共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 781 毫秒
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孔子所见"虚而欹,中而正,满而覆"的欹器,尚未发现古物;后世众多仿作皆为不对称结构的悬挂式,似有欠缺.本文认为初期欹器为对称结构的触地式陶瓶,源于制作过程中瓶底湿土变形而产生的次品:介绍了注沙式和注水式欹器的结构特征,并在后者植入虹吸管而成"盈虚瓶". 相似文献
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建筑结构的SMA被动振动控制方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章根据Robery K等研制的SMA中心牵引型耗能器的基本原理,设计出一种具有自我保护能力的新型耗能器,并建立了对应的力学模型。在此基础上,利用Brinson相变发展的本构模型从热力学第一定律出发建立了耗能器的热力学平衡方程式,为了探讨耗能器在结构中的被动控制效果,文章以三层单跨框架结构为例建立了结构在耗能器作用下的动力学方程式。最后,文章分别对耗能器与框架结构进行了数值仿真计算。结果表明,耗能器的耗能能力随温度的升高而下降,通过温控器的调节或改变相变温度点,可以使耗能器处于最佳耗能状态;SMA耗能丝材愈短,在相同的耗能器行程下,丝材应变愈大,相变发展愈充分,耗能量愈大,但最大应变不能超过材料的最大可恢复应变;SMA耗能器对结构在地震作用下的动力响应具有较显著的抑制作用,位移的峰值衰减率约50%一70%。 相似文献
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具有狭长形状的压电作动器有利于输出较大的位移,而采用周期拼装方式实现这类结构则具有制造成本相对较低的优点.本文提出了基于周期拼装的平面压电作动器结构拓扑优化设计的数学模型.其中,以位移输出点作功最大化为设计目标,考虑了材料体积和控制能耗约束,对结构基体材料和压电材料的分布以及控制电压的分布进行优化设计.本文给出了结构响... 相似文献
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In this paper, a fractional 3-dimensional (3-D) 4-wing quadratic autonomous system (Qi system) is analyzed. Time domain approximation method (Grunwald–Letnikov method) and frequency domain approximation method are used together to analyze the behavior of this fractional order chaotic system. It is found that the decreasing of the system order has great effect on the dynamics of this nonlinear system. The fractional Qi system can exhibit chaos when the total order less than 3, although the regular one always shows periodic orbits in the same range of parameters. In some fractional order, the 4 wings are decayed to a scroll using the frequency domain approximation method which is different from the result using time domain approximation method. A surprising finding is that the phase diagrams display a character of local self-similar in the 4-wing attractors of this fractional Qi system using the frequency approximation method even though the number and the characteristics of equilibria are not changed. The frequency spectrums show that there is some shrinking tendency of the bandwidth with the falling of the system states order. However, the change of fractional order has little effect on the bandwidth of frequency spectrum using the time domain approximation method. According to the bifurcation analysis, the fractional order Qi system attractors start from sink, then period bifurcation to some simple periodic orbits, and chaotic attractors, finally escape from chaotic attractor to periodic orbits with the increasing of fractional order α in the interval [0.8,1]. The simulation results revealed that the time domain approximation method is more accurate and reliable than the frequency domain approximation method. 相似文献
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M. Srivastava S. P. Ansari S. K. Agrawal S. Das A. Y. T. Leung 《Nonlinear dynamics》2014,76(2):905-914
This article deals with the anti-synchronization between two identical chaotic fractional-order Qi system, Genesio–Tesi system, and also between two different fractional-order Genesio–Tesi and Qi systems using active control method. The chaotic attractors of the systems are found for fractional-order time derivatives described in Caputo sense. Numerical simulation results which are carried out using Adams–Boshforth–Moulton method show that the method is reliable and effective for anti-synchronization of nonlinear dynamical evolutionary systems. 相似文献
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C.K.AHN 《应用数学和力学(英文版)》2010,31(8):1009-1018
In this paper, a new passivity-based synchronization method for a general class of chaotic systems is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov theory and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, the passivity-based controller is presented to make the synchronization error system not only passive but also asymptotically stable. The proposed controller can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem represented by the LMI. Simulation studies for the Genesio-Tesi chaotic system and the Qi chaotic system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. 相似文献
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Scale up of gas-solid circulating fluidized bed (CFB) risers poses many challenges to researchers.In this paper,CFD investigation of hydrodynamic scaling laws for gas-solid riser flow was attempted on the basis of two-fluid model simulations,in particular,the recently developed empirical scaling law of Qi,Zhu,and Huang (2008).A 3D computational model with periodic boundaries was used to perform numerical experiments and to study the effect of various system and operating parameters in hydrodynamic scaling o... 相似文献
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A modified adaptive control method is developed in this article and the parameters identification method is then applied in fractional order systems with unknown parameters. The new modified control method based on Lyapunov stability theory is successfully applied to investigate the synchronization of pair of fractional order systems amongst Genesio–Tesi, Qi and Chen systems. By means of the Adams–Bosford–Moulton method, the numerical results show that the modified method is easy to implement and reliable for synchronizing the two different fractional order chaotic systems. 相似文献
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脉搏波系统的力学模型及反演兼对若干中医学问题的讨论 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对脉搏波进行客观化定量研究,是我们面临的跨中医与西医、跨医学与数理学科的新挑战,是中国传统医学现代化发展的重点研究课题之一.本文遵循中医整体观点的传统思路,把脉搏波系统理解为生命能量以波的形式在血液中传播的整个系统,从连续介质力学的波动理论出发,为脉搏波系统建立一个等价的力学模型,并把力学反演方法推广发展到脉搏波.指出脉搏波是压力波P(X,t),质点速度波v(X,t)、比容波V(X,t)和内能波E(X,t)这些不同形式波动的总成.脉搏现象包含着血液的流动和在血液中以远快于血液流速之波速传播的携带能量的脉搏波.前者是人眼易见的实体血液的“物质流”,而后者是人眼不易见、以波的形式传播的“能量流”,可分别理解为中医的“血”和“气”.脉搏波的传播特性由反映生命体整体系统的本构方程决定,就其重要性和地位而言,系统本构方程与中医的体质相当,应探索其内在联系.初步讨论了脉搏波系统本构关系非线性效应和黏性效应对脉搏波特性的影响. 相似文献
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The effects of shear, uniaxial extension and temperature on the flow-induced crystallization of two different types of high-density
polyethylene (a metallocene and a ZN-HDPE) are examined using rheometry. Shear and uniaxial extension experiments were performed
at temperatures below and well above the peak melting point of the polyethylenes in order to characterize their flow-induced
crystallization behavior at rates relevant to processing (elongational rates up to 30 s − 1 and shear rates 1 to 1,000 s − 1 depending on the application). Generally, strain and strain rate found to enhance crystallization in both shear and elongation.
In particular, extensional flow was found to be a much stronger stimulus for polymer crystallization compared to shear. At
temperatures well above the melting peak point (up to 25°C), polymer crystallized under elongational flow, while there was
no sign of crystallization under simple shear. A modified Kolmogorov crystallization model (Kolmogorov, Bull Akad Sci USSR,
Class Sci, Math Nat 1:355–359, 1937) proposed by Tanner and Qi (Chem Eng Sci 64:4576–4579, 2009) was used to describe the crystallization kinetics under both shear and elongational flow at different temperatures. 相似文献
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Paul Creismeas 《国际流体数值方法杂志》1995,20(2):135-155
We introduce a Eulerian/Lagrangian model to compute the evolution of a spray of water droplets inside a complex geometry. To take into account the complex geometry we define a rectangular mesh and we relate each mesh node to a node function which depends on the location of the node. The time-dependent incompressible and turbulent Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a projection method. The droplets are regarded as individual entities and we use a Lagrangian approach to compute the evolution of the spray. We establish the exchange laws related to mass and heat transfer for a droplet by introducing a mass transfer coefficient and a heat transfer coefficient. The numerical results from our model are compared with those from the literature in the case of a falling droplet in the atmosphere and from experimental investigation in a wind tunnel in the case of a polydisperse spray. The comparison is fairly good. We present the computation of a water droplet spray inside a complex and realistic geometry and determine the characteristics of the spray in the vicinity of obstacles. 相似文献
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An experimental and numerical analysis of the interaction between a plane horizontal water flow in a rectangular channel (free water current) and a plane thin water jet (water jet curtain) is presented; the jet flows out vertically from either a slot nozzle in the bottom of the channel or the crest of a rigid spillway at a velocity appreciably (several times) greater than the water velocity in the channel. Numerical calculations were carried out using the STAR-CD software package preliminarily tested against the experimental data obtained. The dependence of the water level in the channel at a certain distance ahead of the jet barrier on the main jet parameters and the water flow rate in the horizontal channel is studied. It is found that in the region of the interface between the flows both steady and unsteady (self-oscillatory) flow patterns can be realized. Steady stream/jet interaction patterns of the “ejection” and “ejection-spillway” types are distinguished and a criterion separating these regimes is obtained. The notion of a rigid spillway equivalent to a jet curtain is introduced and an approximate dependence of its height on the relevant parameters of the problem is derived. The possibility of effectively controlling the water level ahead of a rigid spillway with a sharp edge by means of a plane water jet flowing from its crest is investigated. The boundary of transition to self-oscillation interaction patterns in the region of the flow interface is determined. The structure of these flows and a possible mechanism of their generation are described. Within the framework of the inviscid incompressible fluid model in the approximate formulation for a “thin” jet, an analytical dependence of the greatest possible depth of a reservoir filled with a heavy fluid at rest and screened by a vertical jet barrier on the jet parameters is obtained. 相似文献