La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂，并通过XRD、TEM、BET和XPS等手段进行了表征．掺入La2O3后，阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变，使TiO2的粒径减小，比表面积增大．以甲基橙为光催化降解反应模型化合物，考察了光催化剂的活性．测定了甲基橙在纯TiO2和La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂上的吸附常数．考察了pH、H2O2对降解性能的影响．讨论了光催化活性与催化剂性质的关系．     

铁掺杂TiO_2微米带的制备及其光催化性能

采用模板法与溶胶-凝胶法结合,以脱脂棉为模板制备了掺杂Fe3+的TiO2微米带光催化材料.并利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对掺杂不同比例Fe3+产物的表面形貌及晶型进行了表征.以甲基橙的脱色降解为模式反应,考察了样品的光催化性能.结果表明:以脱脂棉为模板在酸性条件下制备出了宽度5～8μm,厚度约100～500nm的TiO2带状体,此条件下生成的纳米TiO2晶体晶粒直径大小10～30nm,长度100～500nm,呈棒状.且得出当Fe3+掺杂量为0.04%时光催化效果最优,20min对甲基橙的催化效率为91%.     

水热法合成在可见光照射下具有高催化活性的纳米TiO2催化剂

 以丙酮为溶剂,采用水热法在240 ℃合成了表面吸附有机物的纳米TiO2粉体光催化剂,并采用XRD,TEM,UV-Vis和DRS等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,合成的纳米TiO2催化剂在可见光激发下具有良好的光催化降解甲基橙的性能和较好的热稳定性. 经180,250和365 ℃热处理后,催化剂的晶型和尺寸没有变化,但催化剂表面吸附的有机物发生了明显变化. 催化剂表面吸附的有机物、可见光波段的光响应性能和可见光下催化降解甲基橙的效率之间存在良好的关联性,催化剂表面吸附适量的有机物可提高纳米TiO2催化剂在可见光波段的光响应性能,从而提高其在可见光照射下催化降解甲基橙的性能.     

双锥状纳米晶TiO2微管的制备及其光催化性能

本文采用模板法与溶胶-凝胶法结合,以脱脂棉为模板制备出了TiO2中空微管光催化材料.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对其在不同煅烧温度下产物的表面形貌及晶型进行了表征.以甲基橙的脱色降解为模式反应,考察了宏观形貌及煅烧温度对TiO2光催化性能的影响.结果表明:以脱脂棉为模板制得的TiO2中空微管直径3～8μm、壁厚0.5～1μm,TiO2晶体直径为30～80 nm,长径比约为5:1,呈双锥状结构,微管样品在酸性条件下30min内对甲基橙催化降解效率提高了约16%～40%.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO_2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能.结果表明:用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO2皆为锐钛矿相,金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO2表面,粒径为2nm左右,比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加,最高可达151.44m2·g-1;UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明:Ag修饰使TiO2对光的吸收能力大大增强,吸收带边红移至可见光区,亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型;溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品,在紫外光和可见光下,Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

凹凸棒黏土-SnO2-TiO2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以凹凸棒黏土为基体,通过原位溶胶-凝胶包覆工艺,将SnO2-TiO2复合氧化物负载于凹凸棒黏土表面制备凹凸棒黏土复合光催化剂(Att-SnO2-TiO2)。采用XRD、BET、TEM等分析测试技术对产物进行了表征。结果表明,SnO2-TiO2复合氧化物均匀地负载于凹凸棒黏土表面,其平均粒径约为10 nm;经过复合氧化物负载改性后,凹凸棒黏土的表面形貌得到明显改善,产物的包覆效果好、比表面大。以光催化降解甲基橙为探针,研究了凹凸棒黏土复合光催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,凹凸棒黏土复合光催化剂显示出优异的光催化性能,其光催化活性顺序为Att-SnO2-TiO2>Att-SnO2>Att-TiO2。以性能最佳的Att-SnO2-TiO2为催化剂光降解甲基橙30min后,甲基橙的降解率达99%。实验表明,Att-SnO2-TiO2复合光催化剂可重复利用。     

Eu2Sn2O7的水热合成及其光催化活性的研究

采用水热法制备了Eu2Sn2O7纳米颗粒, 并用TEM、 XRD、 IR、 Raman等技术对其进行了表征. 结果表明: Eu2Sn2O7纳米颗粒的粒径约为75nm左右, 且尺寸分布均匀. 以紫外光为光源, 甲基橙为目标降解物, 研究了该纳米催化剂的光催化活性, 结果显示其具有较高的催化效率. 另外, 对甲基橙催化降解后的产物进行了UV-Vis、 IR、 Fluorescence表征分析, 并初步探索了甲基橙分子在该实验条件下的光催化降解机理.     

纳米复合材料Ag/TiO_2-ZrO_2的制备及其微波增强光催化降解甲基橙

采用EO20PO70EO20(P123)作模板剂,通过溶胶-凝胶-程序升温溶剂热一步法,并经萃取处理制备了具有光催化活性的纳米复合材料Ag/TiO2-ZrO2.用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附测定和扫描电子显微镜配合X射线能量色谱仪(SEM-EDS)等测试手段对其组成、结构及形貌等进行了表征.结果表明,复合材料Ag/TiO2-ZrO2中Ag以单质形式存在,材料具有双孔结构,颗粒分布较均匀,结构也较规整,平均孔径约为3.6和9.0nm.通过微波增强光催化降解染料甲基橙的实验,对复合材料Ag/TiO2-ZrO2的光催化活性进行了探究.实验结果表明,微波辅助光催化效果优于紫外辐射,并且萃取后的合成产物Ag/TiO2-ZrO2在90min内对甲基橙的降解率可达81.5%,其活性高于市售P25以及TiO2-ZrO2.     

铥、镱共掺杂纳米二氧化钛/硫化镉光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出稀土离子Tm3+和Yb3+共掺杂的纳米TiO2/CdS复合光催化剂,采用XRD、UV-Vis吸收光谱、TEM及上转换发光光谱等对其结构和光学特性进行了表征,以染料甲基橙为降解模型,系统地讨论了溶液的pH值、催化剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、光照强度等对复合催化剂光催化性能的影响,并对光催化降解动力学进行了分析.     

介孔TiO2的水热法制备及其光催化性能

以二钛酸钾(K2Ti2O5)经离子交换得到的无定形水合二钛酸(H2Ti2O5·xH2O)为原料, 与葡萄糖溶液在220 ℃下进行水热反应, 再在空气中520 ℃焙烧, 制备出介孔TiO2. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 该介孔TiO2具有微米级棒状或针状形貌, 晶粒大小为12.3 nm, 比表面积为106 m2·g-1, 孔容为0.31 cm3·g-1, 孔径为8.06 nm, 焙烧处理后晶型仍是锐钛矿相. 水热生成的碳抑制了晶粒的团聚生长和晶型的转变, 提高了介孔TiO2的热稳定性. 甲基橙降解实验评价了介孔TiO2的光催化性能, 结果发现其活性与商用TiO2催化剂P25相当, 而其较大的粒径更容易回收再利用. 以碘化钾为探针反应, 表明介孔TiO2的光催化机制以光生空穴氧化为主.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.