields are compared in detail between the results by the two methods in the impeller, diffuser and return channel regions. The qualitative comparison between CFD and PIV results is quite good in the phase-averaged velocity field. Although the turbulence level by PIV is higher than that by CFD generally, the main turbulence features are nearly the same. Furthermore, the blade orientation effect and other associated unsteady phenomena are also examined, in order to enhance the understanding on impeller-diffuser interaction in a radial diffuser pump.     

Unsteady flow visualization at part-load conditions of a radial diffuser pump: by PIV and CFD

The present study provides flow visualization on complex internal flows in a radial diffuser pump under part-load conditions by using the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code CFX-10 with Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence model. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements have been conducted to validate numerical results. The CFD results show good agreements with experimental ones on both the phase-averaged velocity fields and turbulence field. The detailed flow analysis shows that no separation occurs at 0.75Q_des although a low-velocity zone develops on the rear impeller suction side. Steady flow separations are observed on the impeller suction sides at 0.5Qdes but with different onsets and amounts. When reducing the flow rate to 0.25Q_des, CFD predicts different types of back flows in the impeller region, including steady leading edge separations, rotating vortex in the impeller wake region, and back flow on the impeller pressure side.     

Modulation of homogeneous shear turbulence laden with finite-size particles

The dynamics of homogeneous shear turbulence laden with spherical finite-size particles is investigated using fully resolved numerical simulations to understand how the presence of particles modulates turbulent shear flows. We focus on a dilute flow laden with non-sedimenting particles whose diameter is slightly smaller than or comparable with those of vortex cores in turbulence. An immersed boundary method is adopted to represent a spherical finite-size particle. Numerical results show that the presence of particles augments the viscous dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy, which leads to a slower increase in the turbulence energy. Although the augmentation of energy dissipation occurs predominantly inside viscous layers surrounding particles in an initial period, the contribution from their outside becomes more significant due to the modification of turbulence structures as turbulence develops. It is found that the particles exhibit weak tendency to accumulate in vortex layers. The particles approaching and colliding with vortex layers induce large velocity fluctuations, which leads to the generation and shedding of thin vortex tubes. Newly generated vortex tubes interact with developed vortex tubes and layers, and modify the entire structure of the vorticity field.     

An experimental study on swirling flow in a 90 degree circular tube by using particle image velocimetry

The study of swirl flow is of technical and scientific interest because it has an internal recirculation field, and its tangential velocity is related to the curvature of the streamline. The fluid flow for tubes and elbows of heat exchangers has been studied largely through experiments and numerical methods, but studies about swirl flow have been insufficient. Using the Particle Image Velocimetry method, this study found the time averaged velocity distribution, time averaged turbulence intensity with swirl and without swirl flow for Re=10,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 25,000 along longitudinal sections, and the results appear to be physically reasonable. In addition, streamwise mean velocity distribution was compared with those of Khodadai et al. and Jeong et al.     

旋流和无旋突扩流动的LES和RANS模拟

本文用smagorinsky-Lilly亚网格尺度湍流模型对旋流突扩流动(s=0.53)和无旋突扩流动(s=0)进行了大涡模拟(LES模拟),同时分别用压力应变项为IPCM和IPCM+Wall模型的雷诺应力方程模型进行了RANS模拟,和LES的统计结果对比。LES的统计结果与雷诺应力模型的模拟结果及实验对照表明,LES结果与实验结果的吻合比雷诺应力模型的好,说明所用的亚网格尺度湍流模型对旋流流动是适用的,LES结果是可信的。LES的瞬态结果揭示出在旋流作用下,流场中存在复杂的旋涡脱落现象。大涡结构极易破碎成小涡,而在无旋突扩流动的情况下,由于剪切的作用更强,大涡结构的尺寸和范围比旋流流动的要大。     

A numerical analysis on flow field and heat transfer by interaction between a pair of vortices in rectangular channel flow

This paper is a numerical study of the effect of flow field and heat transfer created by interactions between a pair of vortices generated by a vortex generator in a rectangular channel flow. In order to analyze the vortices produced by the vortex generator, the pseudo-compressibility method is introduced into the Navier–Strokes (NS) equation of a three-dimensional unsteady, incompressible viscous flow. A two-layer k–ε turbulence model is used on the flat plate three-dimensional turbulence boundary to predict the turbulence characteristics of the vortices. The computational results accurately predict the vortex characteristics, which are related to Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and flow field. Also, in the prediction of thermal boundary layers, skin friction characteristics, and heat transfers, the present results are reasonably close to the experimental results obtained by other researchers.     

液排渣粉煤旋风燃烧器内流场的数值模拟

本文采用数值计算的方法对液排渣粉煤旋风燃烧器内的流场进行了模拟。在研究中运用分散颗粒群模型建立了燃烧器内三维等温流场的数学模型。流场的计算采用了ＳＩＭＰＬＥ及其系列方法，其中湍流计算采用ｋ－ε模型。模型计算结果与实验结果基本吻合，证明了模型的可靠性。     

风电场地形绕流的CFD结果确认研究

掌握复杂地形区域的风能分布对风电场微观选址至关重要.为把CFD技术应用于风场中实际地形的风流动模拟,本文选择三种具有实验数据的典型地形进行数值计算,并对数值结果进行确认研究.文中简述了不同网格和不同湍流模型对旋涡位置和速度分布的影响,并探讨了为增加风能利用率,如何确定风力机的最佳安装位置.     

Kinetic modeling of a high power fast-axial-flow CO2 laser with computational fluid dynamics method

A new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for the simulation of fast-axial-flow CO2 laser is developed.The model which is solved by CFD software uses a set of dynamic differential equations to describe the dynamic process in one discharge tube.The velocity,temperature,pressure and turbulence energy distributions in discharge passage are presented.There is a good agreement between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results.This result indicates that the parameters of the laser have significant effect on the flow distribution in the discharge passage.It is helpful to optimize the output of high power CO2 laser by mastering its kinetic characteristics.