双酰胺类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

为了寻找高活性农药先导化合物,以甲霜灵为先导,通过活性基团拼接原理,设计合成了一系列未见文献报道的双酰胺类化合物,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS表征.初步的生物活性测试结果表明:在50 mg/L测试浓度下,化合物5j对黄瓜霜霉病显示出85%的抑制率;在500 mg/L剂量下,多数目标化合物对粘虫表现出较好的杀虫活性,其中化合物5b,5f,5g,5h,5i,5l对粘虫的致死率高达100%,在250 mg/L测试浓度下,化合物5f,5h,51对粘虫的致死率为50%.     

2-氰基苯基磺酰脲衍生物的设计、合成及生物活性研究

利用药效团拼接和生物电子等排的原理,以氯磺隆和三氟甲磺隆为先导,设计并合成了15个未见文献报道的2-氰基苯基磺酰脲衍生物,通过1H NMR, 13C NMR和HRMS对目标化合物进行结构表征.初步生物活性测试结果表明,部分目标化合物离体抑菌活性和杀虫活性显著.在50 mg·L~(-1)测试剂量下, 5c, 5f和5g对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率分别为80.3%, 80.3%和83.6%. 5j对东方粘虫在5 mg·L~(-1)测试浓度下的杀虫率可达50%. 5a和5b在0.1 mg·L~(-1)处理浓度下,对尖音库蚊幼虫的杀死率分别为100%和50%,优于对照样氟虫酰胺(20%);当测试浓度为0.01 mg·L~(-1)时, 5a对蚊幼虫仍具有70%的致死率, LC_(50)=0.0023 mg·L~(-1).     

新型含1,2,4-三唑环结构的吡唑肟醚化合物的合成及其生物活性

利用活性亚结构拼接原理,设计制备了18个未见文献报道的新型含1,2,4-三唑环结构单元的吡唑肟醚衍生物.通过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和元素分析等手段确认了其结构.初步的生物活性测试结果表明,部分目标化合物对粘虫、蚜虫和朱砂叶螨表现出良好的杀灭效果.在测试浓度为500μg/m L时,目标化合物对粘虫的致死率在90%～100%,与对照药阿维菌素的杀虫效果相近,其中有4个化合物对蚜虫的致死率均为100%,与对照药吡虫啉的防效相当;1-甲基-3-甲基-5-(3,5-二氟苯氧基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醛-O-[4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲基]肟(8p)对朱砂叶螨的致死率为100%,与对照药唑螨酯的防效相当.当测试浓度降为100μg/m L时, 5个化合物对粘虫的致死率在90%～100%, 3个化合物对蚜虫的致死率在80%～100%;化合物8p对朱砂叶螨的致死率为80%.当测试浓度降至20μg/m L时, 2个化合物对粘虫的致死率分别为75%和70%.另外,部分化合物对人肝癌(SMMC-7721)细胞显示出一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

含吡唑杂环二酰胺类化合物的合成与杀虫活性研究

通过活性亚结构拼接,合成16个含吡唑杂环的新型二酰胺类化合物,其结构通过了IR,1H NMR和HRMS的表征,其中目标化合物3h的结构经X单晶衍射进一步确认.初步生测结果表明在500 mg/L浓度下,部分化合物对粘虫和苜蓿蚜有致死活性;在100 mg/L浓度下部分化合物对茶尺蠖幼虫具有致死活性,其中毒症状表现为拒食.     

N-叔丁基-N'-氟代苯甲酰基-取代吡啶甲酰肼衍生物的合成与杀虫活性研究

为改进双酰肼类杀虫剂的性能,将氟代苯基和吡啶环同时引入双酰肼的基本结构中,设计合成了20个新型的N-叔丁基-N'-氟代苯甲酰基-取代吡啶甲酰肼衍生物,经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、IR和HRMS确证了分子结构.生物活性测试表明,在浓度为500 mg/L时,大部分化合物对粘虫(Mythimna separata)的致死率都达到80%以上.其中N-叔丁基-N'-(2,6-二氟苯甲酰基)-2-氯烟酰肼(6bb)和N-叔丁基-N'-(2,6-二氟苯甲酰基)-2,5-二氯烟酰肼(6gb)在浓度为10 mg/L时对粘虫的致死率分别为100%和80%.化合物6bb对东方粘虫的半致死浓度(LC_(50)值)为8.77 mg/L,对东方粘虫的毒力约为虫酰肼的0.51倍,对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的毒力为虫酰肼的1.5倍.     

3-芳基异噁唑啉-吡唑-5-甲酰胺类化合物的合成及杀虫活性研究

以5,5-二甲氧基-2,4-二氧代戊酸乙酯为原料,设计合成了一系列含芳基异噁唑啉结构的吡唑-5-甲酰胺类化合物,产物结构经~1HNMR, ~(13)CNMR和HRMS确认.初步杀虫活性测试表明,多数化合物在500mg/L浓度下对粘虫(Mythimna separate)有着较高的活性(致死率≥80%),在100 mg/L的浓度下,有三种化合物对粘虫仍有中等程度的活性(致死率≥60%).在500 mg/L时,有四种化合物对苜蓿蚜(Aphis craccivora)也有较好的活性(致死率≥80%).因此,对该类化合物的结构优化可作为寻求新型杀虫剂而进行深入研究.     

新型含异噁唑单元的吡唑酰胺类衍生物的合成及杀虫活性

运用活性亚结构拼接的原理,以杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺为先导结构,引入异噁唑环单元,合成了16个含异噁唑环取代的新型吡唑酰胺化合物,采用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、元素分析等方法对其目标物的结构进行了表征.初步生物活性测试数据显示,大多数化合物在500μg/m L浓度下对粘虫呈现出100%的杀死率.其中3个化合物在100μg/m L浓度下对粘虫的杀死率达80%～100%,在浓度降至20μg/m L时,3个化合物对粘虫仍表现出40%～50%的杀虫活性.3个化合物在500μg/m L浓度下对蚜虫显示出100%的杀虫效果,在100μg/m L浓度下对蚜虫仍有70%～100%的杀虫活性.另外2个化合物在500μg/m L时对朱砂叶螨的防效为90%～100%.     

新型4-芳氨基嘧啶类衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性

以取代苯胺为起始原料,经重氮化、Meerwein芳基化、异硫氰化、加成、甲基化、环化等多步反应合成一系列结构新颖的4-芳氨基嘧啶类衍生物,并测试了目标化合物的杀虫活性.初步杀虫活性结果表明,在质量浓度500mg/L时,大部分化合物对粘虫的致死率为100%;当质量浓度降至20 mg/L时, 2-甲基-4-[N-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)氨基]-5-[2-三氟甲基-4-(苯氧基)苯基]-6-甲基嘧啶(6h)对粘虫和小菜蛾的致死率分别为80%和60%.     

取代噻吩双酰胺类化合物的设计、 合成及生物活性

利用中间体衍生化方法, 将噻吩环引入到双酰胺类化合物中, 合成了一系列取代噻吩双酰胺类化合物1~3; 目标化合物的结构经核磁共振波谱、 红外光谱及元素分析确认. 生物活性测试结果表明, 化合物1在600 mg/L剂量下对小菜蛾具有良好的杀虫效果, 致死率均为100%, 其中化合物1a和1e在20 mg/L剂量下对小菜蛾的致死率仍达到60%以上; 改变双酰胺结构中的吡唑环得到化合物2和3, 其杀虫活性消失, 说明该类化合物中吡唑环结构对杀虫活性具有关键作用.     

新型邻甲酰胺基间苯二甲酰胺类化合物的 设计合成及生物活性

以氯虫酰胺结构为基础,设计合成了一系列新型邻甲酰胺基间苯二甲酰胺类化合物,所有化合物均通过核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱表征确定.初步的生物活性测试结果表明,在浓度为200 mg/L时,化合物8d的杀粘虫活性可达60％;在浓度为50 mg/L时,化合物8d对苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌率为41.7％,化合物8a对小麦赤霉菌的抑菌率为4...     

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Methyl Xanthine Derivatives

Caffeine is one of methyl xanthine compounds,which has the similar mode of action as ryanodine receptor insecticide.In order to find novel and efficient insecticide,structural modification of certain methyl xanthine compounds was made by introducing some common pesticidal active moieties into the structure of caffeine.Eleven novel methyl xanthine compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）,elemental analylsis or high-resolution mass spectrometry（HRMS）.According to the biological activity results,it was found that these new compounds show moderate activity towards Mythimna separata Walker and Culex pipiens pallens.For example,compound 2d shows a lethality rate of 40％ at 200 mg/L towards Mythimna separata Walker,compounds 2i and 2f show 56.7％ and 53.3％ lethality rates at 2 mg/L towards Culex pipiens pallens,which are all better than caffeine.In addition,some compounds of them show moderate antifungal activity to some plant pathogenous fungi.     

Design,synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel 1-substituted-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives

A series of novel 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives(6a–6n, 7a, 7b, and 8a-8f)were synthesised by placing the amide bond at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring. These derivatives differed from the structure of chlorantraniliprole analogues with the amide bond at the 5-position of the pyrazole ring. Preliminary bioassay results revealed that a few title compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities against lepidopteran pests, such as Plutella xylostella, Mythimna separate, Heliothis armigera, and Ostrinia nubilalis. Some title compounds also elicited broad-spectrum insecticidal activities against dipterous insects including Culex pipiens pallens after altering the amide position. Similar to pyrazole-5-carboxamide analogues, compounds 6b and 6e showed 100% insecticidal activity against P. xylostella, C. pipiens pallens, and M. separate at concentrations of 200, 2, and 200 mg/m L, respectively.This finding suggested that 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives are potential alternative insecticides for management of agriculture pests.     

含吡啶(噻唑)甲基的哌嗪类化合物的合成及生物活性

采用活性基团拼接原理, 分别以2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶和2-氯-5-氯甲基噻唑为原料, 经过氮烷基化和加成反应, 得到系列含吡啶甲基或噻唑甲基的哌嗪类化合物. 初步测试结果表明: 部分化合物表现出较弱的除草活性和杀豆蚜活性, 但对孑孓显示出较高的的杀灭活性, 其中4f在50 mg/L的浓度下对孑孓的杀死率可达100%.     

Separation and identification of botanical insecticide 7-hydroxycoumarin and its biological activity against Aphis craccivora and Culex pipiens pallens

The root powder of Stellera chamaejasme was extracted with chloroform. The crude extract obtained was chromatographed with silica gel columns many times. One pure natural product was obtained. It was identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin. Laboratory bioassay showed that it had a good insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora and Culex pipiens pallens. Its median lethal concentrations (LC50) (24 h after treatment) were 19.56 and 0.435 mg L(-1), respectively. The results of regressive and correlative analysis demonstrated that the correlations were very significant between concentration and efficacy. The corresponding correlative coefficients were 0.9686 and 0.9712, respectively. This is the first report of the insecticidal activity of 7-hydroxycoumarin. It may represent a new class of insecticides.     

第二菊酸类混合含氟苄酯的合成及其杀虫活性

>报道了第二菊酸及其2(3)-氟-4-甲氧甲基苄酯和2(3)-氟-4-甲基苄酯的合成, 生物活性测试的结果表明这两种新化合物对淡色库蚊四龄孑孓显示出较高的杀虫活性.     

O—芳基—O—烷基—O—（1—甲硫基乙叉胺基）磷酸酯的合成？…

以盐酸羟胺、乙醛、取代酚类及烷氧基磷酰二氯为原料,合成了２２个Ｏ－芳基－Ｏ－烷基－Ｏ－（１－甲硫基乙叉胺基）磷酸酯化合物,采用元素分析、红外光谱和＾１ＨＮＭＲ谱对其进行了表征。初步生物活性测定结果表明,部分化合物具有一定的杀菌、除草活性,许多化合物具有优良的杀虫活性。     

Design,Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Anthranilic Diamides Containing Dihydroisoxazoline and Isoxazole

Anthranilic diamides are one of the most important classes of modern agrochemical insecticides. To discover new structures with higher activity, lower toxicity and lower residue, a series of novel anthranilic diamides containing dihydroisoxazoline and isoxazole was designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized by means of melting points, proton nuclear magnetic resonance(¹H NMR), ¹³C NMR and high resolution mass spec-trometry(HRMS). According to the bioassay data, it was found that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate insecticidal activity and good antifungal activity. In particularly, compound 15b with a concentration of 50 mg/L shows a lethality rate of 60.0% against Mythimna separata Walker and a lethality rate of 50.0% against Culex pipiens pallens with a concentration of 1mg/L. Moreover, compound 15b showed good antifungal activities(58.8%, 77.1%, 70.7%, 55.3%, 60.7%, 65.4%) when against all the tested fungi(Cercospora arachidicola Hori, Physalospora piricola, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Bipolaris maydis, Watermelon anthracnose, Fusarium moniliforme). The effects of compounds 14h, 14j and 15b on the concentration of intracellular calcium ion([Ca²⁺]_i) in the central neurons of Mythimna separate Walker were well investigated via calcium imaging technique. The results demonstrate that the novel compounds can elevate the calcium concentration in the neurons, denoting that some new structures are potential modulators of the insect ryanodine receptor(RyR).     

Cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of derivatives of harmine, a natural insecticidal component isolated from Peganum harmala

In a continuing effort to develop novel β-carbolines endowed with better insecticidal activity, a simple high-yielding method for the synthesis of harmine compounds starting from L-tryptophan has been developed and a series of 1,3-substituted β-carboline derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against insect cultured Sf9 cell line in vitro and insecticidal activities against 4th instar larvae of mosquitos, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. The results demonstrated that 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (compound 2) and methyl 1-phenyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate (compound 13) represented the best potential compounds, with Sf9 cells inhibition rates of 71.55% and 60.21% after 24 h treatment at concentrations of 50-200 mg/L, respectively. Both compounds 2 and 13 also showed strong insecticidal activity towards 4th instar larvae of mosquitos with LC(50) values of 20.82 mg/L and 23.98 mg/L, and their LC(90) values were 88.29 mg/L and 295.13 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the LC(50) values of compounds 2 and 13 against mustard aphids were 53.16 mg/L and 68.05 mg/L, and their LC(90) values were 240.10 mg/L and 418.63 mg/L after 48 h treatment. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these compounds was consistent with the insecticidal activity in vivo. The results indicated that the 1- and 3-positions of the β-carboline ring deserve further investigation to develop biorational insecticides based on the natural compound harmine as a lead compound.     

偏一和偏二菊酸酯类化合物的合成及其杀虫活性

报道了trans-偏一和偏二菊酸及其酯类化合物的合成, 生物活性测试的结果表明这两类化合物对淡色库蚊四龄孑孓显示出较高的杀虫活性.     

Insecticidal activity of isobutylamides derived from Piper nigrum against adult of two mosquito species, Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti

The insecticidal activity of Piper nigrum fruit-derived piperidine alkaloid (piperine) and N-isobutylamide alkaloids (pellitorine, guineensine, pipercide and retrofractamide A) against female adults of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti was examined. On the basis of 24-h LD(50) values, the compound most toxic to female C. pipiens pallens was pellitorine (0.4?μg/♀) followed by guineensine (1.9?μg/♀), retrofractamide A (2.4?μg/♀) and pipercide (3.2?μg/♀). LD(50) value of chlorpyrifos was 0.03?μg/♀. Against female A. aegypti, the insecticidal activity was more pronounced in pellitorine (0.17?μg/♀) than in retrofractamide A (1.5?μg/♀), guineensine (1.7?μg/♀), and pipercide (2.0?μg/♀). LD(50) value of chlorpyrifos was 0.0014?μg/♀.