无人机三维实时航迹规划

无人机航迹规划是无人机任务规划中最重要也是最复杂的环节,由于基本粒子群算法后期收敛速度慢和陷入局部最优解,将双种群粒子群算法用于无人机航迹规划中。双种群粒子群算法设置两个搜索方向相反的主、辅种群协同进化,以此来扩大搜索范围,跳出局部最优解。针对战场上可能出现的突发威胁,采用双种群粒子群算法对整体规划航迹进行了局部修改,以此来满足实时性的要求。通过仿真验证了算法的有效性,并满足了实时性的要求。     

基于改进蚁群算法的无人机动态航路规划

研究无人机航路规划,针对基本蚁群算法易于陷入局部最优、规划航路耗时长的问题,对基本蚁群算法进行了改进;引入航路点的动态自适应选择策略和信息素挥发因子动态自适应调整准则,有效克服了基本蚁群算法的不足,并对规划出的航路进行了平滑处理,使其更加满足无人机实际飞行需求。通过仿真分别规划出无人机在静态威胁和动态威胁中的航迹,仿真结果表明,与基本蚁群算法和遗传算法相比,改进的蚁群算法在两种飞行环境中均能规划出较优的航路。     

无人机智能电磁攻防技术

无人机在枯燥任务领域、恶劣环境任务领域和危险任务领域发挥巨大作用,由于其具有低成本、零伤亡、低费效比等特性,在现代战争中屡立战功。未来战争是智能化、信息化战争,人工智能在给无人机带来巨大变革的同时,系统运行的可靠性、安全性也越来越依赖于复杂电磁环境下信息的稳定传输与掌控。无人机在恶劣电磁环境下的生存能力、适应能力,乃至电磁制衡能力一定程度上引领信息化装备电磁攻防的发展趋势。综述无人机的电磁环境效应与电磁防护技术,阐述信息层面与能量层面的无人机电磁反制与电磁防护方法,以期从智能化角度实现无人机电磁攻防。     

基于遗传算法的输电线路无人机巡检路径规划

针对无人机有效、安全巡检输电线路的路径问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的输电线路无人机巡检路径规划方法,采用极坐标编码方式对无人机巡检路径构造染色体。结合实际情况中的无人机巡检各种约束问题,设计了适合于无人机巡检路径规划的遗传算子。实验结果证明算法能综合考虑各种因素,提高了全局寻优能力,是解决实际输电线路无人机巡检路径规划问题的较好办法。     

一种人-自动化系统协作的无人机航迹规划方法

为解决无人机航迹规划中考虑“人在闭环”控制需求、结合人机综合优势以进一步提高规划能力的问题,提出了一种人-自动化系统协作的航迹规划方法;该方法利用操控员选取人工引导路径点,以起始点、人工引导路径点和目标点为根节点形成多树扩展;引入Dubins曲线应用于随机树扩展和寻找最近子节点过程,改善航迹平滑性;仿真实验结果表明,该方法在自动化系统局部自主能力的基础上引入人的智能,规划效率和可靠性得到了提高,可用于无人机航迹规划实践。     

无人机通用指控平台设计与实现

现有不同型号无人机的数据协议格式差别较大,无人机指挥控制系统与无人机紧密耦合,针对不同机种要开发不同的指控系统,系统的通用性较差,开发、培训成本高,且无法满足未来多无人机协同作业的任务需求。因此,设计开发一套具有较高通用性的无人机指控系统,通过对异构的无人机测控数据进行通用化处理,形成具有较强可扩展性的无人机标准数据协议,用以消除不同无人机与指控系统之间的差异性,同时最大限度的保证指控平台的可扩展能力。     

基于GPS、磁罗盘与大气数据计算机的无人机风估计

针对无人机实时航路规划及适应环境变化的自主能力发展需求,提出了一种新的风估计与空速校准的方法;该方法基于GPS接收机、大气计算机和磁罗盘等传感器实现;针对定常风模型,风速、风向能够利用地速、风速和空速之间的速度矢量三角形关系计算得到;采用无导扩展卡尔曼滤波(DEKF),估计风场信息以及真空速的比例校准系数;利用某型无人机数字仿真平台,在2D定常风条件下进行了全过程自主飞行仿真;仿真结果表明:该方法在航路跟随的直线段、转弯段均能准确估计。     

基于Web墨卡托投影的导航电子地图设计

针对目前无人机地面测控站导航模块的局限,提出了基于Web墨卡托投影原理的导航电子地图的设计方案,使用ImageStone类库简化了电子地图的制作,并实现了电子地图的绘制、平移及缩放功能;在此基础上完成了航迹规划、实际飞行航线的实时显示以及航线保存等功能,大大提高了地面站的导航地图与导航信息融合显示的实时性;经过无人机仿真系统的测试,验证了方案设计的合理性和可行性,该导航电子地图能够高效、准确地完成各项导航任务。     

某型无人机碳纤维复合材料翼梁安全寿命预估

提出了一种无人机机翼碳纤维复合材料翼梁安全寿命预估的方法;首先进行了某型无人机静平衡飞行时的有限元分析,获得了碳纤维复合材料机翼的应力分布及应力集中区域;基于地面数据终端的遥测帧数据提取无人机基本飞行参数,在合理假设基础上推导了无人机机体迎角、侧滑角计算公式,再利用动力学方程反演无人机在机动载荷下的重心过载谱,进而结合机翼编制了机翼在各飞行剖面下的应力谱;然后,设计了机翼翼梁碳纤维复合材料试样,开展了试样的静力试验与疲劳试验,拟合得到了机翼翼梁碳纤维复合材料的S-N曲线;最后,基于Miner线性损伤累积原理,完成了某型无人机机翼翼梁的安全寿命评估;文章方法基于无人机地面数据终端的遥测帧数据进行翼梁应力谱编制,简单便捷,特别适用于中小型无人机装备过载谱的获取。     

无人机多阶段航迹预测协同任务规划

针对多无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAVs)协同控制问题,提出了一种UAVs多阶段航迹预测分布式任务规划方法。定义从一次任务分配开始到其中一项任务完成为一个任务周期。在每个规划周期,首先,各UAV使用A*算法快速预测到所有任务目标的路径,提供至任务分配;然后,采用聚类算法修改目标价值向量,协商分配结果,并实时计算探测范围内的最短路径;最后,采用三次B样条曲线平滑所分配的最短路径,在线规划出满足飞行约束的飞行航迹。通过仿真实验对算法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明,提出的算法能够实时获得近似最优的任务分配结果并规划出可飞行航迹,并有效处理突发任务。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.