脉冲电弧放电电离甲醇溶液制备碳膜的研究

利用脉冲电弧放电电离甲醇溶液在常压下研究了含金刚石成分的碳膜的制备。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、激光Raman光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了在确定的基片温度下甲醇浓度以及放电电压等沉积条件对薄膜的形貌和金刚石的合成的影响。研究结果表明：在放电电压低于2kV时，薄膜主要由无序石墨和无定形碳组成。提高放电电压有助于金刚石的合成，在高的放电电压下，降低甲醇溶液浓度有利于提高碳膜中金刚石成分的含量。     

氢气流量对金刚石膜生长的影响研究

研究了电子辅助热灯丝法生长金刚石厚膜过程中氢气流量对沉积速度和膜品质的影响。随氢气流量从100增加到750cm^3/min，金刚石膜的沉积速率单调上升，但金刚石膜品质不断下降，从750到1000cm^3/min，金刚石膜沉积速率下降，但金刚石膜品质随氢气流量增加而提高。拉曼光谱和电子顺磁共振谱研究发现，在所制备的金刚石膜中含有替代形式的氮，氮含量随氢气流量的增加而减小，1000cm^3/min流量下沉积的金刚石膜的含氮量仅为100cm^3/min流量下沉积的金刚石膜的1／40。     

掺硼多晶金刚石膜的电化学性能研究

采用EACVD(Electron Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition)方法制备了掺硼金刚石膜, 并用扫描电镜、拉曼光谱及霍尔效应等测试方法对其表面形貌、生长特性、载流子浓度以及导电性能进行了分析. 测试结果表明, 掺硼金刚石膜是由微米级晶粒组成的多晶膜, 其载流子浓度为4.88×1020 cm-3, 电阻率为0.03 Ω·cm, 是高品质金刚石膜. 用该金刚石膜制作电化学电极, 利用循环伏安法分别测量了金刚石膜电极在氯化钾空白底液、亚铁氰化钾溶液和左旋半胱氨酸溶液中的循环伏安曲线, 发现该金刚石膜电极在水溶液中具有宽的电化学窗口(约为3.7 V)和接近零的背景电流, 在生物制剂的检测中具有很高的灵敏度和良好的稳定性, 是一种理想的电化学电极材料.     

金刚石晶形显露的化学控制

采用热丝化学气相沉积法（HPCV），研究了N2、O2对金刚石晶形显露的影响。发现微量的氮气的加入（[N2]／[CH4]＜1％）有利于金刚石（100）晶面的显露，且不会降低金刚石晶形的完整性；微量氧的加入有利于金刚石（111）面显露．采用氧辅助控制金刚石膜（111）织构生长，可以使X射线（111）峰摇摆曲线的半宽降到6．2°．氮或氧的加入扩大了织构生长金刚石（100）或（111）膜的基片温度范围．     

直接甲醇燃料电池用磺化聚醚醚酮膜初探

应用电化学方法研究了SPEEK膜的甲醇渗透性能.SPEEK膜具有比Nafion115膜低的甲醇渗透.以其作质子交换膜电解质组装的直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFCs)开路电压高于Nafion115膜组装的DMFC开路电压,但电池的放电性能尚待改进.本研究可为SPEEK应用于直接甲醇燃料电池提供一定的依据.     

直接甲醇燃料电池性能

采用商品Pt-Ru/C和Pt/C催化剂制备成甲醇阳极和氧阴极,Nafion-115为固体电解质膜,组装成面积为9cm^2单电池,研究了电池在放电运转过程中各种操作条件,如温度、氧气压力,甲醇浓度等对电池性能的影响,并考察了电池室温放电性能随时间的变化,发现增加电池的温度和 氧气压力均可明显提高电池性能,在合适的甲醇学及氧气压力下电池在室温具有一定的稳定放电性能。     

金刚石膜生长过程原位光发射谱研究

近年来由于化学气相沉积（CVD）金刚石膜具有优异的物理、化学性能及广阔的应用前景而引起人们的普遍关注．现在人们越来越多地把注意力移向金刚石膜生长过程的研究，即生长机理的实验和理论研究·这些研究致力于探讨反应过挥中存在的基团种类、作用及气相如何转变为固态的金刚     

不同压力下碳氢体系低压金刚石的非平衡定态系列相图

系统压力是低压金刚石薄膜生长实验中重要的实验参数，如果采用合理的计算方法定量化地预测出压力对金刚石薄膜生长条件的影响，则可以直接用于指导其实验研究。本文报道根据非平衡热力学耦合理论模型绘制了C-H体系金刚石生长投影相图，经与大量实验结果比较相一致，并系统地计算了压力变化的碳氢体系金刚石生长非平衡定态截面相图，得到了金刚石生长区随压力变化的规律。计算得到的相图与经典平衡相图有本质不同，均有金刚石生长区，因而可以合理解决金刚石低压下连续生长而石墨被腐蚀与经典平衡热力学之间的矛盾。本文的计算结果可以为金刚石生长实验提供定量化的压力条件的选择和优化实验条件。     

大功率激光制备a-C和a-C∶H类金刚石膜的光学性能研究

采用大功率高重复频率准分子激光溅射热解石墨靶制备了类金刚石碳膜, 研究了实验条件对类金刚石膜光学性能的影响, 发现氢可以提高膜中sp3键的含量和膜的光学透过率. 在实验参数范围内, 膜的光学性能随着氢压的增加而提高. 根据类金刚石膜的反应沉积机理对上述结果进行了分析、解释.     

大功率激光制备a-C和a-C∶H类金刚石膜的光学性能研究

采用大功率高重复频率准分子激光溅射热解石墨靶制备了类金刚石碳膜,研究了实验条件对类金刚石膜光学性能的影响,发现氢可以提高膜中sp3键的含量和膜的光学透过率.在实验参数范围内,膜的光学性能随着氢压的增加而提高.根据类金刚石膜的反应沉积机理对上述结果进行了分析、解释.     

Study of the Interface Microstructures of CVD Diamond Films by TEM

 The characteristics of the interface microstructures between a CVD diamond film and the silicon substrate have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The investigations are performed on plan-view TEM specimens which were intentionally thinned only from the film surface side allowing the overall microstructural features of the interface to be studied. A prominent interfacial layer with amorphous-like features has been directly observed for CVD diamond films that shows a highly twinned defective diamond surface morphology. Similar interfacial layers have also been observed on films with a <100> growth texture but having the {100} crystal faces randomly oriented on the silicon substrate. These interfacial layers have been unambiguously identified as diamond phase carbon by both electron diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy. For the CVD diamond films that exhibit heteroepitaxial growth features, with the {100} crystal faces aligned crystallographically on the silicon substrate, such an interfacial layer was not observed. This is consistent with the expectation that the epitaxial growth of CVD diamond films requires diamond crystals to directly nucleate and grow on the substrate surface or on an epitaxial interface layer that has a small lattice misfit to both the substrate and the thin film material.     

以LiCoO2为阴极的全固态薄膜锂电池的研究

Amorphous and oriented polycrystalline LiCoO2 thin films, used as cathode material for an all-solid-state thin film battery, were fabricated by using RF magnetron sputtering and annealed at different temperatures. The morphology and structure of LiCoO2 thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. All-solid-state thin film batteries, comprised of LiCoO2 cathode films with different structures, lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte film and metallic lithium anode film, was successfully prepared and their properties were examined by chronopotentiometry. Results showed that the structure and crystallinity of the LiCoO2 films strongly influenced the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state thin film lithium batteries. Worth nothing was the battery with an oriented polycrystalline LiCoO2 film it exhibited the best electrochemical performance, and delivered a discharge capacity of ～55.4 μAh/cm2μm. Furthermore, when subjected to over 450 charge/discharge cycles, that battery suffered no obvious fode in capacity.     

Conductive-matrix-mediated alkaline Fe(III/VI) charge transfer: three-electron storage, reversible super-iron thin film cathodes

An extended conductive matrix facilitates a 100-fold enhancement in charge storage for reversible Fe(III/VI) super-iron thin films. These films were deposited, by electrochemical reduction of Na2FeO4, with an intrinsic high capacity 3 e- cathodic storage of 485 mAh g(-1). Whereas 3 nm Fe(III/VI) films exhibited a high degree of reversibility (throughout 100 charge/discharge cycles), thicker films had been increasingly passive toward the Fe(VI) charge transfer. Films were alternatively deposited on either smooth or on extended conductive matrixes composed of high-surface-area Pt, Ti, and Au and probed galvanostatically and via cyclic voltammetry. A 100 nm Fe(VI) cathode, on the extended conductive matrixes, sustained 100-200 reversible three-electrode charge/discharge cycles, and a 19 nm thin film cathode sustained 500 such cycles. With a metal hydride anode, full cell storage was probed, and a 250 nm super-iron film cathode film sustained 40 charge/discharge cycles, and a 25 nm film was reversible throughout 300 cycles. Fe(VI) salts exhibit higher cathodic capacity and environmental advantages, and the films are of relevance toward the next generation charge storage chemistry for reversible cathodes.     

Effect of nitrogen and ammonia on transfer and deposition of hydrocarbon radicals in different regions of hollow-cathode glow discharge

The effect of addition of nitrogen or ammonia in an amount equal to the flow of methane entering as a 7: 1 H₂/CH₄ mixture into a hollow-cathode dc glow flow discharge on the rate of deposition/erosion of amorphous hydrocarbon (a-C:H) films at 300 K has been studied. The introduction N₂ or NH₃ into the mixture facilitates the transition from deposition to erosion of a-C(N):H films in the hollow cathode, but has a little effect on the growth rate of a-C(N):H films in the positive column and in the afterglow of the discharge. It has been suggested that the changes in the a-C:H film deposition/erosion rate are due to the formation of hydrogen cyanide, mainly, on the hollow-cathode surface.     

Diamond films grown without seeding treatment and bias by hot-filament CVD system

Diamond film growth without seeding treatment has been the subject of numerous studies. In the present study, diamond films with/without seeding treatment were grown on silicon using hot-filament chemical vapour deposition. An inexpensive and simple approach, namely, “dry ultrasonic treatment”, was introduced in which full coverage of diamond film was achieved on unseeded substrate. For comparison, one substrate was seeded with 5 μm diamond particles, prior to deposition. The resulting diamond films were examined through standard characterization tools and distinct features were observed in each film. Here we present the results of uniform and high purity diamond film, free from nano-sized grains, which is grown without seeding treatment and is expected to be potential candidate for electro-optical applications, particularly as heat sinks.     

Low-Frequency Glow Discharge Treatment of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films

The alteration of surface characteristics of the PET-E poly(ethylene terephthalate) film by treatment in the cathode fall of an ac (50 Hz) glow-discharge plasma was studied. The plasma-assisted modification leads to surface hydrophilization which is retained for a long period of time. It was found that the discharge treatment induced a negative charge in the polymer surface layer. The charge density created under different treatment conditions was correlated with the contact angle. The thermally stimulated relaxation and depolarization measurements on the original and the modified film showed that charge buildup in the film during the discharge treatment was due to trapping of injected electrons. From the experimental data, it was inferred that the charge states emerged play the determining role in enhancing the surface energy of modified PET films.     

Study of some excitation characteristics of the discharge in a hot hollow cathode

Some excitation characteristics of the discharge in a hot hollow cathode were investigated. A graphite cathode coated with evaporated films of copper, iron, manganese or titanium, and argon or helium fill gas were applied. The dependence of spectral-line intensities on fill gas pressure and discharge current were studied. At 0.4 A discharge current and various fill gas pressures, the excitation temperatures for iron, manganese and titanium were determined.