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1.
MSPD procedure for determining buprofezin,tetradifon, vinclozolin,and bifenthrin residues in propolis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
dos Santos TF Aquino A Dórea HS Navickiene S 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2008,390(5):1425-1430
A simple and effective extraction method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed to determine bifenthrin,
buprofezin, tetradifon, and vinclozolin in propolis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring
mode (GC–MS, SIM). Different method conditions were evaluated, for example type of solid phase (C18, alumina, silica, and Florisil), the amount of solid phase and eluent (n-hexane, dichloromethane, dichloromethane–n-hexane (8:2 and 1:1, v/v) and dichloromethane–ethyl acetate (9:1, 8:2 and 7:3, v/v)). The best results were obtained using 0.5 g propolis, 1.0 g silica as dispersant sorbent, 1.0 g Florisil as clean-up sorbent,
and dichloromethane–ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v) as eluting solvent. The method was validated by analysis of propolis samples fortified at different concentration levels
(0.25 to 1.0 mg kg−1). Average recoveries (four replicates) ranged from 67% to 175% with relative standard deviation between 5.6% and 12.1%. Detection
and quantification limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 mg kg−1 and 0.15 to 0.25 mg kg−1 propolis, respectively. 相似文献
2.
A. Amini V. Barclay T. Rundlöf S. Jönsson A. Karlsson T. Arvidsson 《Chromatographia》2006,63(3-4):143-148
This paper reports the determination of caffeine, ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine in a dietary product by two rapid and simple
methods utilising capillary electrophoresis (CE). The solutes were extracted from the product using 0.2 M HCl and determined
by CE with background electrolytes containing 7.5% highly sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (7–11 sulfate groups per β-CD molecule) at pH 2.5 and pH 7.6. Determination of ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine was accomplished at pH 2.5 with the anode
at the detection side of the capillary whereas caffeine was quantified at pH 7.6 with a normal electrophoresis polarity mode.
Triethanolamine was added to the running buffer at pH 2.5 in order to reverse the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and thereby speed
up the separation of ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine.
Revised: 18 November 2005 and 2 January 2006 相似文献
3.
Summary The use of 2-(9-carbazole)ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) for pre-column derivatization of biogenic amines (BA) has been tested
for the first time. The reagent reacts completely with BA within 3 min at ambient temperature in acetonitrile solution to
form stable derivatives that are readily analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Study of the derivatization conditions revealed
derivatization yields to be excellent in borate buffer over the pH range 9.0–10.0. Maximum yields were obtained by use of
a three- to fourfold molar excess of reagent. The reaction is extremely tolerant of common buffer salts, no decrease in reaction
yield is discernible in well-buffered samples. The emission maximum for the CEOC-derivatives is 360 nm (λ
ex = 293 nm). All the derivatives fluoresced strongly and direct injection of the reaction mixture was possible, with no significant
disturbance from the major fluorescent reagent degradation by-products, 2-(9-carbazole)ethanol (CEOC-OH) and bis-(2-(9-carbazole)ethyl)
carbonate (CEOC)2. Separation of the derivatized BA by high-performance liquid chromatography with gradient elution was tested on a Hypersil
BDS C18 column. Excellent response linearity was observed over the concentration range from 0.25 to 94.6 μmol L−1 for the labeled BA. Detection limits were 117–840 fmol at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3∶1. Analysis of BA in a shrimp sauce
extract was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the technique to real sample matrixes; results were satisfactory. 相似文献
4.
Boroujerdi AF Lee PA DiTullio GR Janech MG Vied SB Bearden DW 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,403(3):777-784
In-line solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometric detection (SPE–CE–MS) has been used
for determination of 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), codeine (COD), hydrocodeine (HCOD), and 6-acetylmorphine
(6AM) in urine. The preconcentration system consists of a small capillary filled with Oasis HLB sorbent and inserted into
the inlet section of the electrophoresis capillary. The SPE–CE–MS experimental conditions were optimized as follows: the sample
(adjusted to pH 6.0) was loaded at 930 mbar for 60 min, elution was performed with methanol at 50 mbar for 35 s, 60 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate at pH 3.8 was used as running buffer, the separation voltage was 30 kV, and the sheath liquid at a flow
rate of 5.0 μL min−1 was isopropanol–water 50:50 (v/v) containing 0.5% acetic acid. Analysis of urine samples spiked with the four drugs and diluted 1:1 (v/v) was studied in the linear range 0.08–10 ng mL−1. Detection limits (LODs) (S/N = 3) were between 0.013 and 0.210 ng mL−1. Repeatability (expressed as relative standard deviation) was below 7.2%. The method developed enables simple and effective
determination of these drugs of abuse in urine samples at the levels encountered in toxicology and doping. 相似文献
5.
Summary Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was coupled at-line to capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the determination of a series of basic
test compounds (i. e. tricyclic antidepressants). The analysis was performed using a non-aqueous CE buffer, which resulted
in baseline separation of all test compounds. This is in marked contrast with CE using aqueous buffers where hardly any separation
was obtained either with or without micelles. The SPE procedure was used to remove simultaneously most of the water from the
sample, because no direct analysis of aqueous samples is possible when a non-aqueous CE buffer is used. With the present method
the antidepressants can be determined in both urine and serum. Analyte detectability is increased up to 10-fold due to trace
enrichment during the extraction process; the limits of detection (LODs; UV 214 nm) are 30–300 ng mL−1 in urine and 300–1000 ng mL−1 in serum. TheRSD values (n=5) of the within-day and between-day precision are below 9% and 11% respectively. Therefore, the present procedure can be
used for drug monitoring. 相似文献
6.
A new, simple high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been established and validated for simultaneous determination
of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam in a combined tablet dosage form. The drugs were separated on aluminum plates precoated
with silica gel 60 F254; toluene–ethyl acetate–triethylamine 7:3.5:3 (v/v) was used as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was performed by densitometric scanning at 258 nm. The method was validated
for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration plot was linear over the ranges 250–2,500 and 50–500 ng band−1 for escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of drugs in a
pharmaceutical formulation. 相似文献
7.
A capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence detection method (CE-LIF) was developed for the separation of eight
neurotransmitters tagged on their amino function with 6-oxy-(N-succinimidyl acetate)-9-(2′-methoxycarbonyl) fluorescein (SAMF), a new fluorescent reagent synthesized in our lab. Derivatization
was performed in boric acid buffer (pH = 7.75) at 37 °C over 15 min. The pH-independent fluorescence of SAMF (pH 4–9) permits
background buffers over a wide range of pH. It was demonstrated that an acidic running buffer offers a better resolution compared
to basic medium in terms of resolution and peak shapes. Employing Cu2+ as the additive, the molecules were baseline-separated using a running buffer consisting of 40 mM sodium acetate and 2 mM
Cu2+ (pH 6.0). The detection limits ranged from 1 to 2 × 10−10 M. The method has been validated for the characterization of lymphocyte samples. The results obtained illustrate the advantages
of combining SAMF derivatization with CE-LIF for determining neurotransmitters. 相似文献
8.
Hillebrand S Garcia W Delmar Cantú M de Araújo AP Tanaka M Tanaka T Garratt RC Carrilho E 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,383(1):92-97
A capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based method for the in vitro detection and monitoring of nucleotide-triphosphatase activity
is described. This robust and reproducible method was used to investigate GTPase activity of a recombinant protein construct
containing the catalytic domain of Human SEPT4/Bradeion β (GST-rDGTPase). This example application demonstrates that the CE
technique can replace classical radioactive methods for GTPase activity assays and may be used as a routine analytical tool.
Enzyme kinetics of GST-rDGTPase was studied and yielded the following kinetic parameters: v
max = 1.7 μM min−1 ± 0.1, Km = 1.0 mM ± 0.3, and apKcat = 9 × 10−3 s−1. In addition the effect of co-factors such as Mg2+ and Mn2+ on the catalytic activity was investigated. The described analytical method was also shown to be useful to analyze diphosphated
and triphosphated forms of other nucleotides. 相似文献
9.
Jijun Tang Jianwei Xie Lei Guo Yan Yan Ningsheng Shao 《Frontiers of Chemistry in China》2007,2(4):431-435
Aptamers which specifically recognize targets are selected from random oligonucleotide library using systematic evolution
of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). In this paper, capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a separation approach has been
introduced to SELEX procedure. The high efficiency of CE gives rise to greatly shorten the selection procedure. The results
from enzyme-linked assay and dot blot experiment show that an enrichment pool has been obtained after four rounds selection,
which can specifically recognize ricin.
__________
Translated from Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2006, 27(10): 1,840–1,843 [译自: 高等学校化学学报] 相似文献
10.
You J Liu L Zhao W Zhao X Suo Y Wang H Li Y 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(8):2705-2718
A simple and sensitive method for evaluating the chemical compositions of protein amino acids, including cystine (Cys)2 and tryptophane (Try) has been developed, based on the use of a sensitive labeling reagent 2-(11H-benzo[α]-carbazol-11-yl) ethyl chloroformate (BCEC–Cl) along with fluorescence detection. The chromophore of the 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-ethyl
chloroformate (BCEOC-Cl) molecule was replaced with the 2-(11H-benzo[α]-carbazol-11-yl) ethyl functional group, yielding the sensitive fluorescence molecule BCEC–Cl. The new reagent BCEC–Cl
could then be substituted for labeling reagents commonly used in amino acid derivatization. The BCEC–amino acid derivatives
exhibited very high detection sensitivities, particularly in the cases of (Cys)2 and Try, which cannot be determined using traditional labeling reagents such as 9-fluorenyl methylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl)
and ortho-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). The fluorescence detection intensities for the BCEC derivatives were compared to those obtained when
using FMOC-Cl and BCEOC-Cl as labeling reagents. The ratios I
BCEC/I
BCEOC = 1.17–3.57, I
BCEC/I
FMOC = 1.13–8.21, and UVBCEC/UVBCEOC = 1.67–4.90 (where I is the fluorescence intensity and UV is the ultraviolet absorbance). Derivative separation was optimized on a Hypersil BDS
C18 column. The detection limits calculated from 1.0 pmol injections, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, ranged from 7.2 fmol for
Try to 8.4 fmol for (Cys)2. Excellent linear responses were observed, with coefficients of >0.9994. When coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography,
the method established here allowed the development of a highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitative analysis
of trace levels of amino acids including (Cys)2 and Try from bee-collected pollen (bee pollen) samples. 相似文献
11.
This study presents a high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometric (LC–ESI–MS) method
for the simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen in human plasma using phenacetinum as the internal standard.
After alkalization with saturated sodium bicarbonate, both compounds were extracted from human plasma with ethyl acetate and
were separated by HPLC on a Hanbon LiChrospher CN column with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.5%
formic acid–methanol (40:60, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Analytes were determined using electrospray ionization in a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. LC–ESI–MS was performed
in the positive selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode using target ions at [M+H]+
m/z 264.3 for tramadol, [M+H]+
m/z 152.2 for acetaminophen and [M+H]+
m/z 180.2 for phenacetinum. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 5–600 ng mL−1 for tramadol and 0.03–16 μg mL−1 for acetaminophen. The inter-run relative standard deviations were less than 14.4% for tramadol and 12.3% for acetaminophen.
The intra-run relative standard deviations were less than 9.3% for tramadol and 7.9% for acetaminophen. The mean plasma extraction
recovery for tramadol and acetaminophen were in the ranges of 82.7–85.9 and 83.6–85.3%. The method was applied to study the
pharmacokinetics of a new formulation of tramadol/acetaminophen tablet in healthy Chinese volunteers. 相似文献
12.
Zhang ZX Gao PF Guo XF Wang H Zhang HS 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,401(6):1905-1914
1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl butyric ester)difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (TMBB-Su), a new BODIPY-based fluorescent probe, was designed and synthesized for the labeling of amino compounds.
It was used as a pre-column derivatizing reagent for determination of amino acid neurotransmitters by high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC). The fluorescence quantum yield in acetonitrile increased from 0.84 to 0.95 when it reacted with amino
acid neurotransmitters. Derivatization of TMBB-Su with seven amino acid neurotransmitters was completed within 30 min at 25 °C
in 24.0 mmol L−1 pH 7.8 boric acid buffer. The separation was performed on a C18 column with methanol–water–buffer 55:35:10 (v/v) as mobile phase (buffer: 0.10 mol L−1 H3Cit–0.10 mol L−1 NaOH). Interference from the other concomitant amino acids was eliminated successfully by means of pH gradient elution. With
fluorescence detection at 494 and 504 nm for excitation and emission, respectively, the limits of detection (signal-to-noise
ratio = 3) were from 2.1 to 12.0 nmol L−1. The proposed method has been used to determine amino acid neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex of mice with cerebral
ischemia at the convalescence stage with satisfactory recoveries varying from 94.9 to 105.2%. 相似文献
13.
Determination of oxytetracycline and some impurities in plasma by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis using solid-phase extraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The potential of a non-aqueous, capillary electrophoresis (NACE) system for separating oxytetracycline from three of its impurities—tetracycline,
4-epioxytetracycline and 4-epitetracycline—using UV detection has been studied. The running buffer was: 25 mM sodium acetate,
1 mM EDTA, methanesulfonic acid, pH 4, dissolved in MeOH-ACN (50∶50,v/v). The method was also used to determine these compounds in pig plasma. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure as a clean-up
step has also developed. For this we tested Sep Pak C18, LiChrolut EN and OASIS cartridges. OASIS cartridges were best. Recoveries were 90–100% for all compounds except EOTC which
had a recovery of 74%. 相似文献
14.
Borges KB de Oliveira AR Barth T Jabor VA Pupo MT Bonato PS 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,399(2):915-925
The purpose of this study was the development and validation of an LC–MS–MS method for simultaneous analysis of ibuprofen
(IBP), 2-hydroxyibuprofen (2-OH-IBP) enantiomers, and carboxyibuprofen (COOH-IBP) stereoisomers in fungi culture medium, to
investigate the ability of some endophytic fungi to biotransform the chiral drug IBP into its metabolites. Resolution of IBP
and the stereoisomers of its main metabolites was achieved by use of a Chiralpak AS-H column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle
size), column temperature 8 °C, and the mobile phase hexane–isopropanol–trifluoroacetic acid (95: 5: 0.1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1. Post-column infusion with 10 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate in methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1 was performed to enhance MS detection (positive electrospray ionization). Liquid–liquid extraction was used for sample preparation
with hexane–ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) as extraction solvent. Linearity was obtained in the range 0.1–20 μg mL−1 for IBP, 0.05–7.5 μg mL−1 for each 2-OH-IBP enantiomer, and 0.025–5.0 μg mL−1 for each COOH-IBP stereoisomer (r ≥ 0.99). The coefficients of variation and relative errors obtained in precision and accuracy studies (within-day and between-day)
were below 15%. The stability studies showed that the samples were stable (p > 0.05) during freeze and thaw cycles, short-term exposure to room temperature, storage at −20 °C, and biotransformation
conditions. Among the six fungi studied, only the strains Nigrospora sphaerica (SS67) and Chaetomium globosum (VR10) biotransformed IBP enantioselectively, with greater formation of the metabolite (+)-(S)-2-OH-IBP. Formation of the COOH-IBP stereoisomers, which involves hydroxylation at C3 and further oxidation to form the
carboxyl group, was not observed. 相似文献
15.
Arizaga Rodríguez S Blanco González E Alvarez Llamas G Montes-Bayón M Sanz-Medel A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,383(3):390-397
Two methods for separation of transferrin (Tf) sialoforms, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) with conventional UV absorbance detection, have been investigated and compared. First, conditions affecting the separation
of the Tf isoforms by capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC were carefully optimized. The use of 15 mmol L−1 borate buffer (pH 8.4) containing 3 mmol L−1 diaminobutane (DAB) as additive enabled good separation of the Tf isoforms by CE (75 cm×50 μm i.d. fused silica capillary)
at 25 kV. In HPLC, a gradient of ammonium acetate (from 0 to 250 mmol L−1 in 45 min) buffered at pH 6 (Tris-HCl) proved suitable for separation of Tf isoforms on a Mono-Q HR 5/5 anion-exchange column.
On-line specific detection of the iron associated with the different Tf isoforms, after Fe saturation, by inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) was studied in detail to compare its analytical performance with UV detection. For both
CE and HPLC an octapole reaction system (ORS) ICP–MS instrument was used to minimize polyatomic interferences on the 56Fe major isotope. Limits of detection of the different isoforms were in the range of 0.02–0.04 μmol L−1 Tf for HPLC–ICP (ORS)–MS. This hybrid technique proved more selective and reliable detection of transferrin isoforms with
2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 sialic acid residues (S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6) in real serum samples. Interesting results from iron speciation of Tf in serum from healthy individuals and from pregnant
women are given. 相似文献
16.
Summary A simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoretic method with UV detection has been developed for determination of tosufloxacin
and trovafloxacin. The separation was performed in fused-silica capillaries (57 cm length × 75μm i.d.); the running buffer
was 35mm borate + 35mm phosphate buffer solution, pH 8.6, containing 6% (v/v) acetonitrile. The applied potential was 15 kV, the temperature 30°C, and detection was at 262 nm. Piromidic acid was used
as the internal standard. Response was linearly dependent on concentration in the range 1.0–120.0 μg mL−1 and the detection limit was 0.2 μg mL−1 for both compounds. The analysis was highly reproducible (RSD between 3.41 and 1.25%). The method was applied to the determination of tosufloxacin and trovafloxacin in human and rat urine.
The method was validated by using HPLC as a reference method. Recovery was between 96.8 and 102%. 相似文献
17.
P. Campíns-Falcó R. Herráez-Hernández J. Verdú-Andrés C. Cháfer-Pericás 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,394(2):557-565
This paper describes a cost-effective procedure for the analysis of short-chain aliphatic amines in water samples using a
solid-phase microextraction device. Analyte preconcentration and derivatisation were effected into a capillary column coated
with 95% polydimethylsiloxane–5% polydiphenylsiloxane, which was used as the injection loop of a Rheodyne injection valve.
The coating was previously loaded with the derivatisation reagent, 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate. A volume of 1 mL of samples
was then drawn into the capillary column, and the extracted analytes were left to react on the capillary coating for 5 min.
Next, the capillary column was cleaned by passing water. Finally, the injection valve was rotated, and the derivatives formed
were dynamically desorbed and transferred to the analytical column into the mobile phase. Methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine,
n-butylamine and n-pentylamine were selected as model compounds. Excellent sensitivity was achieved, being the limits of detection of 15–200 μg/L
when using UV detection and of 0.1–0.4 μg/L by fluorescence. 相似文献
18.
Determination of citalopram by capillary electrophoresis is described. Compounds were separated at 28 kV in 75 μm i.d. fused silica capillary tubing (total length 85 cm, effective length 65 cm) with 10 mM borate buffer, pH 8.5, containing 10% (v/v) methanol as running buffer. Citalopram and propylparaben (IS) appeared at 3.5 and 5.5 min, respectively. Repeatable linear results were obtained. The limits of detection and quantification were 5.73 × 10−6 and 1.72 × 10−5 M, respectively. When citalopram was determined in a pharmaceutical tablet by capillary electrophoresis and by a UV-spectrophotometric method differences between the results were not significant. The citalopram content of tablets was 100.8 ± 2.95% of the label claim. The amount found in serum was 26.7 ± 0.1% of the free drug, indicating that 73.3% of the drug was bound to protein. 相似文献
19.
Santi Tungprapa Tanarinthorn Puangparn Monchawan Weerasombut Ittipol Jangchud Porntiva Fakum Somsak Semongkhol Chidchanok Meechaisue Pitt Supaphol 《Cellulose (London, England)》2007,14(6):563-575
This paper reports an investigation of the effects of solvent system, solution concentration, and applied electrostatic field
strength (EFS) on the morphological appearance and/or size of as-spun cellulose acetate (CA) products. The single-solvent
systems were acetone, chloroform, N,N
-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), formic acid, and pyridine. The mixed-solvent systems were
acetone–DMAc, chloroform–MeOH, and DCM–MeOH. Chloroform, DMF, DCM, MeOH, formic acid, and pyridine were able to dissolve CA,
forming clear solutions (at 5% w/v), but electrospinning of these solutions produced mainly discrete beads. In contrast, electrospinning of the solution of
CA in acetone produced short and beaded fibers. At the same solution concentration of 5% (w/v) electrospinning of the CA solutions was improved by addition of MeOH to either chloroform or DCM. For all the solvent systems
investigated smooth fibers were obtained from 16% (w/v) CA solutions in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 (v/v) acetone–DMAc, 14–20% (w/v) CA solutions in 2:1 (v/v) acetone–DMAc, and 8–12% (w/v) CA solutions in 4:1 (v/v) DCM–MeOH. For the as-spun fibers from CA solutions in acetone–DMAc the average diameter ranged between 0.14 and 0.37 μm
whereas for the fibers from solutions in DCM–MeOH it ranged between 0.48 and 1.58 μm. After submersion in distilled water
for 24 h the as-spun CA fibers swelled appreciably (i.e. from 620 to 1110%) but the physical integrity of the fibrous structure
remained intact. 相似文献
20.
Danieli Cátia Ceni Laura Alegria Martins Andréa Garcia Pereira Pedro Eduardo Fr?ehlich Ana Maria Bergold 《Chromatographia》2009,69(Z2):189-194
A reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the assay of Fe(II) in ferrous
bisglycinate (Fe-bis-gly) capsules using 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol reagent. The analysis was carried out using a Gemini
RP-18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., particle size 5 μm) analytical column; the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile–water
(28:72 v/v) containing 1 mM tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate and 1% phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). The flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1 and the detection was achieved with a photodiode array (PDA) detector at 706 nm. The specificity of the method was proved
using stress conditions and evaluated using a PDA detector. The data validation showed that the method is specific, fast,
accurate, and reproducible for the determination of Fe-bis-gly in dosage form. The response was linear over a range of 1.0–2.6 μg mL−1 (r = 0.9999). The accuracy of the method ranged from 98.02 to 102.75%. The RSD values for intra- and inter-day precision studies
were below 1.3 and 1.1%, respectively. There was no interference of the excipients on the determination of the active pharmaceutical
ingredient. 相似文献