对-氯甲基苯乙烯共聚物引发合成接枝共聚物

接枝共聚物含有性质差别很大的主链和支链,具有许多特殊的性质,因而一直是人们感兴趣的研究课题之一^[1～5].原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)^[6,7]的问世,为接枝共聚物的合成提供了一条新的途径.本文用对-氯甲基苯乙烯和其它乙烯基单体自由基共聚.     

光聚合制备PVC大分子引发剂及两亲接枝共聚物

利用UV光照自引发、双异丙基硫杂蒽酮(BIITX)和异丙基硫杂蒽酮(ITX)引发氯乙烯(VC)聚合得到含缺陷结构或/和ITX残基的PVC.考察了不同引发方式时单体浓度、光强、反应时间和温度对单体转化率、产物分子量及其分布的影响,UV-Vis、1H-NMR和FTIR分析表明所得PVC含缺陷氯或/和ITX残基.以此PVC为大分子引发剂(缺陷结构和ITX残基为引发点),50℃下有效引发了甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)聚合,获得了PVC-g-PDMAEMA共聚物.相比起始PVC,接枝共聚物分子量稍有提高,PDI下降.1H-NMR和FTIR分析证实了接枝共聚物的形成,接枝共聚物在水(pH=3)中组装形成了稳定核-壳结构胶束,显示其具有两亲性.     

PtBA-g-PPEGMEMA接枝共聚物的合成及其包埋阿霉素的研究

通过可逆加成-裂解链转移聚合和原子转移自由基聚合,制备了以聚丙烯酸叔丁酯为主链、以聚(聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯)为侧链的两亲性接枝共聚物PtBA-g-PPEGMEMA,该方法克服了以往通过聚合物修饰来引入接枝点时所存在的接枝点密度不高和不可控的局限性.接着,以PtBA-g-PPEGMEMA为载体,对抗肿瘤药物阿霉素进行了负载,制备得到了尺寸为164.8nm的纳米载药胶束.其释放试验表明,该体系具有缓释特征.     

窄分布两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及其胶束化行为研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合合成了具有两亲性的嵌段聚合物聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸(PS-b-PAA),用FTIR,¹H NMR,SEC对其进行了表征,并利用荧光探针技术研究了其在水溶液中的胶束化行为.进一步的研究表明,PS-b-PAA胶束可对水中存在的多环芳香化合物芘有效地吸收并进而分离和回收.     

极性/非极性接枝共聚物PVIPA-g-PIB的合成研究

通过自由基共聚合方法,以AIBN为引发剂引发醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和醋酸异丙烯酯(IPA)共聚,得到两者的无规共聚物聚(PVIPA).再以PVIPA作为大分子引发剂,以四氯化钛(TiCl4)为共引发剂,引发异丁烯进行正离子接枝共聚反应,分别考察了PVIPA/TiCl4/IB体系中TiCl4浓度、大分子引发剂浓度、陈化温度、陈化时间以及外加含氮亲核试剂2,6-二甲基吡啶(DMP)对异丁烯聚合转化率和PVIPA引发效率的影响,并采用GPC表征方法研究了聚合体系中两种引发活性中心(A)和(B)的引发竞争.实验结果表明,在没有外加亲核试剂的情况下,PVIPA与微量水均可参与与TiCl4的络合竞争,分别形成活性中心(A)和(B),并产生竞争引发异丁烯正离子聚合,生成相应的接枝共聚物PVIPA-g-PIB和均聚物PIB.TiCl4和PVIPA用量以及两者的络合作用温度与时间对异丁烯正离子接枝共聚起着重要作用.合适的TiCl4浓度与PVIPA浓度、低的微量水浓度以及在较低温度下使PVIPA与TiCl4充分络合,都有利于提高大分子引发剂PVIPA的引发效率.引发效率可以达到90%左右,并可制备出极性主链与非极性支链的接枝共聚物PVIPA-g-PIB,其GPC谱图呈现单峰分布,分子量分布(Mw/Mn)可达到2.17.此外,在聚合体系中加入适量含氮亲核试剂DMP,一定程度上可以提高PVIPA的引发效率.     

可聚合的光引发转移终止剂合成接枝共聚物

采用一种可聚合的光引发转移终止剂 ,2 N ,N 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酰氧基乙酸 β 甲基丙烯酰氧基乙酯 (MAEDCA) ,通过两种途径制备了含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)和聚苯乙烯 (PSt)链段的接枝共聚物 .其一是将MAEDCA作为引发剂 ,在紫外光照射下引发MMA聚合 ,得到大分子单体 ,通过大分子单体与St的共聚合得到 .考察了所用大分子单体的分子量和浓度对共聚合的影响 .其二是将MAEDCA作为单体与MMA共聚得到侧链上含有N ,N 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酰氧基 (DC)基团的无规共聚物 ,P(MMA co MAEDCA) .在紫外光照射下 ,P(MMA co MAEDCA)作为大分子引发剂引发St聚合 ,得到P(MMA co MAEDCA) g PSt的共聚物 ,研究了接枝共聚合过程的活性自由基聚合特征     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚硅氧烷-b-聚苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

采用乙烯基封端的聚 (二甲基硅氧烷 )与溴化氢反应制得末端含有C Br的双官能聚 (二甲基硅氧烷 ) ,以此聚 (二甲基硅氧烷 )大分子为引发剂 ,CuCl为催化剂 ,4 ,4′ 二 (5 壬基 ) 2 ,2′ 联吡啶为配体 ,通过原子转移自由基聚合法 ,制得分子量和结构可控的聚苯乙烯 b 聚硅氧烷 b 聚苯乙烯 (PSt b PDMS b PSt)共聚物 .     

纤维素接枝共聚物

本文概述纤维素的改性产物－纤维素接枝共聚物的合成方法，特殊性能，广泛用途以及其发展趋向。其中着重介绍八十年代以来各国的研究成果。     

用引发转移终止剂制备嵌段和接枝共聚物

介绍了引发转移终止剂(Iniferter)的概念及其引发“活性”自由基聚合的原理。综述了Iniferter在制备ABA型三嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物中的应用和发展。     

High Molecular Weight Poly(butyl methacrylate) via ATRP Miniemulsions

Summary: The reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of butyl methacrylate in miniemulsion, initiated with the redox pair hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid and mediated with copper(II) bromide tris[2-di(2-ethylhexyl acrylate)aminoethyl]amine is capable of producing well-controlled high-molecular weight poly(butyl methacrylate).     

窄分子量分布的聚丙烯酸的合成及其阻垢性能

以水为溶剂,采用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)方法,合成了分子量2400～9000的聚丙烯酸。GPC分析表明,所合成的聚丙烯酸具有很窄的分子量分布(多分散系数PDI约为1.2)。阻垢性能测定结果表明,用RAFT方法合成的聚丙烯酸比采用普通自由基聚合得到的商品聚丙烯酸阻垢剂具有更好的阻垢性能。如当分子量约为2400的聚丙烯酸的质量浓度分别为2和10mg/L时,其阻碳酸钙垢的阻垢率分别为83.8%和97.5%,而在相同质量浓度下商品聚丙烯酸阻垢剂的阻碳酸钙垢的阻垢率则仅分别为21.3%和42.9%。阻垢作用随温度升高(50～90℃)而降低的幅度也明显小于商品聚丙烯酸阻垢剂,80℃时二者的阻垢作用差别最大,而这正是一般冷却水达到的最高温度。在所研究的分子量范围内,所合成的聚丙烯酸分子量愈小则其阻垢性能愈好。     

Synthesis of Comblike Poly（methyl methacrylate） by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Poly（ethyl 2-bromoacrylate） as Macroinitiator

Comblike poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as a macroinitiator, which was prepared by conventional free radical polymerization of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. The obtained comblike polymers were characterized by GPC and ^1H NMR.     

利用反向原子转移自由基聚合反应合成聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,CuBr2/bpy为催化体系,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)通过反向原子转移自由基聚合反应合成了聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA),其结构经1H NMR,IR和GPC确证。聚合反应符合活性自由基聚合特征,在聚合过程中GMA转化率和PGMA分子量随反应时间的延长而增大,分子量分布较窄。     

结构规整的高密度两亲性接枝聚合物刷的合成及其自组装研究

大分子单体通过两种可控聚合方法, 即开环易位聚合(ROMP)和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的联用, 合成一种新型两亲性接枝聚合物刷. 具有高环张力的降冰片烯单侧链大分子单体norbornene-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)/Br (PCL- NBE-Br)首先进行ROMP反应, 生成聚合物主链, 每个单体单元上含有一条PCL链和一个溴官能团; 然后用含溴的ROMP聚合物poly(norbornene)-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone)/Br (PCL-PNBE-Br)作为大分子引发剂引发单体2-(dimethyl- amino)ethyl methacrylate)的ATRP反应, 生成结构明确的高密度两亲性接枝聚合物刷poly(norbornene)-graft-poly(ε- caprolactone)/poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PCL-PNBE-PDMAEMA), 其主链每个单体单元上均含有一条疏水性PCL接枝链和一条亲水性PDMAEMA接枝链. 最后, 研究此类高密度两亲性接枝聚合物刷的自组装行为, 用动态激光光散射(DLS)研究其在混合溶剂(THF/H2O)中的胶束行为, 考察胶束溶液的浓度以及不同长度的亲水性接枝链对胶束尺寸的影响; 利用透射电镜(TEM)观察胶束为球形, 具有类似线团或草莓状的形态.     

An Observation on the Microphase Separation of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-Polystyrene Copolymer

The well-ordered structures of block copolymer formed by self-assemble have attracted much attention as potentially interesting optical materials, especially as photonic crystals1,2. In order to achieve desirable photonic crystal properties, the morphologies of block copolymers should be controlled, including obtaining the correct size of domains for the optical frequencies of interest and attainment of long-range domain order and appropriate orientation. We know that the morphology of one blo…     

Novel amphiphilic graft copolymers bearing hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbones and hydrophobic poly(butyl methacrylate) side chains

A novel amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbones and hydrophobic poly(butyl methacrylate) side chains was synthesized by successive atom transfer radical polymerization followed by hydrolysis of poly‐(methoxymethyl acrylate) backbone. A grafting‐from strategy was employed for the synthesis of graft copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index < 1.40). Hydrophobic side chains were connected to the backbone through stable C? C bonds instead of ester connections. Poly(methoxymethyl acrylate) backbone was easily hydrolyzed to poly(acrylic acid) backbone with HCl without affecting the hydrophobic side chains. The amphiphilic graft copolymer could form stable micelles in water. The critical micelle concentration in water was determined by a fluorescence probe technique. The morphology of the micelles was preliminarily explored with transmission electron microscopy and was found to be spheres. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6857–6868, 2006     

新型超支化接枝共聚物的合成

以对氯甲基苯乙烯(CMS)为活性单体,CuCl/2,2′-联吡啶(bpy)为催化体系,利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,制备具有不同支化度的超支化聚对氯甲基苯乙烯(h-PCMS, 4);以4为大分子引发剂,引发第二单体进行聚合,合成了两个以4为核的新型星状多臂共聚物,其结构经¹H NMR, IR和GPC表征。     

A Grafting Study on Partially Dehydrochlorinated Poly(vinyl chloride) by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

HCl elimination in low ratio was first carried out from poly(vinyl chloride) to increase allylic chlorines. Partially dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), having a macroinitiator effect, was grafted with tert‐butyl methacrylate via atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of CuBr/2,2′‐bipyridine at 64°C in tetrahydrofuran. Original poly(vinyl chloride) was also grafted with tert‐butyl methacrylate under the same conditions to compare with that of partially dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). The graft copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stabilities of the graft copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis as compared with those of the macroinitiators.     

Graft Copolymers Based on Functional Polyesters

Graft copolymers with a polyester backbone and PMMA side chains were successfully prepared in a two and a three step approach. In the two step approach, functional polyesters were prepared via polycondensation using hexane diol and bromosuccinic acid as building blocks and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted from the resulting poly(hexamethylene bromosuccinate) (PHMBS), here the initiating group is linked directly to the polyester backbone. In the second approach hexane diol and malic acid were used as bilding blocks giving poly(hexamethylene malate) (PHMM). The hydroxyl groups of PHMM were transferred with 2-bromo-2-propionylbromide into an ATRP-initiator. Then the grafting of MMA from poly(hexamethylene malate) bromopropionate (PHMM-BrP) was investigated.