模糊环境中带交易费用的投资组合策略问题

由于金融市场是波动的,风险资产的预期收益率由于很多不确定性是很难估计的,本文考虑预期收益率是可能性分布(模糊数),并且在此基础上用模糊数的可能性均值表示投资组合的收益,用模糊数的平均绝对偏差表示风险,考虑了交易费用后,得到投资组合模型,最后给出了数值计算的例子.     

投资组合模型

本文建立了考虑交易费用情况下的市场资产组合投资模型,并采用偏好系数加权法对资产的预期收益和总风险进行评价,给出在不同偏好系数下的模型最优解,然后模型讨论了一般情况下的最优投资求解方法,给出定理,在总金额大于某一量值时,可化为线性规划求解。     

基于收益及收益偏差平方和多期组合投资

本文在分析Markowitz组合投资的基础上,建立考虑交易费用的收益偏差平方和极小化和收益率极大化的动态资产的投资组合模型.通过调整多期投资组合各期的投资数量,保障投资者根据股票市场变化进行易于操作的、相对合理的投资调整策略,为投资者进行风险管理提供决策依据.最后通过释例进行了说明.     

具有交易费用和马氏调制的均值-方差组合选择

研究了均值-方差准则下,最优投资组合选择问题.投资者为了增加财富它可以在金融市场上投资.金融市场由一个无风险资产和n个带跳的风险资产组成,并假设金融市场具有马氏调制,买卖风险资产时,考虑交易费用.目标是,在终值财富的均值等于d的限制下,使终值财富的方差最小,即均值-方差组合选择问题.应用随机控制的理论解决该问题,获得了最优的投资策略和有效边界.     

基于VaR的房地产投资组合模型设计与应用

本文以风险和收益的动态刻画为核心,在房地产投资组合中引入基于VaR模型的风险评价,通过资产收益和预提费用在持有期内的现值构造效用函数,建立基于VaR的投资组合优化模型,实现房地产投资的最优组合。对于上海房地产市场两种不同资产进行组合的实证分析表明该模型具有一定的实用性和有效性。     

基于偏度的多期组合投资调整模型

由于不同时期资产收益率以及投资者对风险和收益偏好的变化，加之资金等条件的限制，大多数组合投资问题具有明显的动态特征。本文把单期投资组合拓展到多期，引入偏度和风险度量工具VaR，并考虑交易费用的影响，建立了多期投资组合调整模型。最后，给出实证分析对模型进行分析研究，这对投资者的连续投资行为具有一定的指导作用。     

基于在线理论的股票算法交易策略研究

运用在线理论研究多支股票算法交易策略。在El-Yaniv等人研究基础上,构造了单支股票买入问题的在线策略,证明该策略为最优在线策略;将构造的单支股票交易策略应用到多支股票交易策略问题中,设计了多支股票交易策略算法,并以每支股票收益加权进行投资组合;最后选择上证A股二十支股票从2009年到2012年的交易时间价格数据验证本文所提策略有效性。将20支股票随机抽取10支组成一组,选4组分别进行验证,结果表明本文所给策略对于任意选择的多支股票有较好收益。对交易周期分别选取10个偶数长度进行验证,发现交易周期为18天时平均收益最大,平均收益率为5.2%。     

基于交易量限制的多阶段均值-CVaR投资组合模型

本文考虑资产收益率服从Laplace分布的多阶段均值-CVaR投资组合模型.结合摩擦市场对投资的一些限制因素,建立了带有最小交易量和交易费用限制的收益最大化多阶段投资组合模型,并利用绝对值函数的性质,将该模型转化为混合整数线性规划形式,用Lingo或Matlab求解.最后在证券市场上随机选取了四只股票进行了实证分析,验证了模型的可行性.     

资本市场的最佳投资组合

市场上有多种可提供投资者选择的资产。本文试图对各种收益和风险进行分析,在一定的标准下给出全部资产组合的效益前沿,即有效资产组合,为投资者提供参考。 在建立模型时,考虑到资本市场的实际情况,我们对题目的条件作了适当的简化和补充。由于用于投资的资金M很大,我们忽略了单位资产的交易费用u_i。同时我们允许从银行贷款进行投资,以增加投资的灵活性,我们把资产的平均收益率和风险损失率作为各种资产及组合的收益和风险地定量描述,用计算机模拟了各种可能的投资组合,得到了完整的风险——收益图,直观地给出了有效资产组合的区域,并给出了精确的计算方法计算资产组合集合的效率前沿。使不同类型的投资者都可以找到最佳的投资组合。 最后,我们指出了一些在模型中没有考虑进去的因素,并分析了这些因素可能对模型产生的影响,并提出了模型的改进方向,以满足对预测的可靠程度要求更高的投资者的需求。     

收益序列相关的动态资产-负债管理

以条件期望体现风险资产收益的相关性,建立了资产收益序列相关时资产-负债管理的动态均值-方差模型.采用Li和Ng(2000)的嵌入法,构造了一个具有二次效用函数的辅助问题,利用动态规划方法及原问题与辅助问题最优策略之间的关系,得到了原问题的最优投资组合策略和有效边界.     

含有背景风险的双目标投资组合模型研究

投资者进行投资实践时无不面临着背景风险。绝大多数以均值方差为框架的投资组合并没有考虑背景风险,其效用在实际应用中容易受到背景风险的影响。本文在含有交易费用的双目标函数模型中引入背景风险,从是否含有背景风险和背景风险偏好度大小两方面对投资组合问题展开研究,并使用智能算法得到模型的最优解,对模型进行实证分析。实证结果表明:1)当背景风险收益为0时,含有背景风险的投资组合比不含有背景风险的投资组合更能反映真实的投资环境。2) 当背景风险收益不为0时,含有背景风险的投资组合比不含有背景风险的投资组合得到更高的收益。因此,考虑背景风险后投资组合的构建优于不考虑背景风险投资组合的构建。     

A stochastic programming model using an endogenously determined worst case risk measure for dynamic asset allocation

We present a new approach to asset allocation with transaction costs. A multiperiod stochastic linear programming model is developed where the risk is based on the worst case payoff that is endogenously determined by the model that balances expected return and risk. Utilizing portfolio protection and dynamic hedging, an investment portfolio similar to an option-like payoff structure on the initial investment portfolio is characterized. The relative changes in the expected terminal wealth, worst case payoff, and risk aversion, are studied theoretically and illustrated using a numerical example. This model dominates a static mean-variance model when the optimal portfolios are evaluated by the Sharpe ratio. Received: August 15, 1999 / Accepted: October 1, 2000?Published online December 15, 2000     

Portfolio-optimization models for small investors

Since 2010, the client base of online-trading service providers has grown significantly. Such companies enable small investors to access the stock market at advantageous rates. Because small investors buy and sell stocks in moderate amounts, they should consider fixed transaction costs, integral transaction units, and dividends when selecting their portfolio. In this paper, we consider the small investor’s problem of investing capital in stocks in a way that maximizes the expected portfolio return and guarantees that the portfolio risk does not exceed a prescribed risk level. Portfolio-optimization models known from the literature are in general designed for institutional investors and do not consider the specific constraints of small investors. We therefore extend four well-known portfolio-optimization models to make them applicable for small investors. We consider one nonlinear model that uses variance as a risk measure and three linear models that use the mean absolute deviation from the portfolio return, the maximum loss, and the conditional value-at-risk as risk measures. We extend all models to consider piecewise-constant transaction costs, integral transaction units, and dividends. In an out-of-sample experiment based on Swiss stock-market data and the cost structure of the online-trading service provider Swissquote, we apply both the basic models and the extended models; the former represent the perspective of an institutional investor, and the latter the perspective of a small investor. The basic models compute portfolios that yield on average a slightly higher return than the portfolios computed with the extended models. However, all generated portfolios yield on average a higher return than the Swiss performance index. There are considerable differences between the four risk measures with respect to the mean realized portfolio return and the standard deviation of the realized portfolio return.     

Portfolio rebalancing model with transaction costs based on fuzzy decision theory

The fuzzy set is one of the powerful tools used to describe an uncertain environment. As well as quantifying any potential return and risk, portfolio liquidity is taken into account and a linear programming model for portfolio rebalancing with transaction costs is proposed. The level of return that an investor might aspire to, the risk and the liquidity of portfolio are vague in an uncertain financial environment. Considering them as fuzzy numbers, we propose a portfolio rebalancing model with transaction costs based on fuzzy decision theory. An example is given to illustrate the behavior of the proposed model using real data from the Shanghai Stock Exchange.     

Asset allocation with distorted beliefs and transaction costs

In this paper we study the problem of the optimal portfolio selection with transaction costs for a decision-maker who is faced with Knightian uncertainty. The decision-maker’s portfolio consists of one risky and one risk-free asset, and we assume that the transaction costs are proportional to the traded volume of the risky asset. The attitude to uncertainty is modeled by the Choquet expected utility. We derive optimal strategies and bounds of the no-transaction region for both optimistic and pessimistic decision-makers. The no-transaction region of a pessimistic investor is narrower and its bounds lie closer to the origin than that of an optimistic trader. Moreover, under the Choquet expected utility the structure of the no-transaction region is not necessarily a closed interval as it is under the standard expected utility model.     

Mean-variance portfolio rebalancing with transaction costs and funding changes

Investment portfolios should be rebalanced to take account of changing market conditions and changes in funding. Standard mean-variance (MV) portfolio selection methods are not appropriate for portfolio rebalancing, as the initial portfolio, change in funding and transaction costs are not considered. A quadratic mixed integer programming portfolio rebalancing model, which takes account of these factors is developed in this paper. The transaction costs in this portfolio rebalancing model are composed of fixed charges and variable costs, including the market impact costs associated with large market trades of individual securities, where these variable transaction costs are assumed to be non-linear functions of traded value. The use of this model is demonstrated and it is shown that when initial portfolio, funding changes and transaction costs are taken into account in portfolio construction and rebalancing, MV efficient portfolios that include risk-free lending do not have the structure expected from portfolio theory.     

多约束的多阶段积极投资组合模型及实证研究

构建投资组合时需要衡量其风险, 除了考虑组合本身的风险暴露, 还需考虑其相对基准组合的风险暴露. 再者, 确定组合权重时需要根据市场的规则加入合适的约束. 基于此, 为了较为完整地考虑现实投资组合面临的风险及交易约束, 将绝对风险(CVaR)和相对风险(跟踪误差)作为风险约束, 将交易成本、卖空限制和多元权值作为交易限制约束, 构建一个新的多阶段投资组合模型, 并利用动态规划和非线性优化方法进行求解. 最后, 利用上证50成分股中41只股票构建投资组合进行实证研究. 实证结果表明构建的多阶段投资组合模型能持续战胜基准组合且优于单阶段投资组合, 同时也表明模型考虑多元权值约束具有现实意义.     

Portfolio optimization under D.C. transaction costs and minimal transaction unit constraints

This paper addresses itself to a portfolio optimization problem under nonconvex transaction costs and minimal transaction unit constraints. Associated with portfolio construction is a fee for purchasing assets. Unit transaction fee is larger when the amount of transaction is smaller. Hence the transaction cost is usually a concave function up to certain point. When the amount of transaction increases, the unit price of assets increases due to illiquidity/market impact effects. Hence the transaction cost becomes convex beyond certain bound. Therefore, the net expected return becomes a general d.c. function (difference of two convex functions). We will propose a branch-and-bound algorithm for the resulting d.c. maximization problem subject to a constraint on the level of risk measured in terms of the absolute deviation of the rate of return of a portfolio. Also, we will show that the minimal transaction unit constraints can be incorporated without excessively increasing the amount of computation.