广西电子废弃物逆向物流网络模糊规划设计

随着低碳时代的到来,如何有效回收和处理日益增多的电子废弃物已引起人们高度关注.在电子废弃物资源化利用过程中,逆向物流网络构建是一个关键环节.设计电子废弃物逆向物流网络,利用模糊参数描述不确定的回收量,构建电子废弃物逆向物流网络模型,借助模糊规划思想和解决方法,将所建模糊规划模型清晰化求解.针对不同置信水平对模型进行分析,得出在南宁、贵港及柳州建立中转仓库、处理中心和填埋场.     

模糊环境下的城市生活垃圾逆向物流网络设计

在垃圾回收逆向物流网络中,回收的数量具有不确定性,根据这一特点,将各消费区域垃圾回收量看成模糊参数,提出了逆向物流网络的模糊约束机会规划模型,通过把模型中模糊机会约束清晰化,将模型转化为确定性的混合整数规划模型,通过算例对模型进行了求解,为逆向物流网络设计提供了依据.     

随机环境下再制造逆向物流网络选址研究

针对逆向物流网络的多目标性和回收废旧产品数量的不确定性,在再制造产品和新产品可相互替代的情形下,建立了随机多目标规划模型.通过求解该模型,可以确定逆向物流网络中设施的位置、数量以及设施间的流量分配.对模型中的机会约束,将其转化为各自的确定性等价类,采用主目标法对多目标问题加以处理.通过Lingo 11.0对模型算例进行求解,并分析了当置信水平和可回收量波动时网络结构和最小成本的变化,进而验证模型的稳定性.     

考虑需求不确定的多级应急物流设施选址研究

为了对急物流设施选址问题进行合理的研究,建立了包含配送中心、配送点和需求点的多级应急物流网络。基于应急物资需求特点,使用三角模糊数表示应急物资需求的不确定性,同时考虑应急救援成本和应急救援时间两个目标,建立了应急物流设施选址模型。采用去模糊化方法将三角模糊数转化为确定数,利用成本和时间的单目标的最优结果将多目标转化为相对值,再对时间和成本目标进行加权处理,既消除了不同目标之间的单位及数量级差异,还可以进行动态调整。设计了遗传算法对模型进行求解,通过实际算例表明了模型和算法可以有效地解决应急物流设施选址问题。     

考虑回收-补偿约束的卫星城镇生活垃圾中转站选址研究

为进行卫星城镇WSW中转站优化选址,本文结合城镇中转站选址经济、社会、环境负效应等相关影响因素细化分析,确定了城镇中转设施分步优化模型方法。该方法结合规范约束距离改进LSCP模型,于待选点中确定一次覆盖所有收集点的设施备选组合,而后应用综合考虑了建设运营成本、负效应、回收效率的多目标整数规划模型最终确定中转站位置、收纳量与服务分配方案。通过实例分析,验证了本文方法实用性与合理性。     

基于最小碳排放的逆向物流回收网络优化

针对目前日益加剧的环境问题,在逆向物流的回收网络规划中,加入了碳排放的因素,构建了一个两阶段的逆向物流回收网络模型,重点在于解决逆向物流过程中的回收中心、加工中心的选址问题,回收路径的选择问题以及客户回收需求的分配问题.选取实例,并采用lingo11.0编码求解,结果表明当单位碳排放系数达到一定数值时,企业基于碳排放最小的逆向物流回收网络选择方案所产生的固定费用要优于企业不考虑碳排放时所选择的方案所产生的费用.并且,考虑碳排放的逆向物流的社会总成本是更优的,这更有利于社会的资源配置.     

动态不确定性-药品物流多中心选址优化研究

本文以国家药品带量集中采购为背景。为提高药品配送安全和时效，降低药品配送成本。基于大数据思想，根据备选药品物流中心所在地近20年遭受自然灾害的数据，构建备选药品物流中心未来遭受自然灾害的预测模型，在综合考虑药品配送安全性、配送成本、环保成本、时间满意度和实时路况下，构建动态不确定性-药品物流多中心选址-路径优化模型。根据所研究问题的特点，为提高算法的效能，本文充分利用模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM),粒子群算法(PSO)和禁忌搜索算法(TS)等各自优点，设计了PSO-FCM-TS混合算法。最后，根据国家药品集中带量采购招标结果数据，对模型和算法进行了验证、对比和分析，研究结论为药品物流企业决策提供了科学依据。     

专利保护下快递包装回收再制造模式分析

针对专利保护下快递包装回收再制造模式选择问题进行研究.首先,分别构建了快递包装生产商"自收自造"、"他收自造"及"他收合造"三种模式,运用逆向归纳法进行求解,得到了三种模式下的最优决策、最优利润以及再制造成本节约是闭环供应链各方进行再制造的主要驱动力;其次,在联合回收模式下,基于消费者对回收价格敏感程度不同,讨论物流服务商和再制造商回收价格的高低,并将三种模型的回收量进行比较,给出快递包装生产商选择最优回收量的建议;再次,基于消费者对回收价格敏感程度和无偿回收量,得出快递包装生产商选择最优回收模式的范围;最后,通过模拟仿真,验证了结论的正确性.研究结果对快递包装生产企业具有实际指导意义.     

轴辐式同城快递网络模式研究

随着快递网点密度的稠密化,网络结构设计优劣直接关系到快递公司的运营成本和服务水平。针对快递公司的同城快递市场,在不改变现有网点规模选址的基础上改变网点的从属,结合轴辐式网络结构模式设计来提升其时效并优化成本和资源投入。以运输成本最小为目标,建立了带分支流向约束的枢纽选址模型,设计了高效的禁忌搜索算法对问题求解并验证了算法的有效性。最后提供相应的集散点选址分配解决方案,有利于整合资源形成规模效应,同时提供了同城快递分区管理依据,避免因网络结构复杂引起管理和运营混乱;从长远来看,有利于节约运营成本,增加其快递网络的柔性,降低运作管理的难度。     

快递企业航空货运网络的构建

快递业竞争激烈,构建高效合理的航空货运网络是快递企业提高竞争力的重要手段。“枢纽—辐射”式航空货运网络是整合航空快递资源、提高航空快递资源利用效率、提高快递企业竞争力的有效模式。本文以降低航空快递网络成本、加快航空快递处理时间为目标,从航空快递网络枢纽的选取、指派关系的确定、枢纽个数的选择三个方面研究了航空快递网络模型建立问题,选用遗传算法求解不同枢纽个数下航空快递网络的运输成本,并据此进行枢纽的选取,运用重力模型法进行指派关系的确定,在此基础上运用超效率DEA模型确定枢纽个数。接着,以包含17个节点的顺丰航空快递网络的规划为例,对本文所提出的模型和算法进行了验证,验证结果证实了模型的合理性。本文的研究为快递企业构建航空货运网络提供了科学实用的方法,该方法的使用可以降低航空货运成本,提高效率,从而提高快递企业的竞争力。     

Optimisation of integrated reverse logistics networks with different product recovery routes

The awareness of importance of product recovery has grown swiftly in the past few decades. This paper focuses on a problem of inventory control and production planning optimisation of a generic type of an integrated Reverse Logistics (RL) network which consists of a traditional forward production route, two alternative recovery routes, including repair and remanufacturing and a disposal route. It is assumed that demand and return quantities are uncertain. A quality level is assigned to each of the returned products. Due to uncertainty in the return quantity, quantity of returned products of a certain quality level is uncertain too. The uncertainties are modelled using fuzzy trapezoidal numbers. Quality thresholds are used to segregate the returned products into repair, remanufacturing or disposal routes. A two phase fuzzy mixed integer optimisation algorithm is developed to provide a solution to the inventory control and production planning problem. In Phase 1, uncertainties in quantity of product returns and quality of returns are considered to calculate the quantities to be sent to different recovery routes. These outputs are inputs into Phase 2 which generates decisions on component procurement, production, repair and disassembly. Finally, numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis are carried out to better understand the effects of quality of returns and RL network parameters on the network performance. These parameters include quantity of returned products, unit repair costs, unit production cost, setup costs and unit disposal cost.     

A dynamic pricing approach for returned products in integrated forward/reverse logistics network design

During the last decade, the stringent pressures from environmental and social requirements have spurred an interest in designing a reverse logistics network. In this paper, we address the problem of designing and planning a multi-echelon, multi-period, multi-commodity and capacitated integrated forward/reverse logistics network. Returned products are categorized with respect to their quality levels, and a different acquisition price is offered for each return type. Furthermore, the reservation incentive of customers, the expected price of customers for one unit of used product described by uniform distribution, is applied to model the customers’ return willingness. Due to the fact that the remaining worthwhile value in the used products is the corporation’s key motivation for buying them from customers, a dynamic pricing approach is developed to determine the acquisition price for these products and based on it determine the percentage of returned products collected from customer zones. The used products’ acquisition prices at each time period are determined based on the customers’ return willingness by each collection center.     

带固定轴线成本的轴辐式网络设计问题

带固定轴线成本的轴辐式网络设计问题广泛应用于第三方物流、邮政和航空运输等领域. 现有研究主要考虑了枢纽站的节点成本, 本研究则强调合并运输的固定轴线成本. 固定轴线成本的必要性在于：轴辐式网络中的轴线运输需要借助更大型的运输工具, 因此必须支付固定成本. 建立了该问题的混合整数规划模型, 探讨了最优解特征, 并构造了求解问题的拉格朗日松驰算法, 实验显示算法具有非常好的求解效率与求解质量. 同时, 还讨论了一个重要的扩展问题：增加O-D流的绕道约束, 绕道约束常常应用于快递运输和应急物流等领域. 在局部修改原算法的基础上提供了扩展问题的求解方案.     

Multi-criteria logistics modeling for military humanitarian assistance and disaster relief aerial delivery operations

Given that it is not always feasible to reach an affected area via land or sea within the first week following a natural disaster, aerial delivery provides the primary means to rapidly supply the affected population. Further, it is often the case that high density delivery of humanitarian aid supplies are taken over by non-friendly groups within the affected population. By using direct airdrop systems to deliver large quantities of individually wrapped food and water items, dispersion among the affected disaster relief population will occur more quickly. In this paper, we proffer a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to optimize the military humanitarian assistance/disaster relief (HA/DR) aerial delivery supply chain network. The model uses stochastic, mixed-integer, weighted goal programming to optimize network design, logistics costs, staging locations, procurement amounts, and inventory levels. The MCDA framework enables decision-makers to explore the trade-offs between military HA/DR aerial delivery supply chain efficiency and responsiveness, while optimizing across a wide range of real-world, probabilistic scenarios to account for the inherent uncertainty in the location of global humanitarian disasters as well as the amount of demand to be met.     

Multi-period reverse logistics network design for used refrigerators

This paper focuses on the design of a multi-stage reverse logistics network for product recovery. Different recovery options such as product remanufacturing, component repairing and material recycling are simultaneously considered. Initially, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model – with a profit maximization objective – for the network design problem. The structure of the product, by way of bill of materials (BOM), is also incorporated into the proposed model in order to analyze the flow at component and material levels. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the effects of variations in the values of the input parameters such as product return quantity, unit transportation cost per unit distance, and unit processing cost. The analysis shows that the design decisions of different facilities considerably change even for 5–20%% variations in input parameter values. This led to the development of a refined mathematical model which incorporates variations in the different input parameter values over time. The new model provides a unified design for the entire planning horizon and has been validated with the design of a used refrigerator recovery network.     

带退货和软时间窗的多仓库选址-路径问题研究

选址-路径问题(location routing problems, LRP)是集成物流网络研究中的难题,也是任何一个大型物流配送企业必须面对的管理决策问题。本文在仓库容量约束和车辆容量约束的基础上,结合送取货一体化的配送模式和客户服务时间要求,建立了带退货和软时间窗的多仓库选址-路径(MDLRP)数学模型。针对MDLRP问题求解的复杂性,引入局部搜索算法和重组策略,设计了自适应混合遗传算法,对模型进行整体求解。最后进行数值实验,表明本文提出的模型和改进算法具有实用性和优越性,可为选址和车辆运输决策提供重要参考依据。     

Reverse logistics network design for product recovery and remanufacturing

Due to environmental concerns, reverse logistics now is becoming an important strategy to increase customer satisfaction. This research develops a generic mixed integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) for reverse logistics network design. This is a multi-echelon reverse logistics model. It maximizes total profit by handling products returned for repair, remanufacturing, recycling, reuse, or incineration/landfill. A hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve the problem. The designed model is validated and tested by using a real-life example of recycling bulk waste in Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Sensitivity analyses are conducted on various parameters to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed model. Post-optimality analysis and comparison show that the proposed model performs better than current reverse logistic operations and the proposed hybrid GA demonstrates the efficiency of solving the complex reverse logistics problem.     

Performance analysis and design of supply chains: a Petri net approach

In this paper, we investigated a dynamic modelling technique for analysing supply chain networks using generalised stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs). The customer order arrival process is assumed to be Poisson and the service processes at the various facilities of the supply chain are assumed to be exponential. Our model takes into account both the procurement process and delivery logistics that exist between any two members of the supply chain. We compare the performance of two production planning and control policies, the make-to-stock and the assemble-to-order systems in terms of total cost which is the sum of inventory carrying cost and cost incurred due to delayed deliveries. We formulate and solve the decoupling point location problem in supply chains as a total relevant cost (sum of inventory carrying cost and the delay costs) minimisation problem. We use the framework of integrated GSPN-queuing network modelling—with the GSPN at the higher level and a generalised queuing network at the lower level—to solve the decoupling point location problem.     

A two-level network for recycling sand: A case study

In the Netherlands, the recycling of construction waste and in particular of sand creates an important logistic problem. New legislation ensures that disposal is reduced to a minimal level and this incentives recycling. Such measures cause an increase on the offer of sand (a subproduct of recycling construction waste) and create the need for establishing an efficient sand network. The sand problem falls into the field of reverse logistics management since it deals with processing returned goods (sieved sand). We propose a two-level location model for the sand problem and consider its optimization using heuristic procedures. The results obtained for the sand recycling network in the Netherlands are summarized.     

基于客户信用度的物流配送车辆路径问题研究

针对当前城市物流配送过程中普遍存在的客户中途取消订单、无故退换货等交易违约问题,引入客户信用度的测度方法。根据客户历史交易违约数据计算客户信用值,并转化求解客户信用度,构建了包含车辆配送成本、租赁成本以及违反时间窗惩罚成本的配送路径优化模型。设计了一种遗传(GA)-禁忌搜索(TS)混合算法进行模型求解,在算法过程中应用精英保留策略进行循环迭代寻优。结合重庆某外卖物流配送网络的实例数据,验证了模型和算法的有效性和可行性。实验结果给出了不同服务策略下的物流配送调度方案,并进行了基于客户信用度的客户配送服务序列调整比较和敏感度分析。研究表明客户信用等级的合理划分可以有效降低物流配送成本和提高客户服务水平。