基于靶序列循环及DNA长距自组装的电化学传感器用于乳腺癌相关序列c-erbB2的检测

基于"核酸外切酶(ExoⅢ)辅助靶序列循环"和"DNA长距自组装"两种信号放大技术研制了一种DNA电化学生物传感器,并将其用于乳腺癌相关靶序列的高灵敏、高特异性检测。通过将发卡型探针固定在金电极表面,当靶序列存在时,在ExoⅢ的辅助下,发生杂交、酶降解、再杂交的第一重信号放大过程。接着在电极表面加入两条辅助探针,即可发生级联式杂交,形成长距超级"三明治"DNA结构。该结构可吸附大量的电活性分子六氨合钌配合物(RuHex),产生很强的电化学信号,从而实现信号的第二重放大。实验结果表明,在最佳条件下,该传感器的线性范围为10 amol/L~10 pmol/L,检出限达到8 amol/L,而且能较好地识别完全互补和错配序列,有望用于临床实际样本中超低含量靶序列的检测。     

基于纳米金探针和基因芯片的DNA检测新方法

运用荧光纳米金探针和基因芯片杂交建立一种新的DNA检测方法. 荧光纳米金探针表面标记有两种DNA探针: 一种为带有Cy5荧光分子的信号探针BP1, 起信号放大作用; 另一种为与靶DNA一部分互补的检测探针P532, 两种探针比例为5∶1. 当靶DNA存在时, 芯片上捕捉探针(与靶DNA的另一部分互补)通过碱基互补配对结合靶DNA, 将靶DNA固定于芯片上; 荧光纳米金探针通过检测探针与靶DNA及芯片结合, 在芯片上形成“三明治”复合结构, 最后通过检测信号探针上荧光分子的信号强度来确定靶DNA的量. 新方法检测灵敏度高, 可以检测浓度为1 pmol/L的靶DNA, 操作简单, 检测时间短. 通过改进纳米金探针的标记和优化杂交条件, 可进一步提高核酸检测的灵敏度, 这将在核酸检测方面具有重要的应用价值.     

基于免标记发夹型探针和核酸外切酶Ⅲ的荧光信号放大DNA检测

设计合成了一种长臂发夹型核酸探针,结合核酸外切酶Ⅲ水解反应建立了一种免标记荧光信号放大高灵敏检测DNA的新方法.当不存在靶DNA时,SYBR GreenⅠ荧光染料能够嵌入发夹型探针的茎部而发出很强的荧光,而当存在靶DNA并与发夹型探针杂交后,核酸外切酶Ⅲ从杂交产物的3'端开始水解发夹型探针,释放出靶DNA,并触发下一个酶水解反应,同时SYBR GreenⅠ染料也随发夹型探针水解而释放,导致荧光信号降低,从而实现了对DNA的免标记荧光信号放大高灵敏检测.该方法的检出限低至320 fmol/L,比传统双标的分子信标的方法降低了4~5个数量级,且该方法还具有免标记、简单、快速的特点.     

基于电沉积导电聚合物薄膜的高灵敏DNA电化学传感器

利用电沉积导电聚合物薄膜,提出了一种对乳腺癌相关的BRCA-1基因的高灵敏检测方法．以Au电极表面自组装DNA捕获探针,利用电沉积在DNA修饰电极表面固定含Ss^2＋/3＋的导电高分子作为电子传递媒介体．通过夹心法杂交目标靶DNA及辣根过氧化物酶标记的信号DNA探针．靶DNA杂交的信号探针上的辣根过氧化物酶与检测溶液中的过氧化氢反应,采用时间．电流（T-I）法,可以灵敏检测BRCA-1基因,其检测限可以达到10fM．     

基于三维DNA纳米结构的电化学SNP检测

单碱基多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP）一直以来被认为可以作为疾病诊断的有效标记,所以这方面的研究一直备受关注.现有的检测方法多在均相体系中进行.相比较而言,在界面上如果能方便快捷地区分SNP,此方法在医疗检测方面的应用性就可以大为加强.我们成功地利用DNA自组装技术在金电极表面组装了四面体结构的DNA纳米结构探针（tetrahedron structure probes,TSPs）,有效地控制界面上DNA组装的密度,使得基于四面体结构的DNA探针的杂交行为更接近于溶液相体系,进而实现了在原有界面上受限于异相反应而无法较好完成的SNP分型检测.在TSP和作为信号分子的reporter DNA之间只有6个互补配对碱基的条件下,就可以得到大于10倍的信噪比.相对地,在传统的单链DNA组装上6个碱基的作用力不足以实现良好的信噪比.同时,基于TSP的金电极组装模式由于较厚的四面体组装层所得到的有效空间,更利于DNA杂交反应以及复杂结构的形成.我们使用了Y-支状的DNA杂交策略分别在TSP和单链上做了对比,发现TSP能非常好地区分SNP,而传统单链上在Y-支状DNA杂交策略的条件下区分度就非常有限.这两点都充分地体现了TSP更接近于溶液相体系的优越性,这种三维DNA探针的优越性为我们研究和应用DNA纳米技术在界面反应提供了新的可能.     

功能化纳米金增强的DNA电化学检测和序列分析

用冠以大量二茂铁的纳米金微粒 /抗生蛋白链菌素结合物为标记物 ,将其标记于生物素修饰的寡聚核苷酸片段上 ,制成了具有电化学活性和纳米金放大作用的DNA电化学生物传感器 .首先采用巯基DNA和巯基烷烃混合自组装膜制备了金修饰电极 ,将探针DNA分子固定在了电极表面 ,运用杂交原则结合靶点分子在电极表面形成了双螺旋的DNA链 ,然后借助抗生蛋白链菌素和生物素之间的强亲和作用 ,引入了功能化的纳米金 .通过伏安法测定了修饰在纳米金上的二茂铁的氧化还原电流 ,可以识别和测定溶液中互补的靶点DNA ,17 mer靶点DNA的浓度在 0 .0 0 1～ 10nmol/L范围内有线性关系 ,检测限可达 0 .75× 10 -12 mol/L .     

基于纳米金胶标记DNA探针的电化学DNA传感器研究

以纳米金胶为标记物,将其标记于人工合成的5-端巯基修饰的寡聚核苷酸片段上,制成了具有电化学活性的金胶标记DNA电化学探针;在一定条件下,使其与固定在玻碳电极表面的靶序列进行杂交反应,利用ssDNA与其互补链杂交的高度序列选择性和极强的分子识别能力,以及纳米金胶的电化学活性,实现对特定序列DNA片段的电化学检测以及对DNA碱基突变的识别.     

基于DNA杂交链式反应和杂交空位的无标记荧光检测DNA研究

基于DNA杂交链式反应(Hybridization chain reaction,HCR)的信号放大策略,通过在参与HCR反应的发夹型DNA中设计一个特殊碱基,HCR反应后,该碱基对位出现杂交空位,利用杂交空位与荧光小分子(2-Amino-5,6,7-trimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine,ATMND)特异性结合产生的荧光淬灭效应,构建了一种无标记、无酶、灵敏的DNA检测体系。利用凝胶电泳和原子力显微镜等对目标DNA引发两个发夹型DNA交替自组装形成的超级长链进行了表征。通过对杂交盐浓度和ATMND浓度等条件的优化,获得了满意结果。相比于未利用此放大信号策略的分析方法,灵敏度提高了两个数量级,目标DNA浓度在5.0~72.7 nmol/L浓度范围内与荧光比值(F/F0)呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0 nmol/L。     

基于酶催化沉积质量放大的压电免疫传感器的研究

提出了一种酶催化沉积质量放大的高灵敏压电免疫传感器. 采用1,6-二巯基己烷在石英晶振上自组装一单分子层, 再通过另一端巯基连接胶体金, 利用胶体金的高比表面积和强吸附作用力增加抗IgG抗体的固定量, 同时借助胶体金优良的生物亲和性保持抗IgG抗体的活性. 在H2O2存在下, 通过标记在抗人IgG抗体上的HRP酶催化底物DAB(3,3′-联苯二胺), 反应中生成的不溶性产物沉积到石英晶振的Au电极表面, 达到质量放大的目的. 结果表明, 检测人IgG在16 ng/mL-100 μg/mL范围内有很好的线性关系, 检测下限为10 ng/mL, 在用于实际试样的回收率测定中, 结果良好.     

基于金纳米棒的DNA超灵敏检测研究

采用氯金酸和硼氢化钠为原料合成金纳米粒子,在含有CTAB的生长溶液中加入一定量的种子溶液成长形成金纳米棒。在金纳米棒表面分别组装两种不同的巯基寡核苷酸探针,并通过靶探针进行"三明治"杂交。采用透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外光谱对杂交体系进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的金纳米棒分布均匀、分散性好,对寡核苷酸的检测限可达1pmol/L,能明显区分正错配。该方法简单易行,可应用于DNA、蛋白质等生物分子的识别。     

Mechano-transduction of DNA hybridization and dopamine oxidation through electrodeposited chitosan network

While microcantilevers offer exciting opportunities for mechano-detection, they often suffer from limitations in either sensitivity or selectivity. To address these limitations, we electrodeposited a chitosan film onto a cantilever surface and mechano-transduced detection events through the chitosan network. Our first demonstration was the detection of nucleic acid hybridization. In this instance, we electrodeposited the chitosan film onto the cantilever, biofunctionalized the film with oligonucleotide probe, and detected target DNA hybridization by cantilever bending in solution (static mode) or resonant frequency shifts in air (dynamic mode). In both detection modes, we observed a two-order of magnitude increase in sensitivity compared to values reported in literature for DNA immobilized on self-assembled monolayers. In our second demonstration, we coupled electrochemical and mechanical modes to selectively detect the neurotransmitter dopamine. A chitosan-coated cantilever was biased to electrochemically oxidize dopamine solution. Dopamine's oxidation products react with the chitosan film and create a tensile stress of approximately 1.7 MPa, causing substantial cantilever bending. A control experiment was performed with ascorbic acid solution. It was shown that the electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid does not lead to reactions with chitosan and does not change cantilever bending. These results suggest that chitosan can confer increased sensitivity and selectivity to microcantilever sensors.     

Viscosity monitoring with a piezoelectric quartz crystal and its application to determination of endotoxin by gelation of limulus amebocyte lysate

A piezo-electric quartz crystal is used to monitor viscosity changes in a liquid. A resistance, included in the electrical equivalent circuit of the crystal, and the resonance frequency change of the crystal, measured by an impedance analyzer, are used for the viscosity measurement. Endotoxin concentrations are determined with this system by the gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate. The gelation time is computed by using an approximation to a polynomial equation from the resistance or the resonance frequency change. The gelation time measured was in good agreement with that obtained conventionally. The detection limit is 1 pg ml^?1. The maximum rate of change of the resistance was confirmed as a good index of endotoxin concentration in order to shorten the measurement time to ? 40 min. The changes in the resistance or resonance frequency were also considered as indices of endotoxin concentration.     

Latex piezoelectric immunoassay: detection of agglutination of antibody-bearing latex using a piezoelectric quartz crystal

A method for immunoassay of CRP (C-reactive protein) was developed using a piezoelectric quartz crystal. Previous immunoassays using a piezoelectric crystal have required the formation of a thin film on the crystal, to which an antibody is affixed. The occurrence of antigen-antibody reaction increases the weight attached to the crystal surface, which causes a reduction in the oscillation frequency. In our method, the frequency reduction was observed using antibody-bearing latex without any film. One possible mechanism of the frequency change is that the crystal acts as a sensing apparatus for viscosity or density change in the solution due to aggregation of latex particles. The detection limit was almost the same as that for latex photometric immunoassay (LPIA). The present method has been designated as latex piezoelectric immunoassay (LPEIA).     

Detection of trichinosis using TSM immunosensor

A thickness shear mode (TSM) immunosensor was developed for detection of trichinosis in this paper; antibody was immobilized on to the surface of a quartz crystal precoated with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer. The sensor interacted sensitively with trichinosis antigen and produced a change in resonant frequency of the quartz crystal. The fractal analysis was proposed for both processes. This method was applied to the detection of some samples with different amount antigen sera diluted by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and good results were obtained.     

Characterization of DNA immobilization and subsequent hybridization using in situ quartz crystal microbalance, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance

We have characterized the immobilization of thiol-modified oligomers on Au surfaces and subsequent hybridization with a perfectly matched or single-base mismatched target using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The surface density of immobilized probe molecules and the hybridization efficiency depending on the type of buffer and salt concentration were investigated. We observed some ambiguities in surface coverage deduced from QCM measurement and adopted a complementary fluorescence displacement method. Direct comparison of surface coverage deduced from frequency change in QCM measurement and determined by the fluorescence exchange reaction revealed that QCM results are highly overestimated and the amount of overestimation strongly depends on the type of buffer and the structure of the film. Discrimination capability of the surface attached 15-mer probe was also examined using a single-base mismatched target at various hybridization temperatures. Hybridization efficiency depending on the type of single base mismatch was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).     

A Piezoelectric Sensor for Dissolved Careon Dioxide

Abstract

Piezoelectric crystals undergo a change in vibrational frequency proportional to a change in their mass. A sensor based on this microweighing principle was investigated for use in continuous monitoring of dissolved CO₂. The crystal coated with a primary amine was sealed into a compartment covered with a gas permeable membrane. A probe utilizing a didodecylamine coated crystal and a microporous Teflon filter membrane measured dissolved carbon dioxide in aqueous samples. A differential mode of measurement with a reference probe referred to water vapor was used to compensate for water vapor interference.     

Improvement of latex piezoelectric immunoassay: Detection of rheumatoid factor

Latex piezoelectric immunoassay is a method for detection of agglutination of antibody- or antigen-bearing latex by immunoreaction using a piezoelectric quartz crystal; the agglutination decreases the oscillation frequency of the crystal. This is advantageous in that coating the surface of the crystal followed by fixation of antibody or antigen is unnecessary. There is, however, a drawback, and to improve this, we designed a micro-cell in which only one side of the crystal is exposed to the solution. A method for regenerating the crystal was also devised. Measurement was carried out using a calibration curve of the frequency change against rheumatoid factor activity. The improvement made it possible to use one crystal repeatedly and reproducibility was satisfactory. The calibration curve became almost independent of the crystal used.     

QCM-DNA biosensor based on plasma modified PT/TiO2 nanocomposites

A quartz crystal microbalance DNA biosensor based on plasma prepared polythiophene /titanium dioxide (PT/TiO₂) nanocomposite was developed for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). DNA hybridization was studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Single stranded DNA probes were immobilized on the PT/TiO₂ coated quartz crystal electrode and the hybridization between the immobilized probe and the target complementary sequence in solution was monitored. The developed QCM-DNA biosensor represented promising results for a real-time, label-free, direct detection of DNA samples for the screening of genetically modified organisms.     

压电晶体传感器阵列在补体系统免疫分析中的应用

将压电石英晶体阵列应用于补体系统免疫分析中,从而发展了一种新型的同步免疫分析方法,并对补体系统的四种成分（C4,C5,C1q,B因子）进行了分析测试。通过对不同条件（即抗体效价不同）下的多组分分析物进行同步检测,研究了补体系统免疫反应的特性和该传感器阵列的响应特性。差频信号的测量消除了粘度、温度和电导率的影响,同时对该传感器阵列晶体间的干扰进行了测试。该方法操作简单、准确、灵敏度较高。     

磁场作用下葡萄糖近红外光谱检测技术研究

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了磁场强度对葡萄糖溶液近红外光谱的影响,发现磁场作用下葡萄糖的近红外光谱吸收强度和部分峰位发生显著变化。分析了磁场对葡萄糖溶液近红外光谱吸收的影响机理。采用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立了磁场作用下葡萄糖溶液的定量分析模型,使用验证集进行验证。研究结果表明,磁场对葡萄糖分子基团偶极矩产生诱导作用,使偶极矩增大,吸收增强;同时磁场作用下,葡萄糖分子趋于沿平行于磁场的方向排列,其基团振动频率(特征吸收峰)吸光度与浓度变化的线性关系得到极大的改善。该研究有助于提高葡萄糖分子吸收强度及其测量精度,为进一步提高血糖检测精度提供技术支持。