Magnetohydrodynamic shock waves in a gas mixture

The properties of the non-relativistic propagation of a plane shock wave in a gas mixture of charged particles in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field, oriented in a direction transverse to the direction of propagation, are studied. Expressions for the pressure, density and velocity ratios are obtained. It is shown that the presence of a transverse magnetic field narrows down the range of values of the density ratio.     

Observation of nonequilibrium radiation behind strong shock waves in low-density air

Nonequilibrium radiation phenomena behind strong shock waves in low-density air are observed by using a couple of CCD camera systems in a shock tube experiment. The simultaneous observation for total radiation and its spectral radiation is carried out in order to elucidate spaced-ependent contribution of an individual radiation spectrum to the total radiation intensity. The results are shown for the shock velocity range from 9.0 km/s to 12.1 km/s at the initial pressure 13.3 Pa. Wavelength range is selected from 300 nm to 445 nm to investigate mainly the contributions from UV radiation. It is found that the band spectra due to the molecular species N₂⁺ and CN mainly contribute to the first-peak, while the spectra due to the atomic species O⁺ and N mainly contribute to the formation of the second-peak. It is also found that the Balmer series in H spectra strongly contributes to the second-peak. The radiation along the tube wall surfaces is composed of the same constituents as those around the tube axis as well as the spectra coming from the impurities.     

理想气体球面强冲击波一般自模拟运动模型

应用理想气体一维不定常流自模拟运动基本微分方程，详细讨论了球面强冲击波波后气体自模拟特性，推导出具有自模拟运动特性的球面强冲击波传播公式的一般形式.分析结果表明：球面强冲击波自模拟运动模型不必从具有奇异性质的点源出发，冲击波初始速度和自模拟温度函数解一般不存在趋于无穷大的问题.Taylor点爆炸冲击波自模拟模型只是一般自模拟模型中假设自模拟运动总能量为定值条件下的特例. 关键词： 理想气体 球面强冲击波 自模拟运动     

强冲击LY12铝靶产生闪光的辐射强度演化特征

采用理论推导与实验相结合的方法,研究了强冲击LY12铝靶产生闪光的辐射强度演化特征。利用建立的光纤瞬态高温计测量系统与二级轻气炮加载系统,进行了6种实验条件下的强冲击实验。每组实验使用1组光纤探头,光纤探头直接对准碰撞点安装。通过实验所获原始数据结合标定得到了闪光辐射强度随时间的变化关系。实验结果表明,在给定实验条件及光纤探头安装方案下,闪光信号上升阶段的上升系数和衰减阶段的衰减系数在1~5之间。弹丸入射角度相同时,冲击速度越大,最大闪光辐射强度也越大。LY12铝弹丸强冲击LY12铝靶产生的最大闪光辐射强度,对测量波长为488~667nm范围内的幂指数值在7.5~9.0之间变化。     

强冲击LY12铝靶产生闪光的辐射强度演化特征

采用理论推导与实验相结合的方法,研究了强冲击LY12铝靶产生闪光的辐射强度演化特征。利用建立的光纤瞬态高温计测量系统与二级轻气炮加载系统,进行了6种实验条件下的强冲击实验。每组实验使用1组光纤探头,光纤探头直接对准碰撞点安装。通过实验所获原始数据结合标定得到了闪光辐射强度随时间的变化关系。实验结果表明,在给定实验条件及光纤探头安装方案下,闪光信号上升阶段的上升系数和衰减阶段的衰减系数在1～5之间。弹丸入射角度相同时,冲击速度越大,最大闪光辐射强度也越大。LY12铝弹丸强冲击LY12铝靶产生的最大闪光辐射强度,对测量波长为488～667 nm范围内的幂指数值在7.5～9.0之间变化。     

Observation of collisionless plasma heating by strong shock waves

The heating of a plasma by collisionless shock waves is investigated by measuring the variation of magnetic field (with magnetic probes), density and electron temperature (from Thomson scattering of laser light) in the shock waves. The compression waves are produced in a tube of 14 cm diameter by the fast rising magnetic field (12 kG in 0.5Μsec) of a theta pinch. For shocks with Mach numbers between 2 and 3 propagating into a hydrogen or deuterium plasma with a localΒ of about 1 (Β=ratio of particle pressure to magnetic pressure) the measured jump in density and magnetic field across the front is 2 to 4, and the electron temperature increases in the front from 3 to 50 eV with a further rise to between 100 and 250 eV in the piston region. Only about 20% of the measured electron heating can be explained by adiabatic heating and resistive heating based on binary collisions, indicating a high turbulent plasma resistance. Both the observed electron heating and the width of the shock front, which is about 0.6 ·c/Ω _p, can be accounted for using an effective collision frequency close to the ion plasma frequencyΩ _p. The ion heating in the almost stationary shock fronts can be inferred indirectly from the steady state conservation relations. For shock waves with Mach numbersM<M _crit it seems to be consistent with an adiabatic heating process, whereas forM>M _crit the calculated ion temperatures exceed those one would except for a merely adiabatic heating.     

Observation of shock waves in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

We study collisions between two strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas clouds. We observe exotic nonlinear hydrodynamic behavior, distinguished by the formation of a very sharp and stable density peak as the clouds collide and subsequent evolution into a boxlike shape. We model the nonlinear dynamics of these collisions by using quasi-1D hydrodynamic equations. Our simulations of the time-dependent density profiles agree very well with the data and provide clear evidence of shock wave formation in this universal quantum hydrodynamic system.     

Cosmic ray intensity dynamics in the region ahead of the interplanetary shock front

The galactic cosmic rays intensity dynamics prior to the onset of the geomagnetic storm of September 9, 1992, are calculated using a new kinetic method. A comparison of the calculation results and the observational data from ground-level detectors shows satisfactory agreement on both amplitude and time.     

Orthogonality catastrophe and shock waves in a nonequilibrium Fermi gas

A semiclassical wave packet propagating in a dissipationless Fermi gas inevitably enters a "gradient catastrophe" regime, where an initially smooth front develops large gradients and undergoes a dramatic shock-wave phenomenon. The nonlinear effects in electronic transport are due to the curvature of the electronic spectrum at the Fermi surface. They can be probed by a sudden switching of a local potential. In equilibrium, this process produces a large number of particle-hole pairs, a phenomenon closely related to the orthogonality catastrophe. We study a generalization of this phenomenon to the nonequilibrium regime and show how the orthogonality catastrophe cures the gradient catastrophe, by providing a dispersive regularization mechanism.     

Measurement of scaling laws for shock waves in thermal nonlocal media

We are able to detect the details of spatial optical collisionless wave breaking through the high aperture imaging of a beam suffering shock in a fluorescent nonlinear nonlocal thermal medium. This allows us to directly measure how nonlocality and nonlinearity affect the point of shock formation and compare results with numerical simulations.     

Temperature profile at the front of a shock wave propagating in a vibrationally excited stationary nonequilibrium gas

The variation of the temperature profile in a shock wave propagating in a vibrationally excited gas is studied as a function of the wave velocity and the degree of nonequilibrium of the gas.