氨化亚铜预处理聚丙烯腈纤维热稳定化作用的研究

 本文用原位红外光谱法考察了用氯化亚铜(GuCl)预处理过的和未处理的聚丙烯睛(PAN)试样在空气和氮气条件下热稳定化过程。发现反应体系中的环化速率大于脱氢速率,环化反应在240—300℃间进行得最激烈。处理过的试样显示出芳香度发展得快,结构更加稳定。PAN结构中所结合的CuCl在空气中可提高环化速率约1.4倍(260℃),在氮气中可提高坏化速率约43％(340℃)。     

在位红外光谱法研究丙烯腈、二丙酮丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸甲酯三元共聚物的低温热解

本文用傅里叶变换红外光谱法在位连续测定了丙烯腈(AN)、二丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAA)和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)三元共聚物在不同气氛中低温热解时化学结构的变化。据光谱峰的变化规律,发现共聚物在空气中热解时脱氢和氧化主要在环化反应发生之后;在氧气中热解时脱氢和氧化主要发生在环化反应之前;在氮气中热解时仅有环化和脱氢反应。在比较各气氛中的成环序列长度时,在氮气中热解环序列在275℃以下稍短;275℃以上稍长。共聚物羰基增加的相对含量与热解时间的平方根成正比。     

用在位X-射线衍射技术对PAN纤维的动态热解特征和环化动力学的研究

本文用在位X-射线衍射技术研究了PAN(聚丙烯腈)纤维的预氧化过程。由广角测得不同温度下试样随热解时间而变化的一系列的解析谱图中计算出样品的结晶度、微晶尺寸、晶面间距和芳构化指数,并对这些参数随实验条件变化的瞬间情况给予了解释。同时,还描述了PAN纤维在预氧化过程中的环化动力学行为。求解了各温度下的环化反应速率和活化参数。     

聚丙烯腈纤维的远红外线热辐射氧化效应的研究

聚丙烯腈(PAN)在空气中热处理时,通过氧化-环化反应可转化为含六元环的大共轭体系的梯形高聚物,它具有半导体性能和很好的耐热性能。长期以来人们对PAN的热处理效应及其机理进行了大量的研究工作。为了避免PAN大分子链的裂解,往往需要缓慢进行热氧化-环化反应。我们考虑到PAN如同许多物质一样易于吸收远红外线的特点,当PAN大分子吸收一定波长的远红外线辐射能后,就会产生共振现象,引起分子和原子的振动和转动加剧,增加运动的能量,使高聚物自身发热。因此,通过加热远红外线     

裂解色谱法研究环化顺—1,4—丁二烯—异戊二烯无规共聚物

如同顺-1,4-聚丁二烯(PBd)和聚异戊二烯(PIP),在一定的催化条件下,顺-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯无规共聚物(PBI,简称丁戊无规共聚物)可生成环化顺-1,4-丁戊无规共聚物(CP-BI)。作者曾报道用裂解色谱法表征环化顺-1,4-聚丁二烯(CPBd),本文对不同组成的CPBI和PBI进行了裂解色谱比较研究。 表1所列试样由实验室合成。用CDS pyro-probe 190型裂解器,SP-2305E型气相色谱仪,FID。裂解温度700℃,裂解时间5秒,色谱柱4mm×3m不锈钢柱,填充20%SE-30固定相(101白色担体),柱温106℃,载气氮气40mL/min。试样量约30μg,放于石英管内,后者再插入     

用磷酸盐预处理制备PAN基活性中空炭纤维

用不同浓度的(NH4)2HPO4溶液和不同浸渍时间处理过的聚丙烯腈(PAN)基中空纤维在空气中270℃预氧化，并在N2气氛下于700℃炭化，随后用CO2气体在800℃活化，测定了PAN基活性中空炭纤维对肌酐、VB12和胆红素的吸附量．考察了(NH4)2HPO4的浓度和浸渍时间对PAN基活性中空炭纤维性能的影响．通过（NH4)2HPO4的预处理可以有效地提高PAN基活性中空炭纤维的活化收率，改善PAN基活性中空炭纤维的吸附性能．     

丙烯腈共聚物动态热产物的在位和在线傅里叶红外光谱研究

用在位和在线傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了丙烯腈(AN)/二丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAA)/丙烯酸甲酯(MA)三元共聚物在氮气中热解时固态和气态产物的动态变化过程。实验结果表明,以300℃下共聚物主要发生先环化后脱氢的反应。在300℃—950℃间,形成的六元环结构继续发生脱氢、脱氮、脱氧以及缩合交联和稠环化,析出HCN、NH₃、CH₄、CO和CO₂等气态产物和形成无定形碳素组元结构的固态残留物。     

芳基乙炔聚合物热分解动力学研究

利用ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ方法研究了聚（ｐ－ＤＥＢ）在氮气和空气气氛中的热分解过程和动力学。实验发现,在氮气中其热分解反应为一步反应,热分解速率较低,热分解４温度随升温速率β的增加而线性增加,在７３０℃下残碳率高达８７％;而在空气中其热分解反应则由多步组成,热分解速率较快,热分解温度低,升温速率对热分解温度影响不大,在６００℃下聚合物已完全分解。在氦气和空气中聚合物的热分解反应均为一级速率对热分解温度不大,     

聚芳醚醚酮的热老化寿命研究

本工作用热重法(TG)研究了聚芳醚醚酮(PEEK)在空气和氮气中的热分解反应过程;确定了PEEK在这两种气氛中的热分解反应模型均符合无规引发断裂模型;在空气中PEEK的热分解显示两个过程,由此计算其在空气中第一阶段的热分解和氮气中的热分解反应活化能分别为214.7kJ/mol和232.2kJ/mol;由热分解反应动力学参数推算出热老化寿命曲线,并讨论了实验条件对结果的影响,进而以失重5%作为材料寿终指标估算出PEEK在氮气和空气中使用10年的最高温度分别为307℃和274℃。     

接枝型偕胺肟树脂/SiO_2功能复合微粒的制备

用偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)对微米级硅胶进行了表面化学改性,采用溶液聚合法,在改性硅胶微粒表面接枝丙烯腈(AN),制备了接枝微粒PAN/SiO2。用盐酸羟胺对接枝PAN进行偕胺肟(AO)化转变,制得了接枝有偕胺肟树脂(PAO)的复合型功能微粒PAO/SiO2。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重(TGA)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术,对接枝微粒PAN/SiO2以及功能微粒PAO/SiO2进行了表征,考察了制备条件对AN的接枝聚合过程及对PAN的偕胺肟化转变过程的影响规律。结果表明,适宜的接枝聚合条件为:引发剂质量分数为1.5%,反应温度为75℃。接枝聚合5h可制得接枝度为0.14g/g的接枝微粒PAN/SiO2。受偕胺肟基团空间位阻的影响,PAN的偕胺肟化转变反应不能进行彻底,适宜的PAN/SiO2偕胺肟化转变反应条件为:介质pH值为6～7,温度70℃,反应时间4h。所制得的功能微粒PAO/SiO2腈基转化率约为78%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.