基于智能驾驶电动汽车的多车?桥梁耦合系统动力学特性研究

迫于能源和环保问题的压力, 电动汽车及智能驾驶受到了各国高度重视. 轮毂电机驱动电动汽车车轮振动剧烈, 与桥梁路面动力学相互作用更加突出, 现有研究主要针对传统汽车, 关于电动车轮与公路桥梁接触动力学相互作用及智能驾驶车队的多车?桥梁耦合作用研究尚不多见. 本文以轮毂电机驱动电动汽车为研究对象, 考虑车轮和桥面多点接触关系, 研究了两个智能驾驶汽车过桥时的车桥耦合动力学特性. 分析了电机质量、电机激励、轮胎悬架刚度非线性、车距、车速对系统振动特性的影响, 以及桥面不平顺激励、三重耦合激励对电动汽车平顺性的影响. 研究表明: 车距和车速是影响车?桥系统振动特性的重要因素, 在车?桥耦合动态设计中, 车距和车速的影响应重点关注; 桥面越平坦, 电机激励及桥面二次激励对车辆平顺性和道路友好性影响越加显著, 当汽车行驶在平坦桥面时两种激励对轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的影响不容忽视. 所建模型有望为智能驾驶电动汽车与桥梁的耦合作用研究提供理论参考.      

车辆-桥梁耦合作用分析

文章通过拉氏方程，在时变动力学的基础上，建立车-桥耦合振动的系统方程。重点探讨了车的质量、车速、刚度、阻尼比、桥跨、桥的阻尼比，桥面粗糙程度等参数在车．桥耦合振动中的作用。其中车速、车的刚度、桥的形式、桥的阻尼起着重要作用。文中还比较了把车辆分别模拟为移动力、移动刚体、移动的弹性体时车．桥互相作用力的差别，得出有必要将车辆模拟为移动的弹性体，以减小分析高速车辆所引起的互相作用力的误差。并考虑了车-桥耦合振动中行驶车辆的转动效应，虽然它的影响是很小的；还尝试性的讨论了桥上行车舒适度的问题，车的阻尼起着很重要的作用。     

车桥耦合振动系统的半主动控制法

在已研究的车桥耦合振动动力学模型的基础上,针对简支桥梁模型,将车载对桥梁的耦合作用力看作是外干扰,提出了一种对桥梁的半主动控制模型。根据哈密顿原理推导了控制模型,发现这种模型自身具有状态反馈的特点;针对四分之一车辆与桥梁耦合振动建立的控制模型,经过搭建Simulink仿真,可以看出该模型对于跨中位移以及耦合力作用点位移振幅的削减幅度达80%左右,由此说明了半主动控制模型具有良好的控制效果。     

Coupling vibration of vehicle-bridge system

By applying the sinusoidal wave mode to simulate the rugged surface of bridge deck, accounting for vehicle-bridge interaction and using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, a coupling vibration model of vehicle-bridge system was developed. The model was solved by mode analyzing method and Runge-Kutta method, and the dynamic response and the resonance curve of the bridge were obtained. It is found that there are two resonance regions, one represents the main resonance while the other the minor resonance, in the resonance curve. The influence due to the rugged surface, the vibration mode of bridge, and the interaction between vehicle and bridge on vibration of the system were discussed. Numerical results show that the influence due to these parameters is so significant that the effect of roughness of the bridge deck and the mode shape of the bridge can‘ t be ignored and the vehicle velocity should be kept away from the critical speed of the vehicle_     

基于LS -DYNA公路桥车桥耦合的车辆模型研究

研究公路桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的动力响应,建立合理的车辆模型非常重要。为更真实地体现桥梁在车载作用下的动力响应,基于LS-DYNA程序,结合常用重型车辆的结构特性及参数,对车辆的橡胶轮胎、轮胎内气体压力、车轮转动和车辆悬架系统进行模拟,使车辆模型更接近实际车辆。通过车辆轴重和动力特性初步验证车辆有限元模型的有效性;同时,以一座混凝土简支空心板梁桥为算例,验证车轮转动和车桥相互接触力,并将LS-DYNA计算结果与桥梁实测结果进行对比,进一步验证车辆有限元模型的有效性。研究结果表明,基于LS-DYNA建立的三维车辆有限元模型是可行的,可以用于研究车桥相互作用。     

考虑轮轨脱离的车桥耦合系统动力响应分析

针对密贴和弹簧连接两种轮轨关系模型,通过构造车轮与桥梁之间相对位移和相互作用力间的线性互补关系,建立了两种考虑轮轨脱离的车桥耦合系统动力学分析模型,从而将车桥耦合系统的轮轨连接问题转化为标准的线性互补问题。本文方法不需要在每一个时间步对接触状态进行判断,避免了传统算法的迭代求解过程,能够对轮轨脱离进行模拟。在数值算例中,讨论了无量纲化的车桥耦合系统质量、刚度等参数和行驶状态对系统响应动力放大系数的影响,以及速度因子和车桥质量因子对轮轨脱离的影响。数值算例证明了本文方法的正确性,且相对于传统轮轨接触模型具有更高的计算效率。     

车辆各轮相干桥面不平顺激励的车桥耦合振动

根据车辆左右轮的互功率谱密度和相干函数,推导了左右轮桥面不平顺特性中对应相位角的相干关系,提出了采用相位角相干生成车辆各轮相干桥面不平顺激励的方法,并通过数值算例验证了该生成方法的可靠性.工程应用结果表明,车辆各轮相干桥面不平顺激励增大了桥梁、车辆竖向和车辆俯仰角的振动响应,但降低了车辆侧倾角的振动响应;不同相干函数模...     

外激励作用下弹性支撑浅拱的非线性动力学分析

研究了外激励下两端采用转动弹簧约束的铰支浅拱在发生1:1内共振时的非线性动力学行为。通过引入基本假定和无量纲化变量得到浅拱的动力学控制方程, 将阻尼项、外荷载项和非线性项去掉后,所得线性方程及对应边界条件即可确定考虑转动弹簧影响的频率和模态, 发现转动约束取不同刚度值时系统存在模态交叉与模态转向两种内共振形式。对动力方程进行Galerkin全离散, 并采用多尺度法对内共振进行了摄动分析, 得到了极坐标和直角坐标两种形式的平均方程, 其中平均方程系数与转动弹簧刚度一一对应。最低两阶模态之间1:1内共振的数值研究结果表明: 外激励能激发内共振模态的非线性相互作用, 参数处于某一范围时系统存在周期解、准周期解和混沌解窗口, 且通过(逆)倍周期分岔方式进入混沌。     

Periodic and Chaotic Motions of a Rotor-Active Magnetic Bearing with Quadratic and Cubic Terms and Time-Varying Stiffness

In this paper, we use the asymptotic perturbation method to investigate nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics in a rotor-active magnetic bearings (AMB) system with 8-pole legs and the time-varying stiffness. The stiffness in the AMB is considered as the time varying in a periodic form. Because of considering the weight of the rotor, the formulation on the electromagnetic force resultants includes the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The resulting dimensionless equations of motion for the rotor-AMB system with the time-varying stiffness in the horizontal and vertical directions are a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities and parametric excitation. The asymptotic perturbation method is used to obtain the averaged equations in the case of primary parametric resonance and 1/2 subharmonic resonance. It is found that there exist period-3, period-4, period-6, period-7, period-8, quasiperiodic and chaotic modulated amplitude oscillations in the rotor-AMB system with the time-varying stiffness. It is seen from the numerical results that there are the phenomena of the multiple solutions and the soft-spring type and the hardening-spring type in nonlinear frequency-response curves for the rotor-AMB system. The parametric excitation, or the time-varying stiffness produced by the PD controller is considered to be a controlling force which can control the chaotic response in the rotor-AMB system to a period n motion.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a quarter vehicle system with external periodic excitation

In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic model of a quarter vehicle with nonlinear spring and damping is established. The dynamic characteristics of the vehicle system with external periodic excitation are theoretically investigated by the incremental harmonic balance method and Newmark method, and the accuracy of the incremental harmonic balance method is verified by comparing with the result of Newmark method. The influences of the damping coefficient, excitation amplitude and excitation frequency on the dynamic responses are analyzed. The results show that the vibration behaviors of the vehicle system can be control by adjusting appropriately system parameters with the damping coefficient, excitation amplitude and excitation frequency. The multi-valued properties, spur-harmonic response and hardening type nonlinear behavior are revealed in the presented amplitude-frequency curves. With the changing parameters, the transformation of chaotic motion, quasi-periodic motion and periodic motion is also observed. The conclusions can provide some available evidences for the design and improvement of the vehicle system.     

Complicated nonlinear responses of a simply supported FGM rectangular plate under combined parametric and external excitations

In this paper, we use the asymptotic perturbation method based on the Fourier expansion and the temporal rescaling to investigate the nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics of a simply supported rectangular plate made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to a through-thickness temperature field together with parametric and external excitations. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent. Based on the Reddy’s third-order plate theory, the governing equations of motion for the plate are derived using the Hamilton’s principle. The Galerkin procedure is employed to obtain a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system including the quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms. The resonant case considered here is 1:2 internal resonance, principal parametric resonance-1/2 subharmonic resonance. Based on the averaged equation in polar coordinate form, the stability of steady state solutions is analyzed. The phase portrait, waveform and Poincaré map are used to analyze the periodic and chaotic motions of the FGM rectangular plate. It is found that the FGM rectangular plate exhibits the chaotic motions under certain circumstances. It is seen that the nonlinear dynamic responses of the FGM rectangular plate are more sensitive to transverse excitation. The excitation force can be used as a controlling factor which can change the response of the FGM rectangular plate from periodic motion to the chaotic motion.     

Studies on Bifurcation and Chaos of a String-Beam Coupled System with Two Degrees-of-Freedom

In this paper, research on nonlinear dynamic behavior of a string-beam coupled system subjected to parametric and external excitations is presented. The governing equations of motion are obtained for the nonlinear transverse vibrations of the string-beam coupled system. The Galerkin's method is employed to simplify the governing equations to a set of ordinary differential equations with two degrees-of-freedom. The case of 1:2 internal resonance between the modes of the beam and string, principal parametric resonance for the beam, and primary resonance for the string is considered. The method of multiple scales is utilized to analyze the nonlinear responses of the string-beam coupled system. Based on the averaged equation obtained here, the techniques of phase portrait, waveform, and Poincare map are applied to analyze the periodic and chaotic motions. It is found from numerical simulations that there are obvious jumping phenomena in the resonant response–frequency curves. It is indicated from the phase portrait and Poincare map that period-4, period-2, and periodic solutions and chaotic motions occur in the transverse nonlinear vibrations of the string-beam coupled system under certain conditions. An erratum to this article is available at .     

一种基于轮轨竖向刚性接触的车-桥空间耦合振动建模方法

车辆-桥梁耦合振动研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值,耦合系统运动方程的建立是研究开展的关键。本文将车辆-桥梁作为一个整体系统,采取轮轨竖向刚性接触方式,考虑轨道竖向、横向不平顺及其一、二阶导数,和轮对侧滚惯性力以及自旋角动量的影响,车辆采用弹簧阻尼连接的多刚体模拟,桥梁采用空间梁单元离散,基于Kalker线性蠕滑理论结合Shen-Hedrick-Elkins修正理论计算轮轨蠕滑力,运用弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及其对号入座法则,推导了车辆-桥梁耦合系统空间有限元形式的运动方程,该运动方程可采用逐步积分法直接求解得到车辆和桥梁的动力响应。最后,本文给出了典型的数值算例进行了分析计算。     

磁耦合式双稳态宽频压电俘能器的设计和俘能特性

为了同时提高振动能量俘获系统的效率和实用性, 俘能器主结构的振动特性与环境振动特性的匹配度显得尤为重要. 非线性系统复杂的动力学行为为设计高效的俘能器奠定了基础, 但结构一旦被设计、生成出来, 其工作频率往往是固定的, 无法根据环境中的振动而发生相应的改变. 本文利用可移动铰支座和非线性磁力设计了一种具有双稳态特性的宽频压电俘能器, 通过拓宽压电俘能器的工作频带, 来匹配环境中较宽的振动频率. 为了保证系统低频宽带的俘能效果, 详细分析了结构的长度比、磁间距、负载阻抗、外激励频率和幅值等对系统线性刚度、非线性刚度以及动力学行为的影响, 并进行了实验验证. 首先将系统简化为欧拉-伯努力梁, 利用拉格朗日方程建立系统的非线性动力学方程, 并利用谐波平衡法进行求解. 针对理论分析给出的不同外激励频率下的最优长度比, 搭建了实验平台进行验证. 理论和实验的结果表明: 非线性磁力的引入使系统呈现负刚度特性, 使俘能器能够在单稳态和双稳态之间的变换, 实现低频俘能效果; 通过调节可移动铰支座的位置, 改变系统的长细比, 能够实现从0到16 Hz的宽频俘能效果.      

超空泡运动体圆柱薄壳的非线性动力屈曲分析

超空泡运动体的动力屈曲失稳具有隐蔽性、突发性和危险性, 因而必须研究清楚运动体的失稳区域边界及失稳振幅. 将超空泡运动体模拟成受轴向周期载荷作用的细长圆柱薄壳, 给出非线性几何方程、物理方程和平衡方程, 建立细长圆柱薄壳带有非线性项的动力屈曲微分方程组; 依据非线性项的形式, 给出合理的非线性位移表达式, 得到具有周期性系数的非线性横向振动微分方程; 采用伽辽金变分法和和鲍洛金方法, 获得带有周期性系数和非线性项的马奇耶方程; 求解非线性马奇耶方程, 得到第一、第二阶不稳定区域内的定态振动振幅的解析表达式; 绘制超空泡运动体的非线性参数共振曲线, 分析航行速度、载荷比例系数、轴向载荷频率和振型对参数共振曲线的影响. 以上研究为建立基于参数共振的圆柱薄壳动力失稳的可靠性分析及基于参数共振可靠性的结构动力优化设计的奠定了理论基础.      

带弹簧-质量系统的车-桥耦合演变随机振动

提取悬挂有弹簧-质量系统桥梁的模态函数,将车辆简化为一个两自由度的移动系统,以桥面不平度功率谱密度为输入,建立车辆与带弹簧-质量系统的桥梁的耦合系统力学模型. 结合状态空间理论和演变随机过程的一般理论,研究车-桥耦合演变随机振动的弹簧-质量系统控制. 通过数值算例可知:弹簧-质量系统对车辆的随机响应没有影响,而可以降低桥梁的随机响应. 最后,探讨了弹簧-质量系统与桥梁质量比、弹簧--质量系统个数对桥梁随机响应的影响.     

Internal-external resonance of a curved pipe conveying fluid resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation

In this study, the forced vibration of a curved pipe conveying fluid resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation is considered. The governing equations for the pipe system are formed with the consideration of viscoelastic material, nonlinearity of foundation, external excitation, and extensibility of centre line. Equations governing the in-plane vibration are solved first by the Galerkin method to obtain the static in-plane equilibrium configuration. The out-of-plane vibration is simplified into a constant coefficient gyroscopic system. Subsequently, the method of multiple scales (MMS) is developed to investigate external first and second primary resonances of the out-of-plane vibration in the presence of three-to-one internal resonance between the first two modes. Modulation equations are formed to obtain the steady state solutions. A parametric study is carried out for the first primary resonance. The effects of damping, nonlinear stiffness of the foundation, internal resonance detuning parameter, and the magnitude of the external excitation are investigated through frequency response curves and force response curves. The characteristics of the single mode response and the relationship between single and two mode steady state solutions are revealed for the second primary resonance. The stability analysis is carried out for these plots. Finally, the approximately analytical results are confirmed by the numerical integrations.     

NONLINEAR VIBRATION OF THE COUPLED STRUCTURE OF SUSPENDED-CABLE-STAYED BEAM-1:2 INTERNAL RESONANCE

Through the Galerkin method the nonlinear ordinary differential equations （ODEs） in time are obtained from the nonlinear partial differential equations （PDEs） to describe the mo- tion of the coupled structure of a suspended-cable-stayed beam. In the PDEs, the curvature of main cables and the deformation of cable stays are taken into account. The dynamics of the struc- ture is investigated based on the ODEs when the structure is subjected to a harmonic excitation in the presence of both high-frequency principle resonance and 1：2 internal resonance. It is found that there are typical jumps and saturation phenomena of the vibration amplitude in the struc- ture. And the structure may present quasi-periodic vibration or chaos, if the stiffness of the cable stays membrane and frequency of external excitation are disturbed.     

Dynamics and control of a self-sustained electromechanical seismographs with time-varying stiffness

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear dynamics and vibration control of an electromechanical seismograph system with time-varying stiffness. The instrument consists of an electrical part coupled to mechanical one and is used to record the vibration during earthquakes. An active control method is applied to the system based on cubic velocity feedback. The electromechanical system is subjected to parametric and external excitations and modeled by a coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain approximate solutions and investigate the response of the system. The results of perturbation solution have been verified through numerical simulations, where different effects of the system parameters have been reported.     

列车-桥梁耦合振动研究综述

针对列车-桥梁耦合振动问题,从模型分类与建立、轮轨接触、数值计算、工程应用等4个方面综述了20世纪60年代至今,特别是近20年以来的研究进展,总结了已经取得的成就与结论.并指出建立更加精细合理、运算效率高的列车-桥梁耦合振动模型,综合考虑整个体系中的各种因素,更系统地分析车、桥相互作用的影响关系,将成为列车-桥梁耦合振动研究的必然趋势.