高速摄影法测量圆盘状颗粒曳力系数的方法研究

曳力系数是表征气固相互作用的基础性参数之一。常规的曳力系数测量主要采用重力沉降法,只适用于重颗粒、且表面光滑密实的情况,并不适用于像生物质这类非球形、轻质颗粒的曳力系数的测量。本文介绍一种非球形、轻质颗粒曳力系数的高速摄像测量方法,基于颗粒视频、图像的处理方法,分析在测量区域内颗粒的受力大小和迎风截面的变化.应用该方法测量两种典型球形、圆盘状颗粒的曳力系数,实验结果表明球形颗粒的测量结果与标准曳力曲线预测的结果变化趋势一致;对于圆盘状颗粒,其测量结果与非球形颗粒曳力系数的Hoizer经验公式计算值相比,存在20%的平均误差。     

基于Fourier描述子方法的颗粒形状及曳力模型研究

如何准确地描述非球形颗粒的形状是研究这类颗粒的普适性曳力模型的关键.本文引入了FD方法,确切地表征r底面为不同形状的正多边形和圆形的柱状颗粒的形状和相互间的差异,建立了用于改进非球形曳力模型适用性的形状阵列.正多边形系列的沉降关系之间的平均差异与FD方法获得的形状差异之间存在着幂函数关系,表明FD方法获得的形状差异能够...     

基于人工神经网络模型的非球形颗粒曳力系数预测

本文通过人工神经网络预测方法对非球形颗粒气固曳力系数进行了预测及分析。首先比较了BP(Backpropagation)神经网络模型和RBF(Radical Basis Function)基神经网络模型对Pettyjohn和Christiansen等人实验工况中的结果进行了预测。结果表明,采用RBF方法预测非球形颗粒气固曳力系数误差较小,计算效率较高。同时,应用RBF基神经网络模型,对不同形状因子下的气固曳力系数进行了预测和分析。研究结果表明,人工神经网络可以用于非球形颗粒气固曳力系数的预测研究,本文研究结果为复杂形状颗粒气固曳力系数的预测提供了一种有效的手段。     

近壁球形颗粒的曳力特性研究

本文研究了球形颗粒在近壁区域内的曳力特性,基于气体动理论方法推导得到了自由分子区内近壁颗粒沿垂直于平壁方向运动时所受曳力的表达式,其计算结果与直接蒙特卡洛模拟结果一致。计算并分析了动量适应系数、壁面温度等参数对近壁颗粒所受曳力的影响规律和机制。当壁面动量适应系数为零时,近壁效应消失;当壁面温度高于气体温度时,近壁效应使得颗粒所受曳力增大;当壁面温度低于气体温度且颗粒速度较小时,可能出现曳力方向与颗粒运动方向相同的情况。     

超临界水中颗粒受Stefan流影响的数值模拟研究

超临界水气化(SCWG)技术由于其清洁及高效性而具有广阔的应用前景,反应过程中颗粒表面的Stefan流动不可忽略。本文主要开展在雷诺数10～200范围内的不同Stefan流方向以及强度对超临界水绕流固定球形颗粒的曳力以及传热过程影响的研究,同时对颗粒周围的流场以及速度和温度边界层进行了分析,结果表明,随着内向Stefan流强度的增大,曳力系数与努塞尔数均呈现增大的趋势,速度与温度边界层的厚度均呈现减薄的趋势;随着外向Stefan流强度增大,以上结论呈现相反趋势。     

稠密气固两相QL-EMMS曳力模型及改进

通过引入颗粒加速度,改进现有EMMS曳力模型中的颗粒受力平衡关系,耦合流动的整体参数、局部参数与曳力,提出了基于流态化多尺度最小能量原理的QL-EMMS曳力模型.实验检验表明,模型精度高,普适性好.进一步采用O-S经验曳力模型的单峰函数,修正了颗粒团直径公式,改进后的QL-EMMSn模型更加合理地体现了非均匀曳力变化的...     

曳力和湍流对超临界水流化床传热特性的影响

本文采用基于颗粒动力学的欧拉双流体模型,对比研究了曳力和湍流对超临界水流化床传热特性的影响,选取了Gidaspow、Syamlal-O'Brien和Wen-Yu三种曳力模型以及标准κ-ε、RNGκ-ε、Realizableκ-ε湍流模型三种高Re数湍流模型及低Re数κ-ε湍流模型。研究结果表明,在三种曳力模型中,Gidaspow曳力模型在超临界水流化床中更为适用;对于所采用的四种κ-ε湍流模型,利用三种高雷诺数湍流模型模拟所得床层与壁面间传热系数基本一致且大于采用低雷诺数模型模拟所得传热系数,而综合考虑,RNGκ-ε湍流模型更适于超临水流化床传热特性的研究。     

管内单颗粒胶凝原油运动敏感性分析

本文研究单个胶凝原油颗粒在水力悬浮输送过程中的运动规律,分析了运动规律对不同影响因素的敏感性。在模型建立过程中连续相采用k-ε湍流模型,胶凝原油颗粒采用DPM模型,并采用修正后的水-胶凝原油颗粒曳力系数进行计算,得到不同条件下胶凝原油颗粒的运动轨迹和y方向速度,同时通过实验验证模型的正确性,并对颗粒粒径、颗粒密度、释放位置、颗粒初速度和水流速度等影响因素进行了分析。     

基于有限元法的非球形颗粒光学常数反演分析

本文基于有限元方法和K-K关系,使用COMSOL与MATLAB动态交互仿真反演非球形颗粒的光学常数。以飞灰颗粒的光学常数为研究对象,首先验证了有限元方法求解球形颗粒衰减因子的准确性,在此基础上采用有限元方法分别求解了球形颗粒、正八面体形颗粒、表面带有微结构的球形颗粒的辐射特性参数,分析了形状因素对颗粒散射特性的影响规律。使用蒙特卡洛方法获得上述三种形状飞灰颗粒系统的透射率光谱,以此为"实验值"反演了其复折射率并与飞灰颗粒真实值比较,得到了较好的结果。     

基于分形理论的驻波声场中颗粒团运动特性数值预测*

基于分形理论,建立驻波声场中颗粒团动力学模型,对颗粒团的夹带系数、相位滞后和漂移系数进行数值预测。将预测结果和实验进行对比,二者吻合良好。在此基础上,研究了组成颗粒团的原生颗粒半径、数目以及排列情况对于颗粒团运动特性参数的影响。结果表明,对于由两个原生颗粒组成的颗粒团,原生颗粒半径越接近,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异越大;在分形维数一定时,随着原生颗粒数目的增多,颗粒团的夹带系数减小,相位滞后增加,漂移系数先增大后减小,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒的动力学行为存在显著差异;原生颗粒排列趋于致密时,颗粒团的夹带系数增大,相位滞后减小,漂移系数发生单调变化,与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异缩小。     

A Particle Resistance Model for Flow through Porous Media

A particle model for resistance of flow in isotropic porous media is developed based on the fractal geometry theory and on the drag force flowing around sphere. The proposed model is expressed as a function of porosity, fluid property, particle size, fluid velocity （or Reynolds number） and fractal characters D f of particles in porous media. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. The validity of the proposed model is thus verified.     

介观尺度流体绕流球体的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)方法, 对两平行平板间流体绕流三维球体进行了计算. 球体和平行平板由达到平衡状态的冻结DPD粒子组成, 流体在不同无量纲外力驱动下流动, 球体受力由组成球体的所有冻结DPD粒子求和得到. 流动达到充分发展后, 输出球体在流动方向的受力, 并计算球体的阻力系数, 与文献中的关联式进行了对比. 结果表明, 在Re≤qslant 100的范围内, DPD方法能较准确地计算出阻力系数, 在较大雷诺数时, 由于流     

介观尺度流体绕流球体的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)方法, 对两平行平板间流体绕流三维球体进行了计算. 球体和平行平板由达到平衡状态的冻结DPD粒子组成, 流体在不同无量纲外力驱动下流动, 球体受力由组成球体的所有冻结DPD粒子求和得到. 流动达到充分发展后, 输出球体在流动方向的受力, 并计算球体的阻力系数, 与文献中的关联式进行了对比. 结果表明, 在Re≤qslant 100的范围内, DPD方法能较准确地计算出阻力系数, 在较大雷诺数时, 由于流体的压缩性导致计算结果出现差异.     

Accumulating particles at the boundaries of a laminar flow

The accumulation of small particles is analyzed in stationary flows through channels of variable width at small Reynolds number. The combined influence of pressure, viscous drag and thermal fluctuations is described by means of a Fokker-Planck equation for the particle density. It is shown that for extended spherical particles the shape of the fluid domain gives rise to inhomogeneous particle densities, thereby leading to particle accumulation and corresponding depletion. For extended spherical particles, conditions are specified that lead to inhomogeneous densities and consequently to regions with particle accumulation and depletion.     

Drag and Lift Forces Acting on a Sphere in Shear Flow of Power-Law Fluid

Laminar flow of a power-law fluid over a sphere is considered for unbounded shear flow. The Navier–Stokes equations with power-law viscosity are solved numerically using an in-house developed CFD package. Vorticities structures downstream of particle are suppressed for powerlaw fluid. The shear rate influence on drag force is negligible for power index close to unit, and the drag force appreciably decreases with falling power index. For small Reynolds numbers, the lift force coefficient monotonically decreases against the power index and exhibits an opposite behavior for moderate values of Reynolds numbers. The results of the parametric studies are used to derive correlations for the drag force and to detect the hydrodynamic differences from uniform flow. The investigation parameters varied within the following ranges: power-law index 0.3 ≤ n ≤ 1, Reynolds number 0 < Re ≤ 150, and dimensionless shear rate 0.05 ≤ s ≤ 0.4.     

Forces acting on a stationary sphere in power-law fluid flow near the wall

The analysis and evaluation of the forces acting on the particle in a linear shear flow of power-law fluid (PLF) in the presence of the wall were performed. Using the results of a series of computations for a model problem with a spherical particle near a flat wall in the Reynolds number range of 0?200 and the distance to the wall from 0 to 20 particle diameters, the correlation formulas for calculating the coefficients of drag force and lift force were obtained. Special attention was paid to the behavior of the forces acting on the particle approaching the wall.     

Modelling of particle paths passing through an ultrasonic standing wave

Within an ultrasonic standing wave particles experience acoustic radiation forces causing agglomeration at the nodal planes of the wave. The technique can be used to agglomerate, suspend, or manipulate particles within a flow. To control agglomeration rate it is important to balance forces on the particles and, in the case where a fluid/particle mix flows across the applied acoustic field, it is also necessary to optimise fluid flow rate. To investigate the acoustic and fluid forces in such a system a particle model has been developed, extending an earlier model used to characterise the 1-dimensional field in a layered resonator. In order to simulate fluid drag forces, CFD software has been used to determine the velocity profile of the fluid/particle mix passing through the acoustic device. The profile is then incorporated into a MATLAB model. Based on particle force components, a numerical approach has been used to determine particle paths. Using particle coordinates, both particle concentration across the fluid channel and concentration through multiple outlets are calculated. Such an approach has been used to analyse the operation of a microfluidic flow-through separator, which uses a half wavelength standing wave across the main channel of the device. This causes particles to converge near the axial plane of the channel, delivering high and low particle concentrated flow through two outlets, respectively. By extending the model to analyse particle separation over a frequency range, it is possible to identify the resonant frequencies of the device and associated separation performance. This approach will also be used to improve the geometric design of the microengineered fluid channels, where the particle model can determine the limiting fluid flow rate for separation to occur, the value of which is then applied to a CFD model of the device geometry.     

Flow of colloid particle solution past macroscopic bodies and drag crisis

The motion of colloid particles in a viscous fluid flow is considered. Small sizes of colloid particles as compared to the characteristic scale of the flow make it possible to calculate their velocity relative to the liquid. If the density of a colloid particle is higher than the density of the liquid, the flow splits into regions in which the velocity of colloid particles coincides with the velocity of the liquid and regions of flow stagnation in which the colloid velocity is higher than the velocity of the fluid. This effect is used to explain qualitatively the decrease in the drag to the flows past macroscopic bodies and flows in pipes.     

Viscous Interaction Between a Vortex Tube and a Rotating Spherical Particle

The transient advection of a cylindrical vortex tube in a viscous incompressible flow field and its interaction with a rotating/spinning spherical particle has been investigated numerically at Reynolds numbers in the range of 20≤ Re≤200 for angular velocities of 0≤Ω≤0.5. The effects of vortex parameters such as size, circulation strength and initial position relative to the particle, on the temporal behavior of the lift and drag forces are studied. Vortex‐sphere interactions bring about major changes in the flow field particularly when coupled with particle rotation. It is observed that the forces acting on the particle are significantly influenced during the time that the vortex core is in the vicinity of the particle. The extent of these local changes are about ±30% in the drag coefficient and about ±200% in the lift coefficient as compared to flow over a rotating solid sphere with no vortex interaction. It is also found that a vortex with core radius between one and two particle diameters creates the strongest temporal variations in the lift and drag coefficients. Furthermore, maximum lift variations occur for the vortex‐particle head on collision, while a vortex with an offset distance of about one diameter from the principal flow axis generates the maximum drag variations.