钙处理对桥梁钢耐大气腐蚀性能的影响

以NaCl+NaHSO₃溶液为腐蚀介质,采用干/湿周浸加速腐蚀实验、失重分析、XRD、SEM和电化学方法,研究了钙(Ca)处理对桥梁钢在湿热工业-海洋大气中腐蚀行为的影响. 结果表明：Ca处理前后,实验钢的腐蚀深度随时间变化曲线总体符合幂函数W=Atn分布规律,锈层主要由非晶物质和少量晶体α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、Fe₃O₄组成. 微量Ca能促进铁素体生成、强化钢表面保护膜,以阻止裸钢的快速腐蚀;还能细化钢组织晶粒、抑制腐蚀产物的晶体转变,以细化锈层颗粒、减少锈层缺陷产生,进而改善锈层的致密性.     

Kinetics and mechanism of anodic dissolution of gold in aqueous solution of 1,4-diaminobutane

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The corrosion of the Au anode in aqueous solution of 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB) was studied by gravimetric analysis. The corrosion products were found to reduce at a steel...     

Effect of biofilm on naval steel corrosion in natural seawater

The behaviour of steel in natural environments is not only dependent on material properties and environmental aggressiveness, but also on micro-organisms which can exist within it. The electrochemical evolution of the interface formed on BV-grade A naval steel exposed to natural seawater in the presence and absence of marine micro-organisms has been studied over 30?days. The results obtained by electrochemical techniques including linear polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that a heterogeneous layer formed by a mixture of corrosion products and biofilm grew on the material surface in natural seawater, producing an increase of the corrosion rate and then a decrease in the corrosion resistance under diffusion process. In this case, the protective layer formed by the corrosion products can be subject to the localised breakdown. In sterile seawater, the formation of two layers at the metal surface generated by organic and/or inorganic compounds deposits (outer layer) and corrosion products (inner layer) is concluded. Using our experimental data, electrical models are proposed. They describe the impedance distribution for carbon steel exposed to both environments. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis and optic microscope reproductions were obtained. They allowed an interpretation of the effect of the marine biofilm on the behaviour of the carbon steel in seawater.     

尿素对土壤中碳钢微生物腐蚀的影响

采用失重、极化曲线和阻抗谱等方法研究了尿素对土壤中微生物腐蚀(MIC)的影响. 研究结果表明, 在接菌土壤中尿素加速碳钢的腐蚀, 而在灭菌土壤中抑制其腐蚀. 接菌土壤中由于硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的存在,腐蚀产物中检测到FeS₂. 电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的结果表明, 在实验后期腐蚀过程由浓差极化控制.     

Estimation of Corrosion Rate of AISI 1016 Steel by the Analysis of Polarization Curves and Using the Method of Measuring Ohmic Resistance

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry - By the example of the study of AISI 1016 steel corrosion in the HCl solution, the potentialities of various methods for determining the corrosion currents are...     

Inhibition effect of butan-1-ol on the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel (Type 304) in dilute sulfuric acid

The electrochemical behavior of austenitic stainless steel (Type 304) in 3 M sulfuric acid with 3.5% recrystallized sodium chloride at specific concentrations of butan-1-ol was investigated with the aid of potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit measurement and weight loss technique. Butan-1-ol effectively inhibited the steel corrosion with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 78.7% from weight-loss analysis and 80.9% from potentiodynamic polarization test at highest concentration studied. Adsorption of the compound obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic calculations reveal physiochemical interactions and spontaneous adsorption mechanism. Surface characterizations showed the absence of corrosion products and topographic modifications of the steel. Statistical analysis depicts the overwhelming influence and statistical significance of inhibitor concentration on the inhibition performance.     

张力对斜拉桥拉索镀锌钢绞线腐蚀行为影响

应用伏安极化法和中性盐雾腐蚀试验研究了张力作用下斜拉桥拉索镀锌钢绞线在5%NaC l溶液中腐蚀行为.腐蚀产物理化性质由XRD、TG-DTA等测试表征.结果表明,镀锌钢绞线的腐蚀电流,即腐蚀速率随试验前施加的张力增加而增大,其产生白锈的盐雾试验周期小于1,经15~22 kN张力作用后的镀锌钢绞线,产生红锈的盐雾试验周期为16,而经0、10 kN张力作用的钢绞线,产生红锈的周期则延长至23,钢绞线腐蚀产物主要是Zn5C l2(OH)8.H2O、Zn4(CO3)(OH)6.H2O和ZnO.     

Study of the corrosion products formed on carbon steel surface in hydrochloric acid solution

Effect of an antibacterial drug, sulfacetamide, IUPAC name N-[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] acetamide (APSA), on the corrosion products formed on carbon steel surface in 1.0?mol?L^?1 HCl solution has been investigated using mass loss, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and simultaneous thermal and differential scanning calorimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DSC/DTA). Mass loss measurements reveal that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is retarded by APSA and that the inhibition efficiency of this inhibitor increases with increasing the concentration. XPS analysis shows that, at this stage, the main product of corrosion is a non-stoichiometric Fe³⁺ oxyhydroxide, consisting of a mixture of FeO(OH) in anhydrous or hydrated forms, containing Cl^? inclusions and adsorbed APSA molecules. The mechanism of inhibition was discussed in light of the chemical structure of the investigated inhibitor. The corrosion products were analyzed using TG/DSC/DTA technique.     

锌铝层状双金属氢氧化物焙烧物对钢筋的缓蚀作用研究

在空气气氛下合成了锌铝层状双金属氢氧化物(Zn-Al LDHs)和焙烧物(Zn-Al CLDHs),扫描电镜结果表明,所制得的双金属氢氧化物具有明显的层状结构. 文中研究了Zn-Al CLDHs 对钢筋的腐蚀保护效果,Zn-Al CLDHs固体在NaCl 溶液中浸泡处理3 h 后,钢筋的腐蚀速率显著降低. 实验证明,Zn-Al CLDHs 在结构重组过程中可吸收溶液中的Cl^-,同时释放出OH^-,改善腐蚀环境,有效抑制钢筋的腐蚀.     

腐蚀后的镀锌钢板表面电子显微表征

通过扫描电子显微镜及其附带的X射线能谱仪对镀锌钢板表面出现腐蚀锈斑、耐腐蚀性能不合格的原因进行了分析.结果表明:镀锌钢板通过热镀工艺生产出来后,未给予足够的镀后防护,同时长时间露在腐蚀性环境中,受到腐蚀产生了白锈甚至红锈,最终导致其耐腐蚀性能不合格,通过一些改进措施可有效的解决质量问题.     

Corrosion behavior of the steel used as a huge storage tank in seawater

Open-circuit potential (OCP), polarization curve, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement were used to investigate the corrosion behaviors of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel and mild steel in seawater. Both steels were used in the construction of a huge oil storage tank. The OCP results show that the HSLA steel quickly reached more negative E _OCP values than the mild steel. Polarization curve results reveal that the HSLA steel exhibits higher corrosion currents and more negative corrosion potentials than the mild steel. EIS measurements reveal that both steels exhibit similar corrosion behaviors up to 144 h, one increased capacitance loop can be shown in EIS diagrams. The mild steel presents higher corrosion resistances than the HSLA steel at former stage, which is associated with the effect of the grain size. After 240 h of immersion, both steels present different corrosion behaviors. The EIS diagrams exhibit two capacitance arcs for the HSLA steel and one capacitance arc for the mild steel, which is due to the formation of intact corrosion scales on the electrode surface of the HSLA steel as to introduce a new reaction interface. The HSLA steel exhibits higher corrosion resistances than the mild steel at latter stage of experiment, which is ascribed to the synthetic actions of residual Fe₃C and the protective property of corrosion products.     

Barnacle cement: An etchant for stainless steel 316L?

Localized corrosion of stainless steel beneath the barnacle-base is an unsolved issue for the marine industry. In this work, we clearly bring out for the first time the role of the barnacle cement in acting as an etchant, preferentially etching the grain boundaries, and initiating the corrosion process in stainless steel 316L. The investigations include structural characterization of the cement and corroded region, and also chemical characterization of the corrosion products generated beneath the barnacle-base. Structural characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the morphological changes in the cement structure across the interface of the base-plate and the substrate, modification of the steel surface by the cement and the corrosion pattern beneath the barnacle-base. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the corrosion products show that they are composed of mainly oxides of iron thereby implying that the corrosion is aerobic in nature. A model for the etching and corrosion mechanism is proposed based on our observations.     

渗铝钢在海水中的电化学行为研究

应用化学浸泡实验,电化学测试技术研究渗铝钢在海水中的电化学行为.试验表明,在海水中渗铝钢的腐蚀电位比20#钢的负,其阳极活性大于后者,在低电位下发生阳极溶解.20#钢和渗铝钢的腐蚀速率分别为5.80mg/dm2·d和3.36mg/dm2·d.渗铝钢在海水中具有优良的耐蚀性能是由于环境遮断和电偶保护的综合效果.其腐蚀产物含有氯离子,说明氯离子参与海水中的腐蚀过程,是导致腐蚀的主要原因.渗铝钢除了表层形成的Al、Fe化合物和致密、连续、具有高效防护作用Al的氧化物保护膜外,Al Fe合金层起到牺牲阳极的电化学保护作用.     

Corrosion and oxidation resistance properties of titanium-containing low-alloy steel

An innovative technique of using conventional low-alloy steel as the prefabricated starting material and pure titanium and aluminium as alloying additions has been employed in this study for obtaining titanium-containing corrosion and oxidation resistant low-alloy steel. Corrosion resistant iron-titanium alloys have also been developed, which may find use in the hardware of phosphoric acid making plants and other equipment. The corrosion and oxidation resistance properties of these alloys have been exhaustively studied using modern electrochemical techniques. Initially the alloying element compatibility range was worked out for titanium in iron, by determining the optimum physicochemical properties of the iron-titanium matrix corresponding to a particular titanium percentage. This value was then extrapolated to the low-alloy steel matrix, assuming the prefabricated low-alloy steel (SAE 8620) to be an impure iron (due to the lower concentration of alloying elements like Mn, Si, P, S, Cr, Ni, Mo, etc.), for obtaining a resistant low-alloy steel. Ti 5%-SAE 8620 low-alloy steel matrix revealed superior resistance to oxidation and corrosion compared to SAE 8620 alloy. Received: 31 May 1999 / Accepted: 19 October 1999     

镀锌扁钢电力接地材料在NaCl介质中的腐蚀特性

应用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和中性盐雾腐蚀试验法,研究电力接地材料镀锌扁钢在5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）观察与表征镀锌扁钢样品腐蚀的表面形貌及其产物性质.结果表明,在20～60℃温度范围内,镀锌扁钢腐蚀电流随温度升高而增大,60℃时腐蚀速率达到0.8408mA.cm-2（...     

EIS characterization of the evolution of calcium carbonate scaling in cooling systems in presence of inhibitors

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to assess the relative effects of scaling and corrosion for steel electrodes in cooling water media and to obtain information on corrosion inhibition and scale inhibition properties of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPA). Steel electrodes were preliminary scaled with CaCO₃ in simulated cooling water and then immersed in the characterization solution. Analysis of the impedance spectra with a simple model allowed following of the time evolution of physical parameters corresponding to the calcium carbonate islands and to the corrosion products accumulated in areas not covered by the scale. In uninhibited solutions, the main effect was the progressive deposit of corrosion products with no additional scaling and little restructuring of the initial carbonate islands. When the solution contained HEDP alone, part of the initial scale was detached from the surface, but the presence of HPA or the mixture HPA+HEDP only induced structural modifications of the initial scale. Moreover, the impedance analysis also showed that HPA exhibited better corrosion inhibition properties than HEDP.     

深海静水压力环境下低合金高强度钢腐蚀行为研究

通过自行设计的深海环境模拟装置,采用静态挂片失重、动电位极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等方法系统研究了深海静水压力环境下低合金高强度钢（HSLA钢）在3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并与常压下的结果对比,探讨了静水压力下HSLA钢在深海环境中的腐蚀行为. 结果显示,静水压力并没有改变HSLA钢在3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀历程,不甚影响其阴极过程,而主要提高了其阳极腐蚀速率,这可能与高静水压下Cl-活性的增加有关.     

盐湖地区暴露25个月的碳钢表面锈层分析

通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IRS)和电化学测试技术分析了碳钢在盐湖大气环境下暴露25个月后上下表面的锈层特征. 结果表明, 碳钢上下表面腐蚀量相似, 锈层中均富有Cl、Mg和Si等外来元素. 两个表面的腐蚀产物都主要由β-FeOOH、Fe8(O,OH)16Cl1.3和少量的γ-FeOOH组成, 最外部分的锈层中还检测到Fe3O4和δ-FeOOH. 电化学测试结果表明, 锈层对基体腐蚀具有抑制作用, 锈层保护性随暴露时间增加而增加.     

Determination of As and Sb in iron and steel by neutron activation analysis with multiple gamma-ray detection

Recycled steel products demands a new technique for determining tramp elements in steel. In this paper, As and Sb in iron certified reference materials were determined by neutron activation analysis with the multiple gamma-ray detection method. The determined values are in good agreement with certified and reference values. The lower determination limits (LDL) for As and Sb in high purity iron are 0.012 and 0.0025 ppm, respectively. As the demanded LDL for As and Sb is 0.1 ppm, the method described in this work is suitable for determining As and Sb in recycled steel.     

Study on the anodic behavior of AISI E52100 steel in two fluorine-containing ionic liquids

Ionic liquids have a number of excellent applications such as a kind of promising lubricants which have attracted considerable attention. In this work, we investigated corrosion properties which were found in the use of ILs formed by a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and a fluorine-containing anion as lubricants of AISI E52100 steel. Electrochemical tests were used to study the anodic behavior of AISI E52100 steel, and surface analysis was performed to study the surface morphology. The electrochemical results showed that increasing temperature accelerates corrosion of the alloy in two kinds of ionic liquids. The data obtained from polarization curves and EIS suggested that the anodic process of the E52100 steel showed generally an active dissolution and increasing temperature can accelerate the corrosion of the steel. At the same time, the main difference as revealed by SEM–EDS plots was that localized corrosion with some irregular etch pits occurred in [Bmim]BF₄ ionic liquid; however, a product layer covered uniformly on the surface of metal in [Bmim]PF₆. The results of XPS spectrum indicated that the corrosion products formed on the surface of the AISI E52100 steel are mainly composed of FeO, Fe₂O₃, FeF₂ and FeF₃.