共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
M. Sandoli A. Boiano L. Campajola A. De Rosa A. D'Onofrio G. Inglima M. La Commara A. Ordine D. Pierroutsakou V. Roca M. Romano M. Romoli M. Trotta F. Rizzo F. Amorini S. Tudisco 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》1999,6(3):275-288
We report on the results obtained from the study of the 32S +74Ge deep inelastic reaction at incident energy E= 320 MeV. High-energy γ-rays were detected in an array of 6 seven-pack BaF2 clusters. Coincidence with complex fragments detected in 12 three-stage telescopes ensured the selection of peripheral reaction
events. In order to investigate the pre-equilibrium dipole strength excitation two independent analyses were performed. In
the first analysis the energy spectra of the γ-rays were evaluated in the statistical model framework while in the second
one the γ-ray fragment angular correlation with respect to the nuclear spin vector of the composite system was studied. Both
methods indicate the excitation of dipole strength in the highly deformed dinucleus and provide dipole resonance parameter
sets that are in good agreement with each other.
Received: 24 March 1999 / Revised version: 17 May 1999 相似文献
2.
The excitation of the giant dipole resonance in nuclei with N > Z by isoscalar projectiles α and d is discussed within a simple collective model for isoscalar dipole excitations. Calculations have been performed for 208Pb; they are compared to recent data on the excitation of the new giant resonance at Ex = 13.8 MeV. For α scattering the effect of dipole excitation is quite weak but significant contributions are obtained for d scattering. 相似文献
3.
We implement the Brink–Axel hypothesis for the excitation of the double giant dipole resonance (DGDR): the background states which couple to the one-phonon giant dipole resonance are themselves capable of dipole absorption. These states (and the ones which couple to the two-phonon resonance) are described in terms of the gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices. We use second-order time-dependent perturbation theory and calculate analytically the ensemble-averaged cross section for excitation of the DGDR. Numerical calculations illuminate the mechanism and the dependence of the cross section on the various parameters of the theory, and are specifically performed for the reaction 208Pb + 208Pb at a projectile energy of 640 MeV/nucleon. We show that the contribution of the background states to the excitation of the DGDR is significant. We find that the width of the DGDR, the energy-integrated cross section and the ratio of this quantity over the energy-integrated cross section for the single giant dipole resonance, all agree with experiment within experimental errors. We compare our approach with that of Carlson et al. who have used a similar physical picture. 相似文献
4.
P. Paasche T. Valenzuela D. Biswas C. Angelescu G. Werth 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,18(3):295-300
We have examined experimentally the motional spectrum of an electron cloud confined in a Penning trap. When the axial oscillation
is excited by a radio frequency field the resonance exhibits a double structure. Both components depend differently on the
number of trapped electrons and have different shape and width. We conclude that one of them corresponds to the excitation
of the individual electrons while the other is the center-of-mass mode of the cloud. The threshold behaviour of the center-of-mass
resonance suggests that it is a parametric instability of a Mathieu type equation of motion.
Received 11 July 2001 and Received in final form 12 November 2001 相似文献
5.
L. Fortunato W. von Oertzen H.M. Sofia A. Vitturi 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2002,14(1):37-42
The use of radioactive ion beams is shown to offer the possibility to study collective pairing states at high excitation
energy, which are not usually accessible with stable projectiles because of large energy mismatch. In the case of two-neutron
stripping reactions induced by 6He, we predict a population of the giant pairing vibration in 208Pb or 116Sn with cross-sections of the order of a millibarn, dominating over the mismatched transition to the ground state.
Received: 30 November 2001 / Accepted: 25 February 2002 相似文献
6.
S. Yildirim A. Gokalp O. Yilmaz S. Ayik 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2001,10(3):289-294
Collisional damping widths of giant monopole and quadrupole excitations for 120Sn and 208Pb at zero and finite temperatures are calculated within Thomas-Fermi approximation by employing the microscopic in-medium
cross-sections of Li and Machleidt and the phenomenological Skyrme and Gogny forces, and are compared with each other. The
results for the collisional widths of giant monopole and quadrupole vibrations at zero temperature as a function of the mass
number show that the collisional damping of giant monopole vibrations accounts for about 30 - 40% of the observed widths at
zero temperature, while for giant quadrupole vibrations it accounts for only 20 - 30% of the observed widths at zero temperature.
Received: 9 January 2001 / Accepted: 29 March 2001 相似文献
7.
H. Portales L. Saviot E. Duval M. Gaudry E. Cottancin J. Lermé M. Pellarin M. Broyer B. Prével M. Treilleux 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,16(1):197-200
Low-frequency Raman scattering experiments have been performed on thin films consisting of pure gold or gold-silver alloy
clusters embedded in alumina matrix. It is clearly shown that the quadrupolar vibrational modes are observed by Raman scattering
because of the effect of resonance with the excitation of the electronic surface dipolar plasmon. This is due to the strong
coupling between the collective electronic dipolar excitation and the quadrupolar vibrational modes. This effect of resonance
does not exist with the core electron excitations. The mixing of the conduction electron dipolar excitation (surface plasmon)
with the core electrons leads to the quenching of the resonant Raman scattering.
Received 16 November 2000 相似文献
8.
Ilievski S Aumann T Boretzky K Elze TW Emling H Grünschloss A Holeczek J Holzmann R Kozhuharov C Kratz JV Kulessa R Leistenschneider A Lubkiewicz E Ohtsuki T Reiter P Simon H Stelzer K Stroth J Sümmerer K Wajda E Waluś W;LAND Collaboration 《Physical review letters》2004,92(11):112502
Differential cross sections for electromagnetic fission of 238U projectiles (500 MeV/u) in C, Sn, and Pb targets are measured and analyzed in terms of single- and multiphonon giant resonance excitations as doorway states to fission. A novel experimental method exploits the linear relationship between neutron multiplicity and the primary 238U excitation energy. Multiphonon states contribute up to 20% of the cross section; a component at high excitation energies is indicated that may arise from three-phonon dipole and two-phonon GDR x GQRiv giant resonance excitations. 相似文献
9.
《Nuclear Physics A》1997,613(4):445-471
Using a microscopic approach beyond RPA to treat anharmonicities, we mix two-phonon states among themselves and with one-phonon states. We also introduce nonlinear terms in the external field. These nonlinear terms and the anharmonicities are not taken into account in the “standard” multiphonon picture. Within this framework we calculate Coulomb excitation of 208Pb and 40Ca by a 208Pb nucleus at 641 and 1000 MeV/A. We show with different examples the importance of the nonlinearities and anharmonicities for the excitation cross section. We find an increase of 10% for 208Pb and 20% for 40Ca of the excitation cross section corresponding to the energy region of the double giant dipole resonance with respect to the “standard” calculation. We also find important effects in the low-energy region. The predicted cross section in the DGDR region is found to be rather close to the experimental observation. 相似文献
10.
The excitation of the isovector giant dipole resonance by the Coulomb force is investigated within a DWBA approach using analytic forms for the asymptotic Coulomb integrals. Scattering of d, 3He and α-particles from 208Pb is discussed for which recently small-angle data have been published. For most scattering systems dipole excitation is small; the inclusion of nuclear form factors gives rise to a large interference between Coulomb and nuclear excitation. A strong increase of Coulomb excitation at higher incident energies is obtained. 相似文献
11.
The electromagnetic cross sections of the double giant dipole resonances (DGDR) in 136Xe and 208Pb are calculated using the strength functions obtained within the phonon damping model. The parameters of the model have been selected to describe reasonably well the single giant dipole resonance in these nuclei. The results are found in an overall agreement with the recent experimental data for the DGDR cross sections in exclusive measurements at near-relativistic energies. 相似文献
12.
We obtain a closed-form expression for the distribution of fusion barriers for vibrational nuclei using a generalization of
Dasso, Landowne, and Winther's model, which represents the nuclear surface vibrations as a number of harmonic oscillators,
and allows the excitation of an arbitrary number of phonons in the target and/or projectile. We find that this expression
is in reasonable agreement with the average trends of the empirical distributions for the fusion of 16O with 92Zr, 144Sm and 208Pb, but fails to reproduce the double peaking of the distribution for the 144Sm target. Only when we restrict the number of excited phonons to a limited number, we are able to reproduce such discrete
structures. We show that limiting the number of coupled channels, particularly in the case of strong coupling, increases the
spacings between the channel eigenvalues that determine the positions of the peaks of the barrier distribution and modifies
their heights.
Received: 6 March 2000 / Accepted: 31 January 2001 相似文献
13.
Gamow-Teller (GT) and spin-dipole (SD) states in 208Bi are studied by using self-consistent Hartree-Fock + Tamm-Dancoff approximation taking into account the coupling to the
continuum. Most of SD strength is found at the excitation energy E
x≈ 25MeV with a very broad width, which agrees with recent experimental observations. It is shown that Landau damping effect is responsible
for the large width of SD peak, while the escape width is found to be at most 1MeV. We study also electric dipole (E1) transitions between GT and SD states in 208Bi. Main E1 transitions for 0- and 1- states are found near excitation energy expected from Brink's hypothesis in which SD states are considered as E1 resonances built on the GT state. Calculated E1 transition strengths between GT and SD states are compared with the analytic sum rules within one-particle one-hole (1p-1h)
configuration space and within both 1p-1h and 2p-2h model space.
Received: 11 April 2000 / Accepted: 30 August 2000 相似文献
14.
The angular distribution of γ-rays from fast proton capture in 208Pb has been examined in detail by the direct-semidirect model. The interference of the dipole, quadrupole and octupole amplitudes was considered. The excitation of the isovector giant quadrupole resonance was assumed to occur at the excitation energy of 22.5 MeV, having the width of 5 MeV. The excitation of this resonance strongly influences the asymmetry of the angular distribution but the major part of the asymmetry is a consequence of the direct capture of the incident proton. Several groups of optical-model parameters were used in the calculation in order to see how they affect the results. The complex interaction coupling between the incident proton and the quadrupole giant resonance is essential to obtain good fits to the experimental asymmetry of the angular distribution of γ-rays. 相似文献
15.
Xiao-fu Lü B.S. Zou Hui-ming Ding Yu-xin Liu En-guang Zhao 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》1998,3(4):377-380
The contribution of the σ meson exchange to the pionic double charge exchange (DCX) reaction is investigated. A concrete
calculation on the forward excitation function of the low energy DCX reaction 14C(π+, π−)14O has been performed. It shows that the contribution of the σ meson exchange can reproduce well the resonance like excitation
function of low energy DCX reaction.
Received: 5 August 1998 相似文献
16.
Effects related to the presence of giant E3 resonances are investigated by nucleon radiative capture according to the direct-semidirect model. The γ-ray angular distributions from the 208Pb(N, γ0) reactions are calculated in the energy region above the giant dipole resonance and the influence of the E1–E3 and E2–E3 interferences is discussed. The results provide indications of an appreciable effect on the 90° photon emission when a collective isovector E3 excitation is present. 相似文献
17.
S. Heinz E. Berdermann F. Heine O. Joeres P. Kienle I. Koenig W. Koenig C. Kozhuharov U. Leinberger M. Rhein A. Schröter H. Tsertos 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》1998,1(1):27-37
We present the results of a Doppler-shift correction to the measured e+e−–sum-energy spectra obtained from e+e−–coincidence measurements in 238U +206Pb and 238U +181Ta collisions at beam energies close to the Coulomb barrier, using an improved experimental setup at the double-Orange spectrometer
of GSI. Internal-Pair-Conversion (IPC) e+e− pairs from discrete nuclear transitions of a moving emitter have been observed following Coulomb excitation of the 1.844
MeV (E1) transition in 206Pb and neutron transfer to the 1.770 MeV (M1) transition in 207Pb. In the collision system 238U +181Ta, IPC transitions were observed from the Ta-like as well as from the U-like nuclei. In all systems the Doppler-shift corrected
e+e−–sum-energy spectra show weak lines at the energies expected from the corresponding γ–ray spectra with cross sections being
consistent with the measured excitation cross sections of the γ lines and the theoretically predicted IPC coefficients. No
other than IPC e+e−–sum-energy lines were found in the measured spectra. The transfer cross sections show a strong dependence on the distance
of closest approach (Rmin), thus signaling also a strong dependence on the bombarding energy close to the Coulomb barrier.
Received: 22 July 1997 / Revised version: 15 October 1997 相似文献
18.
19.
J. Brachmann A. Dumitru H. Stöcker W. Greiner 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2000,8(4):549-552
We investigate the excitation function of quark-gluon plasma formation and of directed in-plane flow of nucleons in the energy
range of the BNL-AGS and for the E
kin
Lab = 40A GeV Pb + Pb collisions performed recently at the CERN-SPS. We employ the three-fluid model with dynamical unification of
kinetically equilibrated fluid elements. Within our model with first-order phase transition at high density, droplets of QGP
coexisting with hadronic matter are produced already at BNL-AGS energies, E
kin
Lab≃ 10A GeV. A substantial decrease of the isentropic velocity of sound, however, requires higher energies, E
kin
Lab≃ 40A GeV. We show the effect on the flow of nucleons in the reaction plane. According to our model calculations, kinematic requirements
and EoS effects work hand-in-hand at E
kin
Lab = 40A GeV to allow the observation of the dropping velocity of sound via an increase of the directed flow around midrapidity as compared to top BNL-AGS energy.
Received: 7 May 2000 / Accepted: 2 August 2000 相似文献
20.
A comparative study of the results of the simulations of the photodisintegration of heavy nuclei in the energy range corresponding
to the giant dipole resonance by the TALYS software package and by a combined model of is carried out. The cross sections
of photoabsorption, photoneutron, and photoproton reactions and of the excitation of isomeric states for Hg and 208Pb isotopes are calculated. The results of the calculations are compared with the known experimental data. 相似文献