尿酸质子转移反应的理论研究I——分子内质子转移研究

使用量子化学中的Hartree-Fock方法和密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法，分别在3－21G^*和6－31G（d)水平上，计算了尿酸分子从三羰基异构体向三羟基异构体的转化。结果表明，转化过程经历了单羟基和双羟基异构体2种中间物和3种过渡态时的分子内质子转移（IPT），转移中的H原邻近的N，O和C原子形成了具有四元环结构的过渡态。随着IPT的进行，N－H键逐渐被削弱和断裂，O－H键则逐渐生成。3个反应的活化能分别为190.3kJ/mol,181.4kJ/mol和249.9kJ/mol(B3LYP/6-31G(d))。较高的活化能表明在室温下，无催化剂的IPT难以进行。     

n‐Butane Monomolecular Cracking on Acidic Zeolites: A Density Functional Study

采用5T簇模型,利用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下研究正丁烷在酸性分子筛上的单分子催化裂解反应。本文重点详细研究了正丁烷在分子筛表面不同C位的脱氢反应。在B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下计算所得第一和第二位C-C键裂解的活化能垒分别为 238、217 kJ/mol。而第一第二序位脱氢反应能垒分别为296、242 kJ/mol。正丁烷不同序位脱氢反应的活化能垒相差54 kJ/mol。从计算结果可以看出,正丁烷在分子筛上催化裂解脱氢反应优先发生在第二位C原子上。此外,本文还讨论了簇模型结构与酸性的关系,结果显示改变封端Si-H键的键长的方法可以用来模拟分子筛酸性变化。最后研究了分子筛酸性变化与正丁烷催化裂解反应能垒的关系。     

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)热分解机理的对称破缺密度泛函理论研究

共价键均裂在含能分子的热分解过程中普遍存在,因此极为重要.然而,以往的理论研究通常用键能(ΔH,BDE)估算均裂能垒,因忽略了熵效应,必然造成较大误差.采用对称破缺密度泛函方法(BS-UB3LYP/6-311+G**),对含能分子3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)的热分解机理进行了系统研究和梳理,计算了共价键均裂的过渡态及能垒.结果表明,C—NO₂键均裂和随后的自由基复合是最优途径,能垒为216.9 k J?mol^-1 (523 K).随后产生的NO自由基通过多次“复合-均裂”过程促进三唑中间体开环,分解为HNCO,N₂O和CO等小分子,它们相互反应又生成NO₂,N₂和CO₂.这些分解产物与诸多实验观测结果一致.     

X-H (X = C, N, O, Si, P, S) 键离解能计算的密度泛函方法研究

使用了不同密度泛函方法计算X-H (X = C, N, O, Si, P, S) 键离解能，并分析不同密度泛函方法的计算精度。研究发现大多数密度泛函方法包括B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, G96LYP, PBE1PBE，和BH&HLYP都明显低估键离解能13-25 kJ/mol。该现象与是否使用无限基组无关，因为即使使用无限基组键离解能仍然被低估。因此密度泛函方法不适合用于键离解能的估算。其中B3P86方法的偏差最小。进一步分析表明，使用限制性开壳层计算并无任何优势，在大多数情况下非限制性开壳层计算实际上比限制性开壳层计算要好。最后，我们发现了密度泛函方法对键离解能的低估是系统的，因此建议利用校准后的UDFT/6-311++G(d, p)方法计算化学键离解能。     

Si~2Cl~6分子的内旋转能垒和振动基频的理论研究

用从头算方法HF/6-31G^*^*和密度函方法B3LYP/6-31G^*^*,对Si~2Cl~6分子的平衡几何构型进行优化,优化的结果与实验结果吻合得较好.并用上述两种不同的方法计算Si~2Cl~6分子的内旋转能垒,结果分别为8.786和6.694kJ/mol,其中DFT方法的计算结果与实验结果4.18kJ/mol吻合得较好.对Si~2Cl~6分子的振动基频进行计算.用HF/6-31G^*^*SQM力场所计算的频率理论值与实验值的平均误差为7.3cm^-^1,用B3LYP/6-31G^*^*未标度的力场所计算的频率理论值与实验值的平均误差为6.0cm^-^1.该密度泛函方法(B3LYP/~6-31G^*^*)的理论计算值比用HF/6-31G^*^*标度后的SQM力场计算的频率与实验值(除Si--Si键扭转振动基频之外的11条振动基频)吻合得更好.并给出了Si--Si键扭转振动基频的预测值。     

Si~2Cl~6分子的内旋转能垒和振动基频的理论研究

用从头算方法HF/6-31G^*^*和密度函方法B3LYP/6-31G^*^*,对Si~2Cl~6分子的平衡几何构型进行优化,优化的结果与实验结果吻合得较好.并用上述两种不同的方法计算Si~2Cl~6分子的内旋转能垒,结果分别为8.786和6.694kJ/mol,其中DFT方法的计算结果与实验结果4.18kJ/mol吻合得较好.对Si~2Cl~6分子的振动基频进行计算.用HF/6-31G^*^*SQM力场所计算的频率理论值与实验值的平均误差为7.3cm^-^1,用B3LYP/6-31G^*^*未标度的力场所计算的频率理论值与实验值的平均误差为6.0cm^-^1.该密度泛函方法(B3LYP/~6-31G^*^*)的理论计算值比用HF/6-31G^*^*标度后的SQM力场计算的频率与实验值(除Si--Si键扭转振动基频之外的11条振动基频)吻合得更好.并给出了Si--Si键扭转振动基频的预测值。     

Al6(OH)18(H2O)6的结构及成键方位的从头算及密度泛函分析Ⅱ

用RHF法6-31G、6-31G*、6-31G**水平的量子化学从头算及RB3LYP/6-31G、B3LYP/6-31G*,B3LYP/6-31G**水平的密度泛函方法,采用SCRF=Dipole溶剂模型,计算了三水铝石有利生长基元最优结构Al6(OH)18(H2O)6的总能量、布居数、原子静电荷等.计算结果表明,桥联OH基团更易成键,Al6(OH)18(H2O)6较为有利的成键方位是桥联OH基团方位.     

环境污染物中碳氯键离解能的理论研究

利用六种密度泛函理论方法（B3LYP, B3P86, MPW1K, TPSS1KCIS, X3LYP, BMK）对碳氯键离解能进行理论计算,结果发现几种新发展的密度泛函(DFT)方法用于碳氯键离解能的计算比传统的B3LYP有较大的改善,其中对能量估算相对准确的B3P86方法对碳氯键离解能的计算精度最高,对17个分子中碳氯键离解能计算的平均绝对偏差为6.58 kJ/mol。最后运用B3P86方法对一系列环境危害较大,但可通过光化学降解和生物降解的氯代有机物的碳氯键离解能值进行预测,并讨论了影响碳氯键离解能的结构性质关系。     

苯并氧化呋咱稳定性和异构化的DFT和ab initio研究

运用B3LYP/6-31G(d)密度泛函理论（DFT）方法对苯并氧化呋咱、邻二亚硝基苯及其间的异构化反应进行了计算研究。结果表明,苯并氧化呋咱的分子总能量比邻二亚硝基苯的低;由苯并氧化呋咱异构为邻二亚硝基苯的正向反应活化能（Ea+=51.0kJ/mol）,与文献实测值（58.6kJ/mol）较接近,而其逆向反应活化能（Ea-=4.6kJ/mol）很小,从而揭示了苯并氧化呋咱比邻二亚硝基苯更稳定·此外,进行了HF/3-21G、HF/6-31G(d)和MP2/6-31G(d)//6-31G(d)水平下相应的计算,发现B3LYP-DFT的结果较abinitio为优。谐振动频率的B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算还支持了邻二亚硝基苯为苯并氧化呋咱“自-自”互变重排反应的中间体。     

平面五元水分子簇的量子化学研究

选用Gaussian03的B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)、DMol3的BLYP/DNP和deMon的BLYP/TZVP等方法计算了甲烷水合物(结构-1)中平面五元水分子簇的结合能和氢键能,作了基组重叠误差(BSSE)和色散能(dispersion)的修正,估算了次级相互作用的贡献.在DMol3程序中使用了大型数值基组DNP,将基组重叠误差降至最低.在Gaussi-an03的B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)计算中,采用平衡法(Counterpoise)校正基组重叠误差.两种计算方法给出了一致的结果,证实了在使用6-31G(d,p)基组时,一对水分子在平衡距离的基组重叠误差高达8 kJ/mol.为估算色散能的贡献,使用了新近发展的包含色散能的密度泛函的DFT程序deMon计算了五元水分子簇.用多种方法计算出了经基组重叠误差和色散能修正的五元水分子簇的分子间结合能和氢键能的较为精确的势能超曲面,为甲烷和其他气体水合物的分子动力学模拟提供了依据.     

S-亚硝基-N-乙酰基-D,L-青霉胺二肽分子中S-NO键断裂能的测定

利用滴定量热技术并结合适当的热力学循环测定了乙腈溶液中7个S-亚硝基-N-乙酰基-D,L-青霉胺二肽化合物中S—NO键的异裂能和均裂能, 其能量范围分别为234.5—246.2 kJ/mol和101.6—122.1 kJ/mol. 结果表明, 所研究的亚硝基硫醇化合物更容易通过S—NO键的均裂释放NO自由基(NO·). 通过热力学循环对7个亚硝基硫醇化合物自由基负离子中S—NO键的异裂能和均裂能进行估算, 能量范围分别为19.2—35.5 kJ/mol和-4.2—22.6 kJ/mol, 表明这些自由基负离子在室温下不稳定, 容易通过S—NO键的异裂释放出NO-.     

1, 4-Pyrone Effects on O-H Bond Dissociation Energies of Catechols in Flavonoids: A Density Functional Theory Study

In recent years, there has been growing interest in selecting efficient antioxidants with low toxicity to reduce the damage of free radicals. Among these antioxidants, flavonoids have been paid much attention, owing to their excellent antioxidative and pharmacological activities1. Up to now, many efforts have been given to summarize the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for flavonoids. It has been widely accepted that two structural factors are critical for flavonoids to enhance the…     

G3B3和CBS-QB3在化学键裂解能计算中的相关研究

The performance of the newly developed G3B3 and CBS-QB3 methods in calculating absolute bond dissociation energy (BDE) was assessed. It was found that these two methods could predict the BDE with an accuracy of about 8.4 kJ/mol and therefore, they exlfibited similar performance as the standard G3 and CBS-Q methods. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the B3LYP method significantly underestimated the absolute BDE by 16.7—20.9 kJ/mol. This finding was valuable and timely because many researchers could use this relatively cheap method in studying radical reactions. Finally, 38 compounds were showed for which the theoretical BDE seriously deviated from the experimental data.     

N-亚硝基吲哚系列化合物及其自由基负离子在乙腈介质中N-NO键断裂能的测定

利用滴定量热技术并结合适当的热力学循环测定了乙腈溶液中7个取代的N-亚硝基吲哚化合物中N—NO键的异裂能和均裂能, 能量范围分别为206.1~246.2 kJ/mol和119.1~124.6 kJ/mol. 表明N-亚硝基吲哚均裂释放NO自由基(NO·)比异裂释放NO正离子(NO+)要容易得多, 通过热力学循环得到的相应自由基负离子中N—NO键的异裂能和均裂能的能量范围分别为25.5~34.4和5.0~40.5 kJ/mol, 表明所研究化合物的自由基负离子在室温下很不稳定.     

Theoretical Studies on the Reaction Mechanism of 1-Chloroethane with Hydroxyl Radical

The reaction mechanism of 1-chloroethane with hydroxyl radical has been inves- tigated by using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) method. All bond dissociation enthalpies were computed at the same theoretical level. It was found that hydrogen abstraction pathway is the most favorable. There are two hydrogen abstraction pathways with activation barriers of 0.630 and 4.988 kJ/mol, respectively, while chlorine abstraction pathway was not found. It was observed that activation energies have a more reasonable correlation with the reaction enthalpy changes (△Hr) than with bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE).     

Theoretical Study of the N-NO2 Bond Dissociation Energies for Energetic Materials with Density Functional Theory

The N-NO2 bond dissociation energies （BDEs） for 7 energetic materials were computed by means of accurate density functional theory （B3LYP, B3PW91 and B3P86） with 6-31G＊＊ and 6-311G＊＊ basis sets. By comparing the computed energies and experimental results, we find that the B3P86/6-311G＊＊ method can give good results of BDE, which has the mean absolute deviation of 1.30kcal/mol. In addition, substituent effects were also taken into account. It is noted that the Hammett constants of substituent groups are related to the BDEs of the N-NO2 bond and the bond dissociation energies of the energetic materials studied decrease when increasing the number of NO2 group.     

Factors influencing the C?ON bond strength of the alkoxyamines in the styrene–acrylonitrile–TEMPO copolymerization system

Homolytic bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the (C? ON) bond for several N‐alkoxyamines derived from 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and the corresponding (C? H) bonds were determined from quantum‐mechanical calculations including the B3‐LYP6‐31G(d), B3‐LYP/6‐311++G(2df,p), UB3‐LYP/6‐311+G(3df,2p), and integrated IMOMO (G3:ROMP2/6‐31G(d)) method. The investigated N‐alkoxyamines were considered as models for dormant forms of propagating chains in the radical copolymerization process of styrene with acrylonitrile in the presence of TEMPO according to the terminal and penultimate model. The substituent effect on BDE was investigated. Radical stabilization energies (RSE) for radicals created from homolysis of the investigated N‐alkoxyamines were calculated according to Rüchardt's method. Polar, steric, and stabilization effects on C? ON alkoxyamine bond homolysis were studied. A dramatically weakened C? ON bond in the alkoxyamine‐containing two consecutive styrene units in the propagating chain was ascribed to geometric parameters characterizing energetically unfavorable conformation of the substituents. These phenomena can be regarded as the penultimate effect in the radical living/controlled copolymerization system of styrene with acrylonitrile. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1165–1177, 2008     

Potential reaction initiation points of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Reaction initiation points of the 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been determined by calculating all the different C-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) values. Six density functional theory methods (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3, B97D3, M06-LD3, M06-2X-D3, and ωB97X-D) in combination with 4 basis sets (6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), def2-TZVP) have been applied and the most feasible combination has been selected. The BDE values and the corresponding bond lengths have been used to determine potential attack points on the structures. The studied molecules have been categorized structurally as well, within which the position of the hydrogen atoms is considered. Results show that most of the hydrogens are in zig-zag positions, and the BDE and bond length values for the 16 priority PAHs are in a range between 342.0 and 485.6 kJ/mol and 1.0817–1.952 Å, respectively. Most of the initiation points are represented by armchair and peak hydrogens. The lowest and highest BDE and shortest and longest bond length values belong to fluorene and acenaphthylene where the hydrogens were aliphatic and in peak position, respectively.     

Diffusion Monte Carlo Study of Bond Dissociation Energies for BH2, B(OH)2, BCl2, and BCl

On basis of bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for BH₂, B(OH)₂, BCl₂, and BCl, the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method is applied to explore the BDEs of HB-H, HOB-OH, ClB-Cl, and B-Cl. The effect of the choice of orbitals, as well as the backflow transformation, is studied. The Slater-Jastrow DMC algorithm gives BDEs of 359.1±0.12 kJ/mol for HB?H, 410.5±0.50 kJ/mol for HOB-OH, 357.8±1.46 kJ/mol for ClB-Cl, and 504.5±0.96 kJ/mol for B-Cl using B3PW91 orbitals and similar BDEs when B3LYP orbitals are used. DMC with backflow corrections (BF-DMC) gives a HB-H BDE of 369.9±0.12 kJ/mol which is close to one of the available experimental value (375.8 kJ/mol). In the case of HOB-OH BDE, the BF-DMC calculation is 446.0±1.84 kJ/mol that is closer to the experimental BDE. The BF-DMC BDE for ClB-Cl is 343.2±2.34 kJ/mol and the BF-DMC B-Cl BDE is 523.3±0.33 kJ/mol, which are close to the experimental BDEs, 341.9 and 530.0 kJ/mol, respectively.