首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
泥沙清淤技术及其基础研究需要不断发展,通过自制射流发生装置,在水槽中对射流引起的非均匀流水面比降及垂线流速分布全河段变化特点进行了系统试验研究。由于射流的存在,水面比降及垂线流速分布发生较大变化。水面比降射流段上游的比无射流的小,射流段及其下游比无射流的大,而全河段水面比降比无射流时增大。垂线流速分布在射流段及其下游附近发生根本的变化,有射流时,水面附近的流速比底部流速小,垂线平均流速一般小于无射流。上述这些特点与水槽流量和射流量有关,一般而言,水槽流量越大,射流量越大,这些变化越显著。  相似文献   

2.
张小霞  林鹏智 《力学学报》2021,53(4):1018-1027
草本盐沼植物广泛分布于海岸带形成滨海湿地系统, 这些滨海湿地具有生态、旅游、养殖及减灾等多方面价值. 草本植物的消浪作用在海岸稳固和沿海防灾减灾等方面发挥了重要作用. 已有植物消浪研究通常过度简化, 将植物视为刚性圆柱并依赖于调节经验拖曳力系数来提高预测准确度, 对柔性植物与波浪的相互作用机理研究还很欠缺. 草本植物通常由多片柔性叶片和一根柔性相对较小的杆茎组成. 在波浪作用下, 植物的叶片与杆茎产生不同程度的动态变形以及相互作用, 从而改变波浪与植物间的相对运动速度, 使得柔性植物受力特性十分复杂. 本文采用简单柔性结构物受力尺度定律计算单片叶片和单根杆茎受力, 并用遮蔽系数量化叶片与杆茎间相互作用引起的叶片受力降低程度, 提出了波浪作用下柔性草本植物动态受力计算公式. 与单片叶片、单根杆茎和既有叶片又有杆茎的模型植物及真实植物样本测量受力比较表明, 本文提出的植物受力模型可较好地预测植物最大受力及植物受力随波浪周期的变化情况.  相似文献   

3.
带滩槽地形的连续弯道中纵向流速横向分布解析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文基于沿水深积分的动量方程,假定二次流项和弯道附加应力项沿横断面呈线性分布,提出了预测弯道垂线平均纵向流速的解析计算方法,进一步提出了河槽区和河滩区垂线平均纵向流速沿断面分布的求解模式,并将其应用于带滩槽地形的反向连续弯道水槽中. 根据实测数据率定计算参数,该模式可计算不同出口水深条件下断面垂线平均纵向流速分布,计算结果与实测数据吻合良好.分析了线性分布假设中参数随水深变化的取值规律和沿横断面分布特点,并对参数进行了敏感性分析,分析表明线性假设中一次项系数分区位置对流速峰值的大小和位置影响较大,常数项根据地形横比降变化进行分区取值,流速计算值对常数项在水平段和斜坡段分区位置较为敏感,并根据参数的敏感度提出了参数沿水槽的均值作为参考值.讨论了动量方程中二次流项和弯道附加应力项沿弯道的横向分布规律,进一步认识线性假设的适用范围,结果表明线性假设在本文试验水槽中适用于弯道沿程.研究成果有助于认识带滩槽地形的连续弯道纵向流速分布特征及其形成机制.  相似文献   

4.
给出了精确满足所有边界条件的在分布载荷作用下的圆轴扭转问题的解析解,讨论了在此条件下材料力学解的精度.  相似文献   

5.
高坝挑流冲刷坑中掺气水流的流速量测及其特性分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
李永祥  苑明顺 《实验力学》1997,12(1):149-156
本文研究了利用热膜技术量测掺气水流的时均流速和紊动结构有关的技术问题,首次成功地量测了三峡溢流坝模型冲坑中掺气水流的时均流速与脉动流速,并对脉动流速和脉动压强的相关关系作了分析研究,把目前冲坑水流特性的研究推进了一步,对研究冲刷过程和探讨消能机理有重要的理论价值与实际意义  相似文献   

6.
剪切载荷作用下植物细胞的力学特性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据植物细胞的结构特点,以二维问题为研究对象,在已建立的植物单细胞力学模型的基础上,利用有限元方法和MATLAB计算软件研究了单细胞受到剪切载荷作用时,外力、应力、应变及内压间的相互关系,给出了关系曲线图。得出了在剪切情况下,外力、应力、应变及内压之间的关系是非线性的;细胞内压改变量随外力或细胞变形或细胞壁应力的增加而增加;细胞壁的应力随剪切力的增大而增大;细胞将在哪个方向破裂等6个结论。  相似文献   

7.
1 引言对于各向同性和特殊的各向异性弹性楔形体,具有一个弹性对称面,即对称于x_3=0平面,因而平面内位移(u_1,u_2)和平面外位移(u_3)是不耦合的,这样将面内和面外位移各自分开单独处理,可以得到在各种荷载作用下的弹性楔形体的应力场对于一般各向异性弹性楔形体,平面内位移(u_1,u_2)和平面外位移(u_3)通常是耦合  相似文献   

8.
本文利用符拉芒(Flamant)公式导出半平面弹性体在边界上受梯形分布荷载作用下的沉陷公式,同时,还给出了受任意分布荷载作用下的沉陷计算方法。与现行方法相比,提高了计算精度。  相似文献   

9.
在弹性力学Hamilton体系中,利用解析法,考虑圣维南原理所覆盖的解,对横向力作用下悬臂梁固定端应力分布问题进行研究,并对计算结果进行分析。研究结果表明,辛体系解析法采用对偶的二类变量求解,能很好地处理各种复杂边界条件,并且对此类问题的分析具有优越性,计算精度较高。该方法对其他边界问题的研究也具有指导意义。  相似文献   

10.
直接利用力法或位移法求解局部分布载荷作用下超静定结构的内力非常困难。本文利用积分法,借助单个集中载荷作用下的载常数推导了局部均布载荷和局部三角形分布载荷作用下的载常数,从而解决了直接利用位移法求解超静定结构在局部分布载荷作用下的内力问题。根据积分法推导局部分布载荷作用下的载常数要比力法、虚梁法及能量原理等巧妙易懂,可以加深学生对位移法和载常数的理解,拓宽学生的思维空间,具有一定的教学实践意义。  相似文献   

11.
         下载免费PDF全文
This paper presents a 2D analytical solution for the transverse velocity distribution in compound open channels based on the Shiono and Knight method (SKM), in which the secondary flow coefficient (K-value) is introduced to take into account the effect of the secondary flow. The modeling results agree well with the experimental results from the Science and Engineering Research Council-Flood Channel Facility (SERC-FCF). Based on the SERC-FCF, the effects of geography on the secondary flow coefficient and the reason for such effects are analyzed. The modeling results show that the intensity of the secondary flow is related to the geometry of the section of the compound channel, and the sign of the K-value is related to the rotating direction of the secondary flow cell. This study provides a scientific reference to the selection of theK-value.  相似文献   

12.
    
The theory of an eddy viscosity model is applied to the study of the flow in a compound channel which is partially vegetated. The governing equation is constituted by analyzing the longitudinal forces acting on the unit volume where the effect of the vegetation on the flow is considered as a drag force item, The compound channel is divided into 3 sub-regions in the transverse direction, and the coefficients in every region's differential equations were solved simultaneously. Thus, the analytical solution of the transverse distribution of the depth-averaged velocity for uniform flow in a partially vegetated compound channel was obtained. The results can be used to predict the transverse distribution of bed shear stress, which has an important effect on the transportation of sediment. By comparing the analytical results with the measured data, the analytical solution in this paper is shown to be sufficiently accurate to predict most hydraulic features for engineering design purposes.  相似文献   

13.
The theory of poroelasticity is introduced to study the hydraulic properties of the steady uniform turbulent flow in a partially vegetated rectangular channel. Plants are assumed as immovable media. The resistance caused by vegetation is expressed by the theory of poroelasticity. Considering the influence of a secondary flow, the momentum equation can be simplified. The momentum equation is nondimensionalized to obtain a smooth solution for the lateral distribution of the longitudinal velocity. To verify the model, an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) is used to measure the velocity field in a rectangular open channel partially with emergent artificial rigid vegetation. Comparisons between the measured data and the computed results show that the method can predict the transverse distributions of stream-wise velocities in turbulent flows in a rectangular channel with partial vegetation.  相似文献   

14.
    
An analytical solution for predicting the vertical distribution of streamwise mean velocity in an open channel flow with submerged flexible vegetation is proposed when large bending occurs. The flow regime is separated into two horizontal layers: a vegetation layer and a free water layer. In the vegetation layer, a mechanical analysis for the flexible vegetation is conducted, and an approximately linear relationship between the drag force of bending vegetation and the streamwise mean flow velocity is observed in the case of large deflection, which differes significantly from the case of rigid upright vegetation. Based on the theoretical analysis, a linear streamwise drag force-mean flow velocity expression in the momentum equation is derived, and an analytical solution is obtained. For the free water layer, a new expression is presented, replacing the traditional logarithmic velocity distribution, to obtain a zero velocity gradient at the water surface. Finally, the analytical predictions are compared with published experimental data, and the good agreement demonstrates that this model is effective for the open channel flow through the large deflection flexible vegetation.  相似文献   

15.
    
In as paper, an eddycurrent analogy and a brief sketch of required equipment are presented. Values oftorsional rigidity and shearing stresses of a prismatic bar under free torsion can be obtained experimentally to a high degree of accuracy in an instant with this equipment whether the cross-section is bounded bv a single boundary or multi-connected boundaries. The error is les than two per cent generally, as shown in Table 3- ’Hits new analogy can be used extensively to solve various physical problems expressed by Poisson’s (or Laplace’s) equation with constant boundary condition.  相似文献   

16.
    
A simple but applicable analytical model is presented to predict the lateral distribution of the depth-averaged velocity in meandering compound channels. The governing equation with curvilinear coordinates is derived from the momentum equation and the flow continuity equation under the condition of quasi-uniform flow. A series of experiments are conducted in a large-scale meandering compound channel. Based on the experimental data, a magnitude analysis is carried out for the governing equation, and two lower-order shear stress terms are ignored. Four groups of experimental data from different sources are used to verify the predictive capability of this model, and good predictions are obtained. Finally, the determination of the velocity parameter and the limitation of this model are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
    
The governing equation of the discharge per unit width, derived from the flow continuity equation and the momentum equation in the vegetated compound chan- nel, is established. The analytical solution to the discharge per unit width is presented, including the effects of bed friction, lateral momentum transfer, drag force, and secondary flows. A simple' but available numerical integral method, i.e., the compound trapezoidM formula, is used to calculate the approximate solutions of the sub-area discharge and the total discharge. A comparison with the published experimental data from the U. K. Flood Channel Facility (UK-FCF) demonstrates that this model is capable of predicting not only the stage-discharge curve but also the sub-area discharge in the vegetated com- pound channel. The effects of the two crucial parameters, i.e., the divided number of the integral interval and the secondary flow coefficient, on the total discharge are discussed and analyzed.  相似文献   

18.
    
This paper presents a two-dimensional analytical solution for compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains. The depth-integrated N-S equation is used for analyzing the steady uniform flow. The effects of the vegetation are considered as the drag force item. The secondary currents are also taken into account in the governing equations, and the preliminary estimation of the secondary current intensity coefficient K is discussed. The predicted results for the straight channels and the apex cross-section of meandering channels agree well with experimental data, which shows that the analytical model presented here can be applied to predict the flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains.  相似文献   

19.
圆柱形有壳装药侧向飞散速度分布的预估   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张寿齐 《爆炸与冲击》1988,8(3):215-221
对圆柱形有壳装药侧向飞散速度的分布,本文提出了一种改进的预估方法,与实验结果有较好相符。这一方法是从装药侧面冲量分布出发,加以适当变换(经验修正),既比用HEMP程序计算来得省钱,也可象用HEMP程序计算那样适合多种起爆方式。为实用目的,文中还给出了侧向飞散最大速度值的估算方法。  相似文献   

20.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
By choosing a PVC slice to simulate flexible vegetation, we carried out experiments in an open channel with submerged flexible vegetation. A 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter (micro ADV) was used to measure local flow velocities and Reynolds stress. The results show that hydraulic characteristics in non-vegetation and vegetation layers are totally different. In a region above the vegetation, Reynolds stress distribution is linear, and the measured velocity profile is a classical logarithmic one. Based on the concept of new-riverbed, the river compression parameter representing the impact of vegetation on river is given, and a new assumption of mixing length expression is made. The formula for time-averaged velocity derived from the expression requires less parameters and simple calculation, and is useful in applications.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号