Excel在理化检验中的应用

对食用盐中碘和盐业部门的加碘食盐 (根据调查加碘食盐中碘均以碘酸钾形式加入 )中的碘含量进行监测时 ,由于此项工作样本量多 ,为了避免人为误差 ,可运用Ｅｘｃｅｌ电子表格的数据处理功能 ,对测定的大量数据进行统计计算 ,提高其准确度。1　原理碘盐中的碘酸钾在酸性环境中 ,加入过量的碘化钾析出碘 ,以淀粉作指示剂 ,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定并计算其含量 :ＩＯ- 3+ 5Ｉ- + 6Ｈ+3Ｉ2 + 3Ｈ2 Ｏ　　　2Ｎａ2 Ｓ2 Ｏ3+Ｉ2 2ＮａＩ+Ｎａ2 Ｓ4 Ｏ62　食盐中碘含量检测称取碘盐 10 .0 0 0 0 ｇ置于 2 5 0ｍｌ碘量瓶中 ,加无碘水 5 0ｍｌ使盐…     

苯胺蓝增色光度法测定食盐中的碘

在H2SO4介质中,KIO3与苯胺蓝反应增色程度与IO3-量在一定范围内呈线性关系,从而建立了增色光度法测定碘的新方法.实验结果表明,该体系最大吸收波长为603 nm,IO3-在0.91～4.55 μg/L范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.00×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.本法可直接测定食盐中的碘.     

新型3D纸基微流控分析器件的研制及应用

基于棉涤线进样通道、过滤区、检测区和"开关元件",研制了一种新型3D纸基微流控分析器件,并应用于食盐中IO-3的测定。实验探讨并优化了该器件的制备和测定条件。在优化的测定条件下,显色测定灰度值与IO-3浓度在5~250μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.3μmol/L。该方法可应用于实际样品中IO-3的测定。     

流动注射安培法快速测定食盐中碘

报道了在酸性溶液中 ,IO- 3可被过量的I- 还原 ,FI流动注射安培法快速测定食盐中碘的方法。溶解于蒸馏水中的食盐样品 (30 μl)注入pH 1的 0 .1mol·L- 1NaCl + 1× 10 - 3mol·L- 1KI的载液中。自行研制的壁喷玻碳电极安培流通检测池作为工作电极 ,电位为 + 0 .2V(vs.SCE)。该系统和反向 (注入KI)系统的线性范围均为 1× 10 - 6 ～ 1× 10 - 4mol·L- 1,检出限为 5× 10 - 7mol·L- 1,相对标准偏差为 0 .8% (n =37) ,样品测定的回收率为 97.6 %～ 10 4 % ,采样频率 90样·h- 1。通过Bernoull恒流瓶可获得无脉冲载流。     

络合萃取—盐酸反萃火焰原子吸收法测定食盐中铅

铅是有害元素,由于环境和食品的污染,铅可通过消化道及呼吸道等进入人体,进入人体的铅蓄积于体内不能全部排泄。当血液中铅含量为0.6～0.8μg·ml~(-1)时,就会引起铅中毒,铅中毒最后会引起血管病,脑溢血及肾炎,还可引起骨胳变化病。所以铅含量的测定已成为环保和食品检测中不可缺少的指标。 食盐是人们的日常生活用品,所以其中铅含量的多少对人体的影响很大。过去常用双硫腙比色法测定食盐中的铅,但由于其测定手续繁琐,而且使用了污染环境的剧毒氰化物,所以近年来,食盐中的铅多用原子吸收分光光度法测定。火焰原子吸收法操作简便,设备经济,但灵敏度较低,同时由于食盐中无机盐成分含量大,共存元素较多,背景干扰较严重,给测定带来了一定的困难。本文在文献[1,2]的基础上,采用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)络合铅,用甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)萃取,再用盐酸反萃取后用火焰原子吸收法测定铅。该方法简单易行,     

用手持式测碘仪现场测定食盐中的碘

在自行研制的手持式高灵敏光度计的基础上,研制出一种动态线性范围宽、样品和试剂用量少、分析速度快、无可动部件、灵敏度高、结构简单、轻便耐用、耗电量低的毛持式测碘仪,同时开发了一种测碘专用试剂包,发明了一种碘盐现场取样技术,建立了一种现场测定食盐中碘含量的灵敏、快速、廉价方法。使用手持式测碘仪和专用测碘试剂包测定碘的线性范围是0.01-3mg/L,定是检测下限量0.01mg/L,样品经过研磨以后,测定的相对标准偏差在1.5%以内;如样品不研磨,其相对标准偏差为6%-8%。应用于食盐中碘的现场测定,每个样品的分析测定时间约为3-6min。应用于5种不同品牌食盐样品的实际分析,结果满意。     

铍试剂Ⅲ为指示剂分光光度法测定盐中碘

食品中碘的测定常用铬酸钾氧化比色法，此法费时且灵敏度不高。也有动力学光度法，灵敏度高，但测定的多为I^-，测定食盐中的碘还需经过处理。指示剂氧化褪色法可直接测定食盐中的碘。本文试验表明在硫酸介质中，溴化钾存在下，碘酸根使铍试剂Ⅲ褪色，椐此建立了测定     

萃取火焰原子吸收法测定食盐中痕量铜锌铁镉

食盐是人们生活的必需品,也是主要化工原料之一,测定其中痕量元素的含量无论对人体健康还是化工生产都有其重要意义.关于碱金属盐中痕量元素的测定已有报道.本法以1,10-二氮杂菲为金属螯合剂,高氯酸钠为配体,在乙酸盐缓冲溶液(pH5.0)中,以1,2-二氯乙烷萃取,火焰原子吸收法测定了食盐中的痕量铜、锌、铁、镉.研究了基体对萃取及测定的影响及有关测定条件.试验结果表明,该法简便、快速,具有较高的准确度和精密度,相对标准偏差在5%以下.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱-离子色谱法检测食盐中的碘

1 引言 碘摄入量不足或过量摄入,对人体健康都存在负面影响.因此,准确测定加碘盐中碘的含量对保证加碘盐的质量非常重要.由于食盐的主成分为氯化钠,其对碘的检测产生干扰,所以碘盐中碘的分析一直受到关注.目前,盐碘的测定主要有容量法和催化动力学法、气相色谱法等.市场上出售的加碘食盐主要是添加碘酸钾.本实验采用离子色谱仪(IC)-电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICPMS)联机对加碘盐中碘的形态进行分析,与离子色谱安培检测法相比,检测结果均相吻合.本方法简单快捷、检出限低、回收率好.     

甲基紫分光光度法测定食盐中的添加剂碘酸钾

研究了碘酸钾、碘化钾与甲基紫在盐酸介质中的显色反应 ,反应产物之最大吸收波长λmax为 650nm ,并由此建立了一个简单、快速、实用的分光光度测定食盐中微量碘酸钾的新方法。在最佳实验条件下 ,碘酸钾质量浓度在 0～ 1 60 μg/ 2 5mL内服从比耳定律 ,其线性相关系数r为 0 .9996。本法用于加碘食盐中微量碘酸钾的测定 ,结果与紫外光度法所得结果基本一致     

Assessment of iodine content in Brazilian duplicate portion diets and in table salt

Excess dietary intake may increase the risk for the hyperthyroidism in the elderly. This study investigated iodine dietary intake by epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) analyzing duplicate portion diet and fortified table salt samples. Duplicate diet samples were obtained from a group of twenty-five steel mill workers from the city of São Paulo, over a 3-day period. The samples were freeze dried, mixed and homogenized. Fortified table salt brands were collected from the market and were analyzed with no pre-treatment. Assays for the iodine concentration in the table salt samples revealed values between 24 to 65 mg/kg. The average iodine daily intake for the worker’s diets was 813 μg/day, ranging from 402 to 1363 μg/day. In some cases daily intakes were around 10 times higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) value (150 μg/day).     

Determination of iodine in seaweed and table salt by an indirect atomic-absorption method

Decomposition methods based on fusion with alkali are discussed, with respect to the determination of iodine in biological material. It is shown that sodium hydroxide can be used for the decomposition of seaweed without loss of iodine. In spite of the oxidizing conditions, the iodine will be present as iodide in the final ash. The iodide can be determined by an indirect atomic-absorption method, based on the reaction between iodide and mercury(II), with determination of mercury by cold vapour atomic-absorption spectrometry. The basis of the method is discussed, and it is shown that the use of tin(II) as reductant is essential. The effect of the oxidation state of the iodine on the sensitivity of the method is pointed out. High concentrations of chloride interfere, but it is still possible to determine iodide in iodinated table salt.     

A novel method for the determination of iodide in table salt by X-ray fluorescence

A novel HI generation technique was developed and evaluated for the determination of iodide in table salt. HI was generated from the samples by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid and adsorbed onto an ion-exchange resin loaded paper disk. The disk was then measured by X-ray fluorescence. The method compared favorably to the cellulose pellet technique, being more sensitive and reproducible and requiring less time per analysis. The method was applied to six samples of table salt and one of sea salt.     

Simple and rapid determination of iodide in table salt by stripping potentiometry at a carbon-paste electrode

A simple and rapid procedure, utilising constant-current stripping analysis (CCSA) at a carbon-paste electrode containing tricresyl phosphate as a pasting liquid (TCP-CPE), has been developed for the determination of iodide in table salt. Because of a synergistic accumulation mechanism based on ion-pairing and extraction of iodide in combination with electrolytic pretreatment of the TCP-CPE, the method is selective for iodide and enables direct determination of iodide in samples of table salt containing anti-caking agents such as K(4)[Fe(CN)(6)] (food additive "E 536") or MgO. The iodide content (calculated as KI) can be determined in a concentration range of 2 to 100 mg kg(-1) salt, with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 1 mg kg(-1), and a recovery from 90 to 115%. The proposed method has been used to determine iodide in several types of artificially iodised table salt and in one sample of natural sea salt. The results obtained agreed well with those obtained by use of three independent reference methods (titration, spectrophotometry, and ICP-MS) used to validate the CCSA method, indicating that the developed method is applicable as a routine procedure for rapid testing in salt production process control and in the analysis of marketed table salts.     

Determination of iodine in common salt by an automatic reaction-rate method

An automatic reaction-rate method is described for the ultramicro determination of iodine in common salt. The method utilizes the acceleration of the reaction between ceric sulfate and arsenious acid by iodine. The time required for the reaction to consume a fixed amount of ceric ions is measured automatically and related directly to the iodine concentration. Measurements btained in salt samples containing 3 to 7500 μg of iodine per 100g were precise to within 2% or 0.3 μg of iodine, whichever is larger. Measurement times varied from a few sec to about 2min.     

Colorimetric determination of inorganic iodine in fortified culinary products

The presented colorimetric procedure only requires simple laboratory equipment and is suitable as a routine procedure for checking concentrations of iodine in fortified culinary products. The Moxon and Dixon colorimetric procedure for iodine determination has been optimised for the determination of iodide and iodate in fortified culinary products, always containing high salt levels. The high sensitivity of the method permits a high dilution of the product solutions, thus reducing interferences from the inherent colour of the products. The calibration is linear in the range from 0 to 12 microg L(-1) of iodine with R2 > 0.99. A series of commercial culinary products were used to validate the method. Recoveries of iodine, added as iodide and/or iodate, were generally in the range 100+/-10%. High concentrations of chloride are essential to obtain a complete recovery of iodate. Limit of quantification was estimated to be 2 mg kg(-1) of product, based on 2-3 g of product. Concentrations of iodine determined with this method were similar to those obtained by an ICP-MS procedure.     

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of 27 trace elements in table salts after coprecipitation with indium phosphate

The coprecipitation method using indium phosphate as a new coprecipitant has been developed for the separation of trace elements in table salts prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Indium phosphate could quantitatively coprecipitate 27 trace elements, namely, Be, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, in a table salt solution at pH 10. The rapid coprecipitation technique, in which complete recovery of the precipitate was not required in the precipitate-separation process, was completely applicable, and, therefore, the operation for the coprecipitation was quite simple. The coprecipitated elements could be determined accurately and precisely by ICP-AES using indium as an internal standard element after dissolution of the precipitate with 5 mL of 1 mol L⁻¹ nitric acid. The detection limits (three times the standard deviation of the blank values, n = 10) ranged from 0.001 μg (Lu) to 0.11 μg (Zn) in 300 mL of a 10% (w/v) table salt solution. The method proposed here could be applied to the analyses of commercially available table salts.     

Photometric titration of total iodine at trace levels in concetrated chloride solutions

The method is based on reduction of total iodine (10^?7?10^?5 M), to iodide with sulphite in acidic solution. The excess of sulphur dioxide is removed by bubbling with nitrogen, and the resulting solution is titrated spectrophotometrically with a standard solution of iodate, the absorbance being measured at 230 nm. Some Italian table salts, iodized or common, were analyzed for their iodide and total iodine content.     

羧基化碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定食盐中碘酸根

应用羧基化多壁碳纳米管(c-MWCNT)修饰碳糊电极,测定食盐中的碘酸根含量.在0.1 mol/L的NaOH电解液中,当IO3-在羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极表面富集60 s,电位扫速为300 mV/s时,该修饰电极在线性扫描伏安图上能出现一灵敏的阴极溶出峰,峰电位为-0.52 V,峰电流与IO3-浓度在8.0×10-10~5.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-7~3.0×10-6mol/L的范围内成良好线关系,相关系数分别为0.999和0.998,检出限可达1.0×10-11mol/L;该修饰电极无汞,稳定性较好,用于加碘食盐中碘酸根含量的测定灵敏度高,平均回收率为101.1%.循环伏安(CV)测试表明,碘酸根在修饰电极上电化学反应是一不可逆过程,其电极反应标准均相速率常数为0.0109 cm.s-1.     

A fluorescent sensing membrane for iodine based on intramolecular excitation energy transfer of anthryl appended porphyrin

A single anthryl appended meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) dyad has been synthesized and applied in fluorescence sensing of iodine based on the intramolecular excitation energy transfer. The molecular recognition of the sensor is based on the interaction of iodine with inner anthracene moiety of the dyad, while the signal reporter for the recognition process is the TPP fluorescence quenching. Because the emission spectrum of anthracene is largely overlapped with the Soret band absorption of TPP, intramolecular excitation energy transfer interaction occurs between the donor, anthracene and acceptor, TPP. This energy transfer leads to TPP fluorescence emission by excitation of anthracene. The sensor was constructed by immobilizing the dyad in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane. The sensing membrane shows higher sensitivity compared to the sensors by using anthracene, TPP, or a mixture of anthracene and TPP as sensing materials. Under the optimum conditions, iodine in a sample solution can be determined from 2.04 to 23.6 mmol·L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 33 nmol·L⁻¹. The sensing membrane shows satisfactory response characteristics including good reproducibility, reversibility and stability, as well as the short response time of less than 60 s. Except for Cr₂O₇²⁻ and MnO₄⁻, other common metal ions and anions in foodstuff do not interfere with iodine determination. The proposed method was applied in the determination of iodine in table salt samples. The results agree well with those obtained by other methods. Supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20525518), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20775005), and the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province (Grant No. JJ076021)