双掺Eu3+ 和Tb3+ 的下转换β-NaYF4的合成与发光性能

采用高温溶剂热法合成了下转换发光材料NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺ 和NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺ ,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、激发(PLE)谱和光致发光(PL)谱对材料的物相结构、形貌特征和发光性质进行了表征和研究,并分析了其发光原理。结果表明:所合成的NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺ 和NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺ 为纯六方相晶体,尺寸在100 nm左右;改变Eu³⁺ 和Tb³⁺ 的掺杂浓度后晶格结构没有发生明显变化,说明Eu³⁺ 和Tb³⁺ 取代的是Y³⁺的晶格位置;在394 nm光的激发下,检测到Eu³⁺ 在⁵D₀→⁷F₁ 和⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁处的特征发射光,并且可见光强度随着Eu³⁺ 离子掺杂浓度的变化而变化。另外Tb³⁺ 离子浓度对NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺ 晶体结构产生了一定的影响,说明掺杂Tb³⁺ 离子改变了Eu³⁺ 离子所处的配位环境,导致红色发光带增强,而这主要源于电偶极子跃迁的贡献。     

近紫外激发具有颜色可调的Er3+/Eu3+共掺BiOCl荧光粉

本文采用固相法在500℃合成了Er³⁺/Eu³⁺共掺BiOCl 荧光粉, 并通过XRD, SEM, 吸收, 激发和发射光谱研究了其结构、形貌和发光特性. XRD 和SEM结果表明在500℃下即可成功合成纯四方相片层结构的Er³⁺/Eu³⁺共掺BiOCl荧光粉. 吸收光谱表明掺杂Er³⁺/Eu³⁺离子使BiOCl形成杂质能级; 激发光谱显示该荧光粉具有来自于基质BiOCl价带(VB)到导带(CB)跃迁的优异宽带近紫外激发特性. 在380 nm近紫外光激发下, 同时获得了Er³⁺离子和Eu³⁺离子的特征发射峰, 其中发光中心位于410 nm (²H_9/2→⁴I_15/2), 525 nm (²H_11/2→⁴I_15/2), 554 nm (⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2), 673 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2)的发射峰来自于Er³⁺离子的跃迁, 而581 nm(⁵D₀→⁷F₀), 594 nm (⁵D₀→⁷F₁), 622 nm (⁵D₀→⁷F₂), 653 nm (⁵D₀→⁷F₃), 699 nm (⁵D₀→⁷F₄)的发射峰则来自于Eu³⁺离子的跃迁. 值得注意的是, 与传统Er³⁺/Eu³⁺掺杂的材料不同, 该荧光粉还具有独特高效的紫光(Er³⁺)和长波红光(Eu³⁺)发射特性, 分析表明这与BiOCl的结构有关; 并且通过改变掺杂浓度, 实现了发光颜色由黄绿光→黄光→橙红光的调节. 研究结果表明Er³⁺/Eu³⁺共掺BiOCl荧光粉有望成为一种潜在的近紫外激发白光LED荧光粉.     

NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+的水热调控合成与发光特性研究

采用水热法合成了不同粒径的NaLa(MoO₄)₂∶Eu³⁺微晶.通过调节乙二醇浓度和反应时间,研究了NaLa(MoO₄)₂∶Eu³⁺微晶的形貌演变过程,在水热条件下180 ℃反应16 h获得了均一梭子形NaLa(MoO₄)₂∶Eu³⁺微晶,其晶粒长度约为2.0 μm.荧光光谱分析表明,Eu³⁺取代了NaLa(MoO₄)₂中La³⁺的格位, Eu³⁺在613 nm处红光发射(⁵D₀–⁷F₂跃迁)的浓度猝灭机理是电偶极-电四极相互作用,并发生了Eu³⁺( ⁵D₁ ) + Eu³⁺(⁷F₀ )→ Eu³⁺( ⁵D₀ ) + Eu³⁺(⁷F₃) 交叉弛豫,由此导致浓度猝灭. 关键词： 钼酸盐 水热法 稀土离子 发光     

近红外光诱导下NaYbF4:Tm3+,Eu3+ 体系中Eu3+的上转换发光

利用水热法制备得到NaYbF₄:0.01%Tm³⁺,20%Eu³⁺上转换材料,利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜及光谱测试技术分别对其进行了结构、形貌以及光谱性质的表征。在980 nm近红外激光激发下,得到了Eu³⁺的可见到紫外范围的上转换荧光发射。分析表明:共掺杂NaYbF₄纳米材料中Tm³⁺到Eu³⁺离子的能量传递对布居Eu³⁺离子的激发态能级,获得Eu³⁺的上转换发光起着至关重要的作用。另外,在实验中首次获得了Eu³⁺对应于³P₀→⁷F_j (j=0,1,2)能级跃迁的上转换光发射。     

晶体中稀土离子能级重心的位移

本文从理论上讨论了晶场作用对稀土离子能级重心位移的影响,具体计算了J混效应对15个含Nd³⁺离子的晶体中的⁴I_J能级重心的位移。结果指出J混效应加宽了光谱项^2S+1L由于自旋轨道耦合导致的能级劈裂宽度,并且与晶体基质的组成、结构有关。 关键词：     

基于Eu/Tb/SnO2纳米晶体共掺杂二氧化硅玻璃的三激活剂光致发光自参考光学温度测量(英文)

自参考光学温度计在快速响应和高精度方面显示出竞争优势,因为可以规避一些不可避免的外部因素,如浓度变化、激发波动和检测器损耗。本文报道了Eu/Tb/SnO₂纳米晶体共掺杂二氧化硅玻璃的三激活剂光致发光。基于Eu³⁺(⁵D₀-⁷F₂跃迁,620 nm)/Eu²⁺(4f⁶5d-⁸S_7/2跃迁,434 nm)和Eu³⁺(⁵D₀-⁷F₂跃迁,620 nm)/Tb³⁺(⁵D₄-⁷F₅跃迁,542 nm)的非热耦合能级的温度依赖性荧光强度比可用于298～773 K宽范围内的自参考温度探测。在773 K时,最大相对热灵敏度S_r可达2.3%·K     

Y3+和Gd3+对LaBO3:Eu3+发光粉结构和发光性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶-燃烧法合成了系列不同掺杂浓度Y³⁺和Gd³⁺的LaBO₃∶Eu³⁺发光粉,对其结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征。XRD研究结果表明：发光粉的结构与基质掺杂离子的种类和掺杂浓度有关系。荧光光谱结果表明：适量比例Y³⁺和Gd³⁺离子掺杂将提高LaBO₃∶Eu³⁺发光粉的发光强度。Y³⁺和Gd³⁺离子最佳掺杂摩尔分数分别为1.5%和12.5%。⁵D₀→⁷F₂与⁵D₀→⁷F₁跃迁发射的相对强度比值说明：掺杂改变LaBO₃∶Eu³⁺中Eu³⁺局域环境的对称性。发光性能改变主要受晶体结构、掺杂离子电负性影响。Gd³⁺离子掺杂更有利于发光粉结构稳定性和发光性能的改善。     

BaWO4∶Eu3+红色荧光粉的水热制备及其发光性能

采用水热法,通过变化水热反应时间制备出不同的BaWO₄∶Eu³⁺样品,利用XRD和SEM分析了样品的晶体结构和表面形貌,研究了基质晶体生长取向对BaWO₄中Eu³⁺离子特征发射的影响。实验结果表明:BaWO₄∶Eu³⁺样品在395 nm近紫外光或464 nm蓝光激发下发射578,592,612 nm的红光,其中612 nm(⁵D₀→⁷F₂)发射强度明显高于592 nm (⁵D₀→⁷F₁)。在水热温度160 ℃的情况下,所制备的样品均为四方相,不同的水热反应时间将影响晶体在各晶向的生长速度,进而影响晶体的对称性和发光性能。水热时间为10 h时的发射强度最大。     

八面体配合物中Ni2+离子的光谱性质(英文)

基于最新的文献数据,我们研究了八面体配位下Ni²⁺离子自旋禁止跃迁³A₂-¹E的能量与新的电子云膨胀效应参数■之间的经验关系,其中(B、C)和(B₀、C₀)分别是Ni²⁺离子在晶体中和自由离子状态下描述3d电子间库仑作用的拉卡参数。研究结果表明,Ni²⁺离子¹E态的能量是β₁参数的线性函数。这样的发现确认了完全处理电子云膨胀效应需要同时考虑两个拉卡参数B和C约减贡献的重要事实。通常使用的电子云膨胀效应参数β=B/B₀由于完全忽略了拉卡参数C的约减贡献,在估计¹E态能级位置上是不准确的。相比而言,我们构建的理论方法则更好。本文所收集的实验数据以及实施的理论分析均将会对Ni²⁺离子掺杂材料的光谱学研究有一定的参考价值。     

Tb3+,Eu3+单掺杂、双掺杂SrSiO3的合成、结构表征与发光性能

采用液相沉淀法合成了铽单掺杂,铕单掺杂,铽、铕双掺杂的硅酸锶发光材料。其结构经X-射线衍射表征。研究了合成样品的激发、发光光谱。研究结果表明:在254nm波长紫外光激发下,SrSiO₃:0.04Eu³⁺的发光光谱中出现4个Eu³⁺的发光峰,分别为Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₁（588、590nm）、⁵D₀→F₂（609nm）、⁵D₀→⁷F₃（626nm）、⁵D₀→⁴F₄（651nm）跃迁峰;SrSiO₃:0.04Tb³⁺的发光光谱中出现4个Tb³⁺的发光峰,分别为Tb³⁺的⁵D4→^F₆（488nm）、⁵D₄→⁷F₅（541、548nm）、⁵D₄→⁷F₄（584nm）跃迁峰;SrSiO₃:0.04Tb³⁺,0.04Eu³⁺发光体系中,Tb³⁺的共掺杂显著增强了Eu³⁺的特征发射,存在Tb³⁺→Eu³⁺的能量传递现象,结果表明有Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺两个发光中心。     

Charge transfer effects on the luminescent properties of Eu3+ in oxysulfides

Energy shifts of 4f⁶ states of Eu³⁺ in matrices, and phonon sidebands, linewidths and luminescence decay of Eu³⁺ in Ln₂O₂S (Ln=Lu, Y, Gd and La) have been studied. The charge transfer state (CTS) of Eu³⁺ is described by a model in which a hole is transferred from Eu³⁺ to ligands. Septet states obtained from the 4f⁷(⁸S) + hole configuration of CTS interact with the ⁷F term of the 4f⁶ configuration. This effect causes downward shifts of ⁷F_J states in matrices. Diffuse charge distributions for ⁷F_J states due to the mixing with CTS make the curvatuve of their adiabatic potential curves be smaller than that for ⁵D_J'. Such a difference in the potential curves between ⁷F_J and ⁵D_J' causes broadening of the absorption lines compared with the corresponding emission linewidths in Y₂O₂S. A dynamic Jahn-Teller model is proposed for the concentration-enhanced phonon sidebands accompanying 4f-4f transitions. The vibronics appear only in the excitation spectra and not in the emission spectra. Spectral distributions of the effective density of phonon states are obtained from the observed phonon sidebands for Ln₂O₂S: 5%Eu. The phonon spectra indicate delocalization of the 4f orbitals of Eu³⁺ with increasing the host-cation radius. The observed lifetimes of ⁵D₀ show a decrease in the same order due to decrease in the 4f-CTS mixing.     

Luminescence properties of NaGd(PO3)4:Eu3+ and energy transfer from Gd3+ to Eu3+

The luminescence properties of polyphosphates NaEu _x Gd_(1?x)(PO₃)₄ (x = 0–1.00) and the energy transfer from Gd³⁺ to Eu³⁺ were studied. In undoped NaGd(PO₃)₄ sample, the photon cascade emission of Gd³⁺ was observed under ⁸S_7/2 → ⁶G_J excitation (201 nm) in which the emission of a red photon due to ⁶G_J → ⁶P_J transition is followed by an ultraviolet photon emission due to ⁶P_J → ⁸S_7/2 transition. When part of Gd³⁺ ions in the host NaGd(PO₃)₄ were substituted by Eu³⁺ ions, the NaGd(PO₃)₄:Eu³⁺ sample showed intensive red emission under 172-nm vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) excitation which is suitable for mercury-free fluorescent lamps and plasma display panel applications. Based on the VUV–visible spectroscopic characteristics and the luminescence decay properties of NaGd(PO₃)₄:Eu³⁺, it was found that the quantum cutting by a two-step energy transfer from Gd³⁺ to Eu³⁺ can improve the red emission of Eu³⁺ ions under VUV excitation but only a part of the excitation energy in the excited ⁶P_J states within Gd³⁺ ions can be transferred to Eu³⁺ ions for its red emission, and the nonradiative energy transfer efficiencies from the excited ⁶P_J states within Gd³⁺ to Eu³⁺ were calculated.     

Photophysics of RbCl co-doped with Eu2+ and Eu3+

Excitation and luminescence spectra of RbCl co-doped with divalent and trivalent europium ions are reported. Spectral dips appearing in the blue emission from Eu²⁺ are resulted from the radiative energy transfer from Eu²⁺ to Eu³⁺ and consequently induces the luminescence from Eu³⁺ that is responsible for the ⁵D₀→⁷F_J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions. The induced luminescence has been characterized as a function of temperature and a decay time. In addition, the polarized emission from RbCl doped with only Eu²⁺ is also reported.     

Sol-gel synthesis and photoluminescence of CaSiO3:Eu nanophosphors using novel silicate sources

In this paper, seven kinds of silane coupling reagents were employed as silicate sources to prepare CaSiO₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors by the sol-gel method. The different silicate precursors were used to adjust the microstructure and size of the resulting phosphors. The crystallite size of phosphors is in the range of 30-35 nm and some of them show regular microstructure after high-temperature thermolysis. The photoluminescence properties show that all of them exhibit the characteristic fluorescence ⁵D₀→⁷F_J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) of the Eu³⁺ ion and the strongest one is the red emission at 610 nm. Furthermore, the emission quantum efficiency (η) of the ⁵D₀ Eu³⁺ excited state has been calculated to be around 33% from the emission spectrum and the lifetime of the Eu³⁺ first excited level (τ, ⁵D₀).     

Eu3+ Doped CaWO4—A Potential Red Long Afterglow Phosphor

In this study, a series of Eu³⁺ doped CaWO₄ phosphors were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. Red long afterglow was observed after samples were excited with 254 nm. The main emission peaks were ascribed to the ⁵D₀–⁷F _J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu³⁺, and the duration of the optimal sample could last nearly 40 min in the dark seen with naked eyes. The effect of the doping concentration of Eu³⁺ and alkali metal charge compensators (Li, Na, K) on the luminescent properties of the products were investigated in detail. The proposed mechanism of this afterglow property is also discussed.     

Cooperative absorption in Eu2O2S

Lines due to cooperative optical absorption of Eu³⁺ have been observed in the luminescence excitation spectra for Eu₂O₂S at 75 K. A pair of Eu³⁺ ions are simultaneously excited by one photon to the ⁵D_J and ⁷F'_J states from the ground state ⁷F₀. Estimated oscillator strengths of the pair absorption are of the order of 10^-9, and are much larger than those in other rare earth compounds reported elsewhere. Multipolar interaction between Eu³⁺ ions cannot explain such a large oscillator strength. Hole-exchange through the charge transfer state, or a super-exchange mechanism, gives a reasonable order of the pair absorption strength in Eu₂O₂S.     

Fluorescence properties of divalent and trivalent europium ions in CdWO4 single crystals grown by Bridgman method

Optical absorption, excitation, and fluorescence were investigated in Eu ion-doped CdWO₄ single crystal grown by a modified Bridgman method. The results indicate that Eu²⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions coexist in CdWO₄ crystal and an energy transfer occurs between these Eu²⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions. When the crystal is excited by 266-nm light, the energy corresponding to the 4f⁶5d to ⁸S_7/2 transition of Eu²⁺ ions results in the excitation of the Eu³⁺ ions to the ⁵D_J level. The effect on fluorescence of annealing in oxygen at various temperatures was investigated. The excitation intensity of Eu²⁺ ions at 266 nm decreases as annealing temperature increases from 300 K to 1073 K, but it remains at a certain equilibrium level when the annealing temperature is further increased.     

VUV excited luminescence of MGdF4:Eu (M=Na, K, NH4)

Eu³⁺-doped NaGdF₄, KGdF₄ and NH₄GdF₄ phosphors with little oxygen contamination have been synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The emission spectra show that the doped Eu³⁺ ions are located in noncentrosymmetric sites in the three compounds. The two-photon emission has been observed in NaGdF₄:Eu³⁺ and KGdF₄:Eu³⁺ compounds under VUV excitation from the ground states to higher ⁶G_J excited states of Gd³⁺ ions, while in Eu³⁺-doped NH₄GdF₄, emissions from ⁵D_1,2,3 excited states of Eu³⁺ cannot be detected in the luminescence spectra.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of europium doped YBa3B9O18

Europium (Eu³⁺) doped YBa₃B₉O₁₈ were synthesized by conventional solid state solidification methods. (Y_1−xEu_x)Ba₃B₉O₁₈ formed solid solutions in the range of x=0–1.0. The luminescence property measurements upon excitation in ultraviolet–visible range show well-known Eu³⁺ excitation and emission. The charge transfer excitation band of Eu³⁺ dominates the excitation spectra. The emission spectrum of Eu³⁺ ions consists mainly of several groups of lines in the 550–720 nm region, due to the transitions from the ⁵D₀ level to the levels ⁷F_J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) of Eu³⁺ ions. The dependence of luminescence intensity on Eu³⁺ concentration shows no concentration quenching for fully concentrated EuBa₃B₉O₁₈. Eu³⁺ doped YBa₃B₉O₁₈ are promising phosphors for applications in displays and optical devices.     

Luminescence and red long afterglow investigation of Eu3+–Sm3+ CO-doped CaWO4 phosphor

A series of Eu³⁺–Sm³⁺ co-doped CaWO₄ phosphors were synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure of the obtained samples was identified by XRD, and the results showed that all the phases were indexed to scheelite structure. The effect of the doping concentration of Sm³⁺ on the luminescent properties of the obtained products was investigated, and the optimal Sm³⁺ concentration was experimentally determined to 0.5%. The photoluminescence properties indicate that there is an efficient energy transfers from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺. The energy-transfer process between Sm³⁺ and Eu³⁺ was also given. Red long afterglow originating from the ⁵D₀–⁷F_J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu³⁺ was observed after samples were excited by 254 nm, and the duration of the optimal sample can last more than 35 min in dark with naked eyes. The proposed explanation for the afterglow property was also discussed.