TiO(acac)_2催化碳酸二甲酯和乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯(英文)

碳酸二苯酯(DPC)是非光气法生产聚碳酸酯(PCs)的重要原料,具有多种酯交换法合成路线,如碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与苯酚酯交换法、DMC与苯基乙酸酯(PA)酯交换法、草酸二甲酯(DMO)与苯酚酯交换法等.本文对比测定了几种金属乙酰丙酮配合物和有机钛化合物对碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与苯基乙酸酯(PA)酯交换合成DPC反应的催化性能,结果表明,乙酰丙酮氧钛[TiO(acac)2]是一种良好的酯交换催化剂,具有优良的催化性能.在反应条件θ=180℃,n(PA)=0.8 mol,n(DMC)/n(PA)=1/2,n(TiO(acac)2)/n(PA)=0.006,t=4 h下,DMC转化率可达74.9%,甲基苯基碳酸酯(MPC)和DPC的选择性分别可达56.9%和38.9%.探索并提出了TiO(acac)2催化DMC与PA酯交换合成DPC反应的机理.     

有机钛化合物催化碳酸二甲酯与乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯

对比测定了几种有机钛化合物对碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与乙酸苯酯(PA)酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)反应的催化性能. 结果表明,乙酰丙酮氧钛(TiO(acac)2)是一种有效的酯交换用催化剂,具有良好的催化性能. 在优化的条件(n(PA)=0.8 mol, n(DMC)/n(PA)=1/2, n(TiO(acac)2)/n(PA)=0.006, θ=180 ℃, t=4 h)下, DMC转化率可达74.9%, DPC和甲基苯基碳酸酯(MPC)的选择性分别可达38.9%和56.9%.     

TiO2-MoO3/SiO2催化碳酸二甲酯与乙酸苯酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯

采用分步等体积浸渍法制备了催化剂r%TiO2-q%MoO3/SiO2(1q-r)。以碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与乙酸苯酯(PA)酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)为探针反应,考察了1的催化活性。优化反应条件为:PA 290 mmol,n(PA):n(DMC)=2:1,18-4 1.4 g,于180℃反应7 h。在优化反应条件下,DMC转化率77.5%,DPC选择性49.4%,碳酸甲苯酯和DPC的总选择性87.2%。催化剂重复使用时,活性下降很快,也很难通过高温焙烧再生。     

乙酸氧钛对碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换的催化作用

采用溶剂热法合成了乙酸氧钛,其对碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与苯酚的酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)的催化反应显示出了很好的催化效果.乙酸氧钛用量0.10 g时,苯酚转化率即达到47.8%,酯交换选择性在99.9%以上,仅检测到微量副产物苯甲醚.傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和固体核磁共振(13C NMR)等表征结果显示,乙酸氧钛在反应过程中首先与苯酚反应,苯氧基取代乙酸根生成苯氧基钛合物.实验结果表明,苯氧基钛合物作为实际催化剂参与DMC和苯酚的酯交换反应,并且重复使用效果良好.     

乙酰丙酮氧钛催化苯酚和碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应

首次将乙酰丙酮氧钛用于苯酚和碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应合成碳酸二苯酯,显示出较好的催化活性和很高的酯交换选择性,催化剂经180℃热处理后,苯酚转化率可达45.8%,转化数(n(苯酚)/n(Ti))为96,高于有机钛类均相催化剂.结果表明,当乙酰丙酮氧钛用量为0.2g以上,开始有副产物苯甲醚生成,酯交换选择性随催化剂用量的增加而降低.该催化剂重复使用5次后,苯酚转化率仍可达40%以上,酯交换选择性为99.9%,表现出较高的重复使用性能.     

乙酰丙酮氧钛催化碳酸二苯酯与1,4-丁二醇酯交换反应

研究了几种有机钛化合物对碳酸二苯酯(DPC)和1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BD)酯交换法合成聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)催化性能。研究表明,乙酰丙酮氧钛(TiO(acac)2)催化剂具有良好的催化活性。在优化的反应条件下,获得了数均分子量为2600和羟基值为45.2 mg KOH/g的PCDL。     

有机钛催化草酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应

研究了几种有机钛化合物对草酸二甲酯(DMO)与苯酚酯交换反应的催化性能,发现催化活性及选择性顺序依次为二氯二茂钛钛酸四苯酯钛酸丁酯乙酰丙酮氧钛钛酸乙酯钛酸异丙酯,表明二氯二茂钛是一种性能较好的酯交换催化剂.在n(Cp2TiCl2)=0.001 mol、n(DMO)=0.3 mol、n(Phenol)=0.2 mol、T=180℃、t=2 h优化工艺条件下,苯酚转化率可达44.0%,甲基苯基草酸酯(MPO)和草酸二苯酯(DPO)收率分别达37.8%和6.1%,酯交换总选择性为99.8%.     

甲基苯基碳酸酯标准品的制备及其定量分析

利用甲基苯基碳酸酯(MPC)歧化反应的可逆性及逆反应在热力学上有利进行的特点,提出了以碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)和碳酸二苯酯 (DPC)为原料,在TiO2/SiO2催化下合成DMC与苯酚酯交换反应的中间产物MPC的新方法。反应产物经减压精馏、碱洗、水洗、干燥等精制处理,得到了纯度较高的MPC标准品。采用气相色谱-质谱法对所制备的MPC样品进行定性分析,结果表明其中还含有少量的苯酚和DPC杂质。卡尔·费休水分测定结果表明,MPC样品中的含水量为0.26%(质量分数)。使用常规气相色谱仪,采用OV-101毛细管色谱柱,以苯甲酸乙酯为内标物,对自制的MPC标准品中的微量苯酚和DPC进行定量分析,苯酚和DPC的含量分别为2.04%和1.59%（均为质量分数）。根据杂质分析结果可知自制的MPC标准品的纯度为96.11%。以此作为标准品,解决了对DMC与苯酚酯交换反应的中间产物MPC的准确定量问题。     

碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的热力学性质及均相催化剂

在298.15K,101.325kPa条件下,液态碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的标准Gibbs自由能和熵分别估算为-472.3kJ*mol-1和245.2J*mol-1*K-1.在298K～523K计算了由DMC和苯酚生成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)和苯甲醚反应的热力学性质(ΔrH0m,ΔrS0m,ΔrG0m和平衡常数).计算出的热力学性质表明,DMC和苯酚酯交换合成DPC反应是吸热的,并且在热力学上是不利的.研究了n-Bu2SnO, Ti(OC4H9)4, AlCl3和ZnCl2四种酯交换法合成DPC反应的催化剂,其中n-Bu2SnO具有最高的催化活性.热力学计算和实验结果均表明,合成DPC反应的最佳温度为453K.当以n-Bu2SnO为催化剂,n(苯酚)∶n(DMC)＝4∶1时,DPC的产率和选择性分别为43.0%和88.7%.     

碳酸乙烯酯合成碳酸二苯酯的GC-MS分析

以钛酸四丁酯催化碳酸乙烯酯与乙酸苯酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)。GC-MS定性分析表明,反应液中含主产物DPC,中间体2-乙酰氧乙基苯基碳酸酯(1),副产物乙二醇二乙酸酯、乙二醇苯醚乙酸酯和苯酚。1的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,FT-IR和EI-MS确证。     

Development and optimization of a method for analysis of the products from the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate and phenol

A high-purity sample of methyl phenyl carbonate (MPC) was obtained by developing a novel reaction route followed by a series of separation and purification procedures. Identification and quantification of the MPC sample (98.32%) was performed by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Karl Fisher titration. The laboratory-prepared MPC was then used as a standard to optimize quantitative analysis of the products synthesized by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate and phenol. The advantage of the improved method was that MPC can be quantified directly rather than being calculated by subtracting the yield of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) and by-product anisole from the conversion of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The resulting method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, and quantification limit. With the improved method, simultaneous accurate quantification of DMC, MPC, DPC, phenol, and anisole in the transesterification products can be achieved. This enables evaluation of the activity and selectivity of different catalysts and control of the reaction processes.      

Transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with phenol over a bimetallic molybdenum and copper catalyst

Mo-Cu bimetallic oxides were found to be efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol. When the reaction was carried out between 150 and 180°C, with a molar of Mo/Cu of 1:1, molar ratio of phenol/DMC of 1:1, 4.8 wt.% of the catalyst, 9 h, the conversion of phenol was 49.9%, and the total yield of MPC and DPC was 45.4%. Catalyst reuse showed a gradual decline in the catalytic activity. The decrease in catalytic activity might be due to leaching out of Mo and Cu, and/or carbon deposition.     

Molybdosphoric Acid Mixed with Titania Used as a Catalyst to Synthesize Diphenyl Carbonate via Transesterification of Dimethyl Carbonate and Phenol

The 12-molybdosphoric acid mixed with titania (MPA-TiO2) was found to be a novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) via transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and phenol. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) techniques were employed to characterize the prepared catalysts. The effect of the weight ratio of the 12-molybdosphoric acid to titania on the transesterification was investigated. A 13.1% yield of DPC and an 11.6% yield of methyl phenyl carbonate (MPC) were obtained over MPA-TiO2 with the weight ratio of MPA to TiO2 as 5:1.     

MoO3催化碳酸二甲酯与乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯

采用焙烧法制备了MoO3催化剂并将其用于碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与乙酸苯酯(PA)合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)反应,考察了焙烧温度对催化荆性能的影响,并用X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂结构进行了表征.结果发现,在400或500℃焙烧的催化剂具有良好的催化性能,DMC转化率为73.9%,DPC和甲基苯基碳酸酯的选择性分别为39.5%和56.5%.XRD结果表明,该催化剂物相组成为正交晶系MoO3,且(021)或/和(110)晶面有利于酯交换反应.催化剂使用5次后DMC转化率从73.9%降至10.2%,多次重复使用后的催化剂在窄气气氛中于400或500℃焙烧即可再生,再生后催化剂的性能几乎和新鲜催化剂相当.     

Investigation on deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by transesterification

The deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol has been investigated.X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),infrared spectroscopy (IR),thermogravimetry analysis (TG),atomic absorption spectroscopy and elementary analysis are employed for the catalyst characterizaton.The results show that,the formation of Pb40(OC6H5)6 through the reaction of phenol and lead species in the catalyst leads to the crystal phase change of active component and serious leaching of lead,which is the cause of the catalyst deactivation.In addition,the composition of the leached lead is ascertained to be a mixture of Pb40(OC6H5)6 and PbO with the weight percentage of 62.7% and 37.3%,respectively.     

Sulfonate-bonded tin complexes for the production of diphenyl carbonate

Various tin complexes including dibutyltin oxide and dibutyltin diacetate were tested for their activities in the transesterification between dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and phenol to produce diphenyl carbonate (DPC). The activities of tin complexes were significantly enhanced by the co-presence of alkyl or arylsulfonic acid, possibly due to the in situ formation of sulfonate-bonded tin complexes. Highly active triflate-bonded tin species, [Bu₂Sn(OH)(OTf)]₂ and [Bu₂Sn(OAc)(OTf)]₂, were isolated from the reaction of triflic acid with dibutyltin oxide and dibutyltin diacetate, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study.     

杂原子介孔分子筛Me-HMS催化酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯

以水热合成法制备了杂原子介孔分子筛Me-HMS(Me指金属杂原子),用于催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的反应.小角度的X射线衍射显示,所有样品均具有典型的HMS介孔结构.Me-HMS中,Ti-HMS显示最好的催化性能,其活性与骨架钛含量密切相关,当溶胶中Ti/Si比达1/30时,骨架钛趋于饱和,苯酚转化率达到最大值31.4%,酯交换选择性为99.9%.     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用、程序升温方法对苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物进行了分析。实现了对钛酸四丁酯催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的主产物草酸二苯酯、中间产物甲基苯基草酸酯、副产物丁基苯基草酸酯、2-甲基丁醛、正丁醚及草酸二苯酯脱羰基生成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的定性，验证了苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应分三步进行的反应模式。