V-I传输矩阵方法在布拉格光纤光栅分析中的运用

介绍了V-I传输矩阵方法用于布拉格光纤光栅的理论分析,该方法通过参量变换将相邻薄层间的界面矩阵退化为单位矩阵,从而大大提高了计算效率。从传输矩阵出发,数学上推导出耦合模方程,证明了该方法的正确性,有助于加深对V-I传输矩阵方法物理机制的理解。数值模拟分析发现V-I传输矩阵方法具有计算快速、简单明了的优点。最后还指出V-I传输矩阵方法仅适用于短周期光纤光栅,若要运用于长周期光纤光栅,需要进一步理论修正。     

光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅慢光的研究

采用改进的全矢量有效折射率法和耦合模理论,研究了光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅长度、占空比、光栅周期与慢光的变化规律。结果表明当光栅长度和光栅周期不变时,随着包层空气孔占空比的增大,光栅的慢光峰值波长出现蓝移,且时延量逐渐减小;1.06 cm 长的光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅可以产生约52 ps 的线性时延;光栅长度越大,慢光时延量越大;优化结构参数,在光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅的时延谱的侧瓣附近会产生最大群速度为c/371 的慢光峰。     

Micro-structured fiber Bragg gratings. Part II: Towards advanced photonic devices

In this paper, the authors present new and complex configurations involving micro-structured fiber Bragg gratings (MSFBGs) as advanced devices for sensing and communications applications. First, the spectral behaviour of multi-defect MSFBGs is investigated with particular regards to the possibility to carry out multi-parameter sensor by a single sensing element. More defects along the grating permit the formation of more defect states inside the band-gap ruled by the multiple interaction of the signal reflected by the unperturbed grating regions modulated by the phase delays of the perturbations. Here, a practical case based on a two-defect MSFBG is taken into account, revealing the potentiality to perform dual SRI measurements with a single MSFBG device. Finally, a novel configuration has been considered involving a single-defect MSFBG coated with nano-sized coatings with higher refractive index compared to the cladding one. The presence of a high refractive index coating along the thinned region would induce the mode redistribution and the transition from core modes to overlay modes if coating features are properly selected. Here, sensitivity characteristics of the proposed device are analysed and significant improvement in the sensing performances have been obtained, including the possibility to tune the maximum sensitivity in the desired range.     

V-I传输矩阵法分析光纤光栅激光器模式特性

光纤光栅激光器以其增益高、频率啁啾效应小、抗电磁干扰,特别是可调谐的特点而被广泛关注.利用V-I传输矩阵法对光纤光栅激光器的模式特性进行了分析,从谱线间隔与谱线数目、光栅反射率对谱线深度的影响、单纵模输出条件及阈值腔长3个方面分析了光纤光栅谐振腔在不同特性参数下的模式特性,并与多层膜法的分析结果进行了比较,发现V-I传...     

光孤子在高斯变迹光栅中传输特性的数值分析

为了研究光纤光栅中布喇格孤子的传输特性,基于耦合波理论采用有限差分法在孤子传播速度与传输距离无关的条件下,数值模拟了布喇格孤子在高斯变迹光纤光栅中的传输以及孤子之间的相互作用,得到一些有意义的结果.结果表明,输入功率和初始脉宽等初始条件的不同将导致孤子峰值强度的周期变化;具有初始频率啁啾时布喇格孤子在传输过程中被展宽(正啁啾)或被窄化(负啁啾),并始终受到高斯变迹光栅的制约.当输入两个孤子时,它们之间的相互作用对其相对相位和相对振幅参量敏感.     

亮孤子在升余弦变迹光纤布拉格光栅中传输特性的数值分析

在耦合模理论的基础上,运用有限差分法数值模拟了布拉格孤子在升余弦变迹光纤光栅中的传输以及孤子之间的相互作用.模拟结果表明,合适选择输入功率和初始脉宽等初始条件,可以实现升余弦变迹光纤光栅中孤子的稳定传输.输入两个孤子时,发现两个孤子之间的相互作用对它们的相对相位和相对振幅参数敏感.初始间隔较近的孤子对,随着它们之间的相对相位差和相对振幅参数的不同而发生相互吸引、相互排斥、交换能量等现象.     

Thermal stability analysis of UV-induced fiber Bragg gratings

The phenomenon of decay in UV-induced Bragg gratings is examined. Thermal stability of gratings with large and small index changes are studied and compared. The role of stabilization in enhancing the thermal stability of gratings is explained. Approaches to analyzing and predicting grating decay are reviewed and compared     

一种计算光纤布拉格光栅谱特性的新方法

使用微波网络模型对光在光栅中的传播过程进行建模,给出了在光栅微波网络模型中的光场传输矩阵,并阐明了这种传输矩阵与传统分段光栅模型中的传输矩阵的关系;结合改进的有效折射率分析方法,提出了一种计算光纤光栅谱特性的新方法.该方法对应的MT矩阵很简洁且数值模拟的精度很高.     

Dispersion compensation of fiber Bragg gratings in 3100 km high speed optical fiber transmission system

By optimizing the fabrication process of the chirped optical fiber Bragg grating (CFBG), some key problems of CFBG are solved, such as fabrication repetition, temperature stability, group delay ripple (GDR), fluctuation of the reflection spectrum, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), interaction of cascaded CFBG, and so on. The CFBG we fabricated can attain a temperature coefficient less than 0.0005 nm/℃, and the smoothed GDR and the fluctuation of the reflection spectrum are smaller than 10ps and 0.5dB, respec-tively. The PMD of each CFBG is less than 1 ps and the dispersion of each grating is larger than -2600 ps/(nm·km). With dispersion compensated by the CFBGs we fabricated, a 13×10 Gbit/s 3100 km ultra long G.652 fiber transmission system is successfully imple-mented without electric regenerator. The bit error rate (BER) of the system is below 10-4 without forward error correction (FEC); when FEC is added, the BER is below 10-12. The power penalty of the carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) code transmission system is only 2.5 dB.     

多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的数值分析和设计

为了研究多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的反射和时延特性,提出多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的耦合模理论方法,得到波长间隔Δλ=1.6nm的4波长和8波长的啁啾叠栅的反射谱和时延特性的数值分析结果,并设计了波长间隔Δλ=0.4nm的8波长的啁啾叠栅,数值分析结果与实验结果非常一致.结果表明,多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的耦合模理论是可靠的,可用来分析其各种特性,此方法对多波长啁啾叠栅的设计和制作具有重要的参考价值.     

线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅反射谱的数值模拟

为了研究线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅的特性,并进一步把它用于光纤激光器上,介绍了线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅的耦合模理论,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法和传输矩阵法结合控制变量法,对线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅反射率与啁啾系数、半峰全宽与光栅长度、反射率与直流纤芯折射率改变量之间的关系进行了数值模拟。结果表明,线性啁啾光纤布喇格光纤可以展宽带宽。基于这个结论,提出了利用线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅作为光纤激光器腔镜,使输出谱线展宽,从而可作为宽带光源使用的方案。     

Study on transmission characteristics of photonic crystal fiber gratings with periodic air hole deformation

The paper studies a kind of improved photonic crystal fiber gratings fabricated by CO2 laser heating method. The effective refractive index of cladding induced by periodic air hole deformation is computed using multipole method, and the relationship between the effective refractive index and the collapse of air-holes is discussed, thereby the modulation expression of effective refractive index is obtained. The grating transmission characteristics are simulated. The results indicate that with the diameter of air-holes increasing from 3.3 mm to 3.7 mm, the resonance wavelength shows blue-shift, the resonance peak intensifies, and the bandwidth becomes narrow. As the collapse degree of cladding enhances, the resonance wavelength shows red-shift, the transmission increases, and the bandwidth tends to narrow.     

啁啾光纤光栅的制备研究进展

对连续啁啾光纤光栅和阶跃啾光纤光栅的制备研究情况做了概述,并对各种制备方法的特点进行了简要分析。     

光纤Bragg光栅温度和应变的灵敏度分析及应用探讨

本文从Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅方程出发,推导出了光纤Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅传感器的温度和应变一阶和二阶灵敏度以及温度－应变交叉灵敏度的计算公式,结合实际数据进行了计算,估计了忽略二阶和交叉灵敏度可能带来的误差,并指出改变Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅的封装形式可以提高其温度灵敏度,用此方法同时测量温度和应变时,可以降低灵敏度矩阵的条件数,从而提高检测精度。     

An efficient approach for calculating the reflection and transmission spectra of fiber Bragg gratings with acoustically induced microbending

A novel and efficient approach is proposed to calculate transmission and reflection spectra of propagating core mode and higher-order cladding modes when the fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are modulated by acoustically induced microbending. Based on a matrix form of first-order differential equations and its eigen-values/vectors using similarity transformation method, coupled-mode equations modeling acoustically induced microbending in FBG with a thin cladding can be transformed into a simple mathematical formulation. This method would be straightforward and thus beneficial to solve directly multimode coupled equations in comparison with a previous used fundamental matrix method and a Runge–Kutta algorithm. This simple model provides us a good view of co-directional and contra-directional couplings caused by acoustically induced microbending through FBGs.     

Optimization of refractive index sampling for multichannel fiber Bragg gratings

A comprehensive analysis of multichannel grating optimization strategies is presented. The central idea is in dephasing of partial gratings with respect to each other. This dephasing allows the utilization of ultraviolet-induced refractive index changes with maximum efficiency. The dependence of group delay ripple on optimization strategy, number of channels, and other grating characteristics is also briefly discussed. Finally, we discuss further generalization of the dephasing approach to the case of multichannel gratings with nonidentical spectral characteristics.     

A new method for microwave generation and data transmission using DFB laser based on fiber Bragg gratings

A novel architecture for microwave/millimeter-wave signal generation and data modulation using a fiber-grating-based distributed feedback laser has been proposed in this letter. For demonstration, a 155.52-Mb/s data stream on a 16.9-GHz subcarrier has been transmitted and recovered successfully. It has been proved that this technology would be of benefit to future microwave data transmission systems.     

光纤布喇格光栅非线性特性的研究

利用单边边界条件下的差分法求解非线性光纤光栅耦合模方程,在此基础上分析了光纤光栅中克尔非线性效应对光栅频谱特性的影响,分别讨论了短脉冲在均匀和切趾光纤光栅的线性工作区和非线性工作区的传输特性.结果表明,在合适的条件下,光纤布喇格光栅可以用于光开关器件.     

A new transfer matrix formalism for the analysis of fiber ringresonators: compound coupled structures for FDMA demultiplexing

A method of analyzing fiber-ring resonators which is based on the transfer matrix technique is presented. The method is described and used to analyze known structures and compound coupled-ring resonators. Application of these structures as demultiplexers in FDMA (frequency-division multiple-access) systems is discussed     

Low-coherence interferometric measurements of the dispersion ofmultiple fiber Bragg gratings

We show that the dispersion of multiple fiber Bragg gratings can be obtained from a single low-coherence interferometric measurement. The individual gratings can be identified either from the spatial separation of the interferometric signatures or from the unique wavelength-reflection bands of the gratings