2-芳基-3,4-二氮杂芴酮和2-芳基-3,4-二氮杂螺二芴衍生物的合成

水合茚三酮与芳甲基酮、水合肼缩合环化制得2-芳基-3,4-二氮杂芴酮(2); 2经还原得2-芳基-3,4-二氮杂芴(3).2与2-溴联苯格氏试剂反应得到中间体叔醇(4); 4在酸性条件下关环合成了2-芳基-3,4-二氮杂螺二芴,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析表征.     

聚合物试剂的研究——Ⅱ.应用聚合物试剂合成桃柱螟性信息素——反-10-十六碳烯-1-醛

以二甲亚砜钠盐和四氢呋喃作为碱和溶剂,应用聚合物 Wittig 试剂合成顺-10-十六碳烯-1-醇5,产率31%,选择性可达90%。5经异构化得反式-10-十六碳烯-1-醇6,6的异构体比例达到生物活性要求。6氧化后得到桃柱螟性信息素——反-10-十六碳烯-1-醛7。产物结构均经 IR、NMR、MS 和元素分析等得到证实。     

FeCl_3催化吲哚烯丙醇Nazarov环化合成新型稠环吲哚

以吲哚-2-甲醛和取代苯乙酮为原料,经3步反应合成了10个吲哚烯丙基醇(5a~5j);以Fe Cl3·6H2O为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,5于40℃经分子内Nazarov环化反应,合成了10个新型稠环吲哚(6a~6j),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS表征。     

10,10-二吡啶甲基-9,10-二氢蒽的合成研究

蒽酮1和氯甲基吡啶盐酸盐2在甲苯中回流反应生成10,10-二吡啶甲基-9(10H)蒽酮(3),收率63％～68％;3用硼氢化钠还原生成10,10-二吡啶甲基-9,l0-二氢蒽-9-醇(4),收率87％～90％;蒽醇4在酸催化下发生歧化反应,得到还原产物10,10-二吡啶甲基-9,10-二氢蒽(5)和氧化产物蒽酮3.该歧化反应受催化剂、溶剂和反应温度等影响.当蒽醇4用三氟化硼为催化剂、甲苯为溶剂、回流反应,5的收率达到74％.所合成的新化合物都经1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和元素分析表征确认.     

新型两亲性氮杂六芳基苯的合成

以5-溴-2-十二烷基嘧啶为原料,经Sonogashira偶联等反应制得1,2-双(2-十二烷基嘧啶-5-基)乙炔(4); 1-溴-4-(2-(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯(5)与双频哪醇合二硼反应制得化合物(6); 4,4′-二溴苯偶酰与1,3-二苯基丙酮经羟醛缩合反应制得四芳基环戊二烯酮衍生物(7); 化合物4与7经Diels-Alder反应制得化合物8; 8与6〖STBZ〗通过Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应合成新型两亲性氮杂六芳基苯(9),化合物6~9为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(MALDI-TOF)表征。     

25,27-二(α,γ-二酮苯丁氧基)-26,28-二羟基杯[4]芳烃的合成

以对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃为原料脱除叔丁基得到杯[4]芳烃,再经醚化、缩合两步反应首次合成25,27-二(α,γ-二酮苯丁氧基)-26,28-二羟基杯[4]芳烃,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、MS及元素分析表征。研究表明,目标化合物中的α,γ-二酮结构存在酮醇异构现象,在溶液中其酮醇异构体比例近似为1∶2。     

1-[6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基]酰肼及其衍生物的合成与表征

以水合肼和硝酸胍为原料,经肼化、环化、氧化和肼化四步反应合成了1-[6-(3,5-二甲基-1H吡唑-1-基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基]酰肼(4);4与酰氯或磺酰氯反应合成了一系列新型的1-[6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪-3基]酰肼衍生物(6a～6j),其结构经1H NMR,IR...     

13-顺-4-羰基维甲酸葡萄糖酯的合成与表征

13-顺维甲酸与溴代-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖在4-二甲氨基吡啶催化下合成了13-顺维甲酸葡萄糖酯(5),以二氧化锰为氧化剂,5经氧化成功地合成了新化合物13-顺-4-羰基维甲酸葡萄糖酯(6)。5和6的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS表征,结果表明5和6均为β-构型糖酯。     

含嘧啶基团的新型亲水性共轭大环化合物的合成

以三乙甘醇单甲醚为原料,制得化合物1和2; 1和2经取代反应制得1-【2-{1-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}甲基-3-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基】丙氧基-3,5-二溴苯(3)和1-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基-3,5-二溴苯(4); 3和4分别与双频那醇合二硼反应制得化合物5和6; 6与5-溴-2-碘嘧啶发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应制得化合物7; 5与7在铂催化下发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应合成了一个新型的共轭大环化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MALDI-TOF-MS表征。     

新型N-芳基哌嗪取代苯并呋喃衍生物的合成

以5-二甲氨基水杨醛和2-溴-4'-氟苯乙酮为原料,经缩合和取代反应制得中间体6-二乙氨基-2-[4'-(N-哌嗪基)苯甲酰基]苯并呋喃(2);2与卤代烃反应合成了6个新型的N-芳基哌嗪取代苯并呋喃衍生物(4a~4f),收率76%~93%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。