对映体识别——不对称合成中的新概念

对映体识别指的是同种构成的对映体之间的相互作用。这种现象广泛存在于固相、液相中。本文讨论了对映体识别对于溶液的物理、化学性质的影响，以及它在对映体拆分、纯度测定等方面的应用，并介绍了由它引起的手性放大这一不对称合成中的新发现     

烯烃不对称氢氰化的研究进展

综述了近十五年来烯烃的不对称氢氰化反应的研究进展。主要介绍了烯烃不对称氢氰化反应的应用、催化剂配体、影响对映体选择性的因素及反应机理。参考文献19篇。     

催化不对称反应新进展—不对称活化

介绍了催化不对称催化反应中的一个新概念一不对称活化(asymmetric activation)及其研究的最新进展。运用不对称活化策略,一个光学活性的或者甚至外消旋的催化剂可以被另一种手性活化剂(chiral activator)选择性地活化,从而催化反应生成非外消旋产物。该方法较不对称去活化(asymmetric deactivation)方法的优点是被活化的催化剂能够产生较使用光学纯催化剂更高对映体过量的产物。     

手性磷酸催化的有机催化不对称反应

手性磷酸是近年来发展起来的一类新型高效、高对映选择性的Brønsted酸类有机催化剂, 已成功应用于催化不对称Mannich反应、还原胺化反应、Pictet-Spengler反应、aza-Diels-Alder反应和aza-Ene反应等许多重要的有机合成反应. 手性磷酸催化剂分子内同时含有Lewis碱性位点和Brønsted酸性位点, 可同时活化亲电与亲核底物. 作为一种新型双功能有机催化剂, 手性磷酸具有较高的催化活性和对映选择性, 催化剂最低用量可达0.05 mol%. 对各类手性磷酸催化剂在有机催化不对称合成反应中的应用研究进展, 以及不对称诱导反应的机理、手性磷酸的分子结构及反应条件对其催化活性和不对称诱导活性的影响进行了评述.     

不对称催化:科学与机遇

20 0 1年 1 2月 2 5日 ,日本名古屋大学教授、2 0 0 1年诺贝尔化学奖得主野依良治 (ＮｏｙｏｒｉＲｙｏｊｉ)博士应邀来沪接受中国科学院上海有机化学研究所名誉教授证书 ,并在上海科学会堂作了题为“不对称催化 :科学与机遇”的报告。征得报告人的同意 ,由林国强院士、陈耀全教授将报告录音整理翻译 ,并将其主要内容在本刊发表 ,以飨读者。大家知道 ,当分子中存在不对称中心时 ,分子就存在对映异构体 ,这种现象称为“分子手性”。当把具有对映异构体的化合物用作药物时 ,它们可能表现出极不相同的生物或生理现象。二十世纪 60年代 ,有一种…     

手性催化剂与不对称反应

不对称催化合成是有机合成中越来越重要的一个分支。本文综述了几类不对称反应的进展。其中包括氢化、环氧化、环丙烷化、烯丙基烷基化、Diels—Alder反应等。并讨论了其中某些反应的机理以及催化剂结构与性能的关系。     

烯烃的有机催化不对称环氧化反应

介绍了用手性酮，手性亚胺盐为催化剂以及手性胺为催化剂前体的新型有机催化不对称环氧化反应。     

含氮给体的手性膦配体及其对不对称催化的研究进展

本文就近年来所出现的含氮给体的手性膦配体及其不对称催化反应的研究进展进行了较为详细的评述。     

不对称自催化反应

不对称自催化反应是指由不对称反应生成的手性产物自身作为催化剂的反应过程。不对称自催化具有手性自动放大、反应活性较高、产物处理较易、反应体系连续等特点,是不对称化学的一个新的领域。不对称自催化反应结合手性放大作用,使人们对手性起源有了新的认识。自1990年代以来该方面的探索和研究取得令人注目的重大突破。本文综述了近年来不对称自催化反应的新进展。     

对映选择催化 Diels-Alder 反应

本文综述了对映选择催化 Diels-Alder 反应的进展。     

Enantiomeric separation of glycidyl tosylate by CE: Application to the study of catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol

A CE method using CDs as chiral selectors was developed and validated to achieve the separation of glycidyl tosylate enantiomers originated by in situ derivatization of glycidol enantiomers obtained in asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol with chiral titanium‐tartrate complexes as catalysts. The effects of the nature, pH and concentration of the buffer, the nature and concentration of chiral selector, the addition of SDS, methanol, ethanol or 2‐propanol, the capillary temperature, the effective capillary length and the applied voltage on the chiral resolution of glycidyl tosylate enantiomers were investigated. The best separation conditions were achieved using a Tris‐borate buffer mixture (50 and 25 mM, respectively) at pH=9.3 with a dual CD system consisting of 2.5% succinyl‐β‐CD and 1.0% β‐CD w/v at 15°C. A baseline separation (resolution～2.0) of the glycidyl tosylate enantiomers was obtained in a relatively short time (less than 12 min). Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of linearity (r>0.99) and intermediate precision (RSD below 8.5%). The LOD and LOQ were 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L, respectively, and the recoveries ranged from 99.8 to 108.8%. Finally, the method was applied to the determination of the enantiomeric excess and the yield obtained in the asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol employing chiral titanium‐tartrate complexes as catalysts after an in situ derivatization of glycidol enantiomers to glycidyl tosylate.     

手性金属络合物催化不对称Baeyer-Villiger反应

Baeyer-Villiger反应是有机化学基本反应之一,但是催化不对称Baeyer-Villiger反应的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文按手性配体的不同,评述了手性金属络合物催化不对称Baeyer-Villiger反应的研究,特别是由外消旋或前手性酮制备光学活性内酯的研究进展。     

Synthesis of Chiral Pyridylphenols for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes

Chiral 8‐substituted 2‐(8,10,10‐trimethyl‐6‐aza‐tricyclo[7.1.1.0^2,7]undeca‐2(7),3,5‐trien‐5‐yl)‐phenols were prepared from a high enantiopurity (>97% ee) of (1R)‐(+)‐α‐pinene, and assessed in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to substituted benzaldehydes, giving the (S)‐alcohols with enantiomeric excess ranging from 33% to 89%. Interestingly, in all cases, except for those of ortho‐chlorobenzaldehyde, ortho‐ and para‐methoxybenzaldehydes, the ee was >71%. The plot of the Hammett substitution constants vs. enantiomeric excess of the diethylzinc addition to either the ortho‐ or para‐substituted benzaldehydes shows a linear correlation.     

光学活性四面体过渡金属簇合物的诱导合成

报导了用手性季铵盐诱导合成SFeCoMo等手性四面体过渡金属簇合物的新方法。发现,苄基辛可宁对四面体簇合成有手性诱导作用;在不同溶剂中,手性簇产物的绝对构型不同,而且含钌簇的含光度比含铁簇的旋光度小。     

不对称Reformatsky反应

综述了６０年代至今不对称诱导和不对称催化Ｒｅｆｏｒｍａｔｓｋｙ拔应的研究，进展参考文献１９篇。     

Self‐Replication and Amplification of Enantiomeric Excess of Chiral Multifunctionalized Large Molecules by Asymmetric Autocatalysis

Self‐replication of large chiral molecular architectures is one of the great challenges and interests in synthetic, systems, and prebiotic chemistry. Described herein is a new chemical system in which large chiral multifunctionalized molecules possess asymmetric autocatalytic self‐replicating and self‐improving abilities, that is, improvement of their enantioenrichment in addition to the diastereomeric ratio. The large chiral multifunctionalized molecules catalyze the production of themselves with the same structure, including the chirality of newly formed asymmetric carbon atoms, in the reaction of the corresponding achiral aldehydes and reagent. The chirality of the large multifunctionalized molecules controlled the enantioselectivity of the reaction in a highly selective manner to construct multiple asymmetric stereogenic centers in a single reaction.     

手性高分子金属络合物在不对称催化中的应用

综述了手性高分子金属络合物（人工合成）在不对称催化中的应用及最新进展,参考文献５３篇。     

Chiral Diamine-catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction

A highly efficient catalytic system composed of a simple and commercially available chiral primary diamine (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine(6) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was employed for asymmetric Aldol reaction in em-PrOH at room temperature. A loading of 10%(molar fraction) catalyst 6 with TFA as a cocatalyst could catalyze the Aldol reactions of various ketones or aldehydes with a series of aromatic aldehydes, furnishing Aldol pro- ducts in moderate to high yields(up to >99%) with enantioselectivities of up to >99% and diastereoselectivities of up to 99:1.     

Amplification of chirality as a pathway to biological homochirality

Amplification of enantiomeric enrichment is a key feature for the chemical evolution of biological homochirality from the origin of chirality. The aggregations of the enantiomers by diastereomeric interactions enable the modification of their enantiomeric excess during some chemical processes. Fluorine-containing chiral compounds possess large amplification effect via distillation, sublimation and achiral chromatography by self-disproportionation. Asymmetric amplifications in enantioselective catalysis occur by the differential formation and reactivity between homochiral and heterochiral aggregate in solution.We described the amplification of ee in asymmetric autocatalysis of 5-pyrimidyl alkanol in the reaction between diisopropylzinc and pyrimidine-5-carbaldehdye. During the reactions extremely low ee (ca. 0.00005% ee) can be amplified to achieve more than 99.5% ee. Since the proposed origins of chirality such as CPL, quartz, chiral organic crystals of achiral compounds and statistical fluctuation of ee can initiate the asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of ee, the proposed origin of chirality can be linked with enantiopure organic compound in conjunction with amplification of ee by asymmetric autocatalysis. In addition, we described that the carbon isotopically chiral compound triggers the asymmetric autocatalysis of 5-pyrimiodyl alkanol to afford the enantioenriched product with the absolute configuration correlated with that of carbon isotope chirality, that is, isotope chirality including hydrogen isotopes can control the enantioselectivity of asymmetric addition of alkyl metal reagent to aldehyde.