Multi-layer cladding leaky planar waveguide for high-power applications

We design a multi-layer cladding large-core planar waveguide that supports a single guided mode. The waveguide works on the principle of higher-order mode discrimination. The cladding of the waveguide is formed by alternate low- and high- index regions, which helps leaking out of higher-order modes while retaining the fundamental mode over the entire length of the waveguide. The structure is analyzed by the transfer-matrix method and the leakage losses of the modes have been calculated. We show that a waveguide formed in silica with numerical aperture 0.24 and core width 10 μm can be designed to exhibit single-mode operation at 1550-nm wavelength. Such a structure should find applications in high-power planar waveguide lasers and amplifiers.     

高功率微波弯曲圆波导设计

 报道了可分别传输TM₀₁模和TE₀₁模的两种弯曲圆波导的设计方法和计算结果。研究表明：所设计的TM01模弯曲波导和TE₀₁模弯曲波导在中心频率上传输效率均超过99.5%,传输效率大于95%的带宽分别达到20.0%和14.4%;该两个弯曲波导也分别适用于传输TE₁₁模和TM₁₁模;水平极化TE₁₁模与TM₀₁模、垂直极化TM₁₁模与TE₀₁模在弯曲圆波导中传输时具有相似的传输效率和频带特性;而垂直极化TE₁₁模、水平极化TM₁₁模由于不易和其它模式耦合,在弯曲波导中传输时具有较高的传输效率。     

高功率微波弯曲矩形波导设计

利用模式耦合理论,在理论推导出弯曲矩形波导TE01模和高阶模之间耦合系数显式表达的基础上,对弯曲矩形波导进行了实例研究。HFSS软件数值仿真结果表明：设计的矩形波导TE01-TE02模式转换器在9.5 GHz转换效率达到99.9%,转换效率大于90%的工作带宽为8.60～10.48 GHz;设计的弯曲矩形波导传输线,可有效传输TE01模,不激励起高阶模式。HFSS数值仿真结果验证了所设计的传输线工作带宽和功率容量均能够满足使用要求。     

高功率微波弯曲圆波导设计

报道了可分别传输TM01模和TE01模的两种弯曲圆波导的设计方法和计算结果。研究表明：所设计的TM01模弯曲波导和TE01模弯曲波导在中心频率上传输效率均超过99.5%,传输效率大于95%的带宽分别达到20.0%和14.4%;该两个弯曲波导也分别适用于传输TE11模和TM11模;水平极化TE11模与TM01模、垂直极化TM11模与TE01模在弯曲圆波导中传输时具有相似的传输效率和频带特性;而垂直极化TE11模、水平极化TM11模由于不易和其它模式耦合,在弯曲波导中传输时具有较高的传输效率。     

Direct high-power laser acceleration of ions for medical applications

Theoretical investigations show that linearly and radially polarized multiterawatt and petawatt laser beams, focused to subwavelength waist radii, can directly accelerate protons and carbon nuclei, over micron-size distances, to the energies required for hadron cancer therapy. Ions accelerated by radially polarized lasers have generally a more favorable energy spread than those accelerated by linearly polarized lasers of the same intensity.     

具有同轴结构的高功率微波弯曲波导设计

基于模式耦合理论,在理论推导出弯曲同轴波导TEM模和同轴TE11模之间耦合系数显式表达的基础上,报道了可传输同轴TE11模的弯曲同轴波导的设计方法和计算结果,并进行了实例研究。数值仿真结果表明：设计的具有同轴结构的弯曲波导,利用不同的同轴空间,在P,L,S波段中心频率0.680,1.575和3.75 GHz处TE11模单模传输效率超过了99.5%,单模传输效率超过90%的工作带宽分别为0.60～0.83,1.10～2.42和3.10～4.16 GHz。该结构的功率容量在各频段均达到了GW量级。     

高功率微波弯曲矩形波导设计

 利用模式耦合理论,在理论推导出弯曲矩形波导TE01模和高阶模之间耦合系数显式表达的基础上,对弯曲矩形波导进行了实例研究。HFSS软件数值仿真结果表明：设计的矩形波导TE01-TE02模式转换器在9.5 GHz转换效率达到99.9%,转换效率大于90%的工作带宽为8.60～10.48 GHz;设计的弯曲矩形波导传输线,可有效传输TE01模,不激励起高阶模式。HFSS数值仿真结果验证了所设计的传输线工作带宽和功率容量均能够满足使用要求。     

Tunable circularly-polarized turnstile-junction mode converter for high-power microwave applications

Frequency tunability has become a subject of concern in the field of high-power microwave(HPM) source research.However, little information about the corresponding mode converter is available. A tunable circularly-polarized turnstilejunction mode converter(TCTMC) for high-power microwave applications is presented in this paper. The input coaxial TEM mode is transformed into TE_(10) mode with different phase delays in four rectangular waveguides and then converted into a circularly-polarized TE_(11) circular waveguide mode. Besides, the rods are added to reduce or even eliminate the reflection. The innovations in this study are as follows. The tunning mechanism is added to the mode converter, which can change the effective length of rectangular waveguide and the distance between the rods installed upstream and the closest edge of the rectangular waveguide, thus improving the conversion efficiency and bandwidth. The conversion efficiency of TCTMC can reach above 98% over the frequency range of 1.42 GHz–2.29 GHz, and the frequency tunning bandwidth is about 47%. Significantly, TCTMC can obtain continuous high conversion efficiency of different frequency points with the change of tuning mechanism.     

双信道偏振复用保密通信系统的完全混沌同步的操控性研究

针对双信道偏振复用保密通信系统,利用线性电光效应,提出了一种新的完全混沌同步的控制方案.在该方案中,每一个线性偏振模的完全混沌同步质量随外加电场成准周期性变化.其变化规律:完全混沌同步?剧烈振荡;固定一定的外加电场,电光调制促使其完全混沌同步质量对偏置电流和反馈强度的稳健性获得极大的加强.在较大的偏置电流和反馈强度范围内,每一个线性偏振模能够实现完全混沌同步,并且调制到每一个线性偏振模的加密信号基本上能够恢复.     

The high-power sliding-spark capillary discharge in vacuum: Variations and applications

High-power sliding-spark capillary discharges in vacuum may be operated so as to obtain soft x-ray radiation that is dominated by either line emission or continuum emission. In the latter case, black-body emission is obtainable with emission efficiencies exceeding 30% of input power. Adjustments in the spectral output of the discharge are achievable either with a conically tapered capillary or with electron-beam assisted heating of the discharge. Such devices are useful for high-resolution contact microscopy of wet, unstained, thin biological samples as well as for lithography.     

Optical systems for high-power laser applications: principles and design aspects

Starting from the optical properties of laser beams, the requirements of optical systems for manipulating laser radiation in industrial applications are derived. The relevant parameters, relations to the diffraction limit and the state-of-the-art design techniques are discussed. The three important types of lasers for use in industrial materials processing operate at wavelengths ranging from the infrared (10.6 m, CO₂ laser; 1.06 m, Nd:YAG) to the ultraviolet region (excimer lasers). Each wavelength range is associated with specific design challenges. The scarcity of suitable refractive materials for the 10 m wavelength range and the ultraviolet below 300 nm is a major constraint. Reflective systems are used widely at the longer wavelength, but some designs suffer from coma. The 1.06 m radiation from the Nd:YAG laser can make use of many well-developed optical means for handling visible light. Energy transport by optical fibres is commonly used. Optical systems for excimer laser applications are specific in that they image a mask onto a workpiece, and use the high photon energy and the high definition possible with the short wavelength for precision micro-machining.     

New technology for the design of advanced ultrasonic transducers for high-power applications

A new high-frequency ultrasonic transducer for wire bonding has been conceived, designed, prototyped and tested. In the design phase an advanced approach was used and established. The method is based on the two basic principles of modularity and iteration. The transducer is decomposed to its elementary components. For each component an initial design is obtained with finite elements method (FEM) simulations. The simulated ultrasonic modules are then built and characterized experimentally through laser-interferometry measurements and electrical resonance spectra. The comparison of simulation results with experimental data allows the parameters of FEM models to be iteratively adjusted and optimized. The achieved FEM simulations exhibit a remarkably high-predictive potential and allow full control on the vibration behavior of the ultrasonic modules and of the whole transducer. The new transducer is fixed on the wire bonder with a flange whose special geometry was calculated by means of FEM simulations. This flange allows the converter to be attached on the wire bonder not only in longitudinal nodes but also in radial nodes of the ultrasonic field excited in the horn. This leads to a nearly complete decoupling of the transducer to the wire bonder, which has not been previously obtained. The new approach to mount ultrasonic transducers on a welding-device is of major importance not only for wire bonding but also for all high-power ultrasound applications and has been patented.     

Design and fabrication of Fourier plane diffractive optical elements for high-power fibre-coupling applications

In industrial processes using fibre beam delivery of high peak power laser light, diffractive optical elements are a very useful and flexible tool in maximising the amount of light reaching the work surface. This is due to the ability of diffractive optical elements to accurately couple light into multiple fibres, while conditioning the light in order to maximise the throughput for each fibre. We discuss the design techniques for diffractive optical elements and the application of these techniques to fibre-coupling problems. The flexibility of diffractive optical elements is demonstrated by their application to several fibre-coupling geometries, including a fibre bundle, a linear array of fibres, and a rotationally symmetric fibre connector. The diffraction efficiencies for the elements approach 90% with uniformity errors of less than 5%.     

Continuous-wave wavelength conversion for high-power applications using an external cavity diamond Raman laser

We demonstrate continuous-wave (cw) operation of a diamond Raman laser at 1240 nm in an external cavity configuration. The output power increased linearly with pump power with a 49.7% slope efficiency and reached 10.1 W at the maximum available pump power of 31 W. The combination of resonator design with diamond provides a novel approach to power-scalable cw wavelength and beam conversion.     

电极结构优化对大功率GaN基发光二极管性能的影响

在台面结构的GaN基发光二极管(LED)里，电流要侧向传输，当尺寸与电流密度加大之后，由于n型GaN层和下限制层的横向电阻不能忽略，造成了横向电流分布不均匀.通过优化电极结构，以减小电流横向传输距离，制作出两种不同电极结构的大功率GaN基倒装LED.通过比较这两种不同电极结构的GaN基倒装大功率LED的电、光性能，发现在350mA正向电流下，插指电极结构的倒装大功率GaN基LED的正向电压为3.35V，比环形插指电极结构的倒装大功率GaN基LED高0.15V.尽管环形插指电极结构GaN基LED的发光面积略小于插指电极结构GaN基LED，但在大电流下，环形插指电极结构倒装GaN基LED的光输出功率比插指电极结构的倒装大功率LED的光输出功率大.并且在大电流下，环形插指电极结构的倒装大功率LED光输出功率饱和速度慢，而插指电极结构的倒装大功率LED光输出功率饱和明显.这说明优化电极结构能提高电流扩展均匀性，减小焦耳热的产生，改善GaN基LED的性能.     

Effects of container geometry on granular segregation pattern

In a set of vibrating quasi-two-dimensional containers with the right-hand sidewall bent inward, three new segregation patterns have been identified experimentally including a Two-Side segregation Pattern, a Left-hand Side segregation Pattern and a pattern where big particles aggregate to the upper left part of the container. In a container with small bending degree, either the two-side segregation pattern or the left-hand side segregation pattern is stable, which is determined by the initial distribution of particles.     

大功率光导开关研究

设计了横向结构的半绝缘GaAs光导开关和SiC光导开关。在不同的直流偏置电压下,使用波长为1 064 nm的激光脉冲触发使开关导通,研究了非本征光电导方式下GaAs光导开关和SiC光导开关的光电导特性。实验中获得了GaAs光导开关的暗态伏安曲线和200~1 100 nm波长范围内吸收深度随波长的变化曲线,得到了大功率GaAs光导开关在线性模式和非线性模式下的电流波形,并进行了比较,讨论了非线性模式下大功率GaAs光导开关的奇特光电导现象。对非本征光电导方式下的SiC光导开关进行了初步实验研究,得到了偏置电压3.6 kV下开关的电压和电流波形。     

大功率光导开关研究

设计了横向结构的半绝缘GaAs光导开关和SiC光导开关。在不同的直流偏置电压下,使用波长为1 064 nm的激光脉冲触发使开关导通,研究了非本征光电导方式下GaAs光导开关和SiC光导开关的光电导特性。实验中获得了GaAs光导开关的暗态伏安曲线和200～1 100 nm波长范围内吸收深度随波长的变化曲线,得到了大功率GaAs光导开关在线性模式和非线性模式下的电流波形,并进行了比较,讨论了非线性模式下大功率GaAs光导开关的奇特光电导现象。对非本征光电导方式下的SiC光导开关进行了初步实验研究,得到了偏置电压3.6 kV下开关的电压和电流波形。     

On the frequency dependence of anomalous attenuation of sounding waves in the case of ionospheric modification by high-power radio emission

The dependence of anomalous attenuation of sounding waves on the frequency f is studied experimentally in the case of ionospheric F-layer modification by high-power radio emission. It is shown that anomalous attenuation increases for |f−f₀| < 20 kHz, f<f₀ (f₀ is the pump-wave frequency) and decreases for f>-f₀ compared with the frequencies that are more distant from f₀. This phenomenon is caused by plasma displacement and formation of a stepped electron-density profile in the region of upper hybrid resonance of the pump wave. Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 966–977, August, 1998.