马来酸酐-苯乙烯熔融接枝聚丙烯的影响因素及其性能研究

用单螺杆挤出机制备了马来酸酐 (MAH) 苯乙烯 (St)对聚丙烯 (PP)的多组分单体自由基熔融接枝体系 .研究证实了当两种单体物质的量比约为 1∶1时 ,接枝物的接枝率最高 ,而熔体流动速率 (MFR)最大 .对反应体系影响因素的研究表明单体用量和引发剂用量对不同单体用量比的系列接枝物的接枝率会产生不同的影响 ;另外 ,单体用量增加 ,接枝物的MFR减小 ,过氧化二异丙苯 (DCP)用量增加 ,接枝物的MFR增加 .对多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯PP g (MAH co St)的力学性能研究发现 ,选用合适的单体用量比、单体用量和DCP用量时 ,所制备的接枝物可具有与纯PP相当或更佳的力学性能     

马来酸酐-苯乙烯多组分单体熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯机理及性能研究

用单螺杆挤出机制备了马来酸酐-苯乙烯(MAH-St)多单体熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)体系,研究发现添加St共同接枝,可以显著提高接枝物的接枝率.随着St的增加,接枝率先增大后有所降低.当两种单体物质的量比约为1:1时,接枝物的接枝率最高,此时接枝物的熔体流动速率(MFR)最小.即MAH接枝率越高,接枝物的MFR越...     

双单体固相共聚改性聚丙烯技术及其机理研究

在马来酸酐(MAH)固相接枝改性聚丙烯(PP)的过程中加入合适比例的异氰脲酸三烯丙酯(TAIC)作为共聚单体,可以大大提高MAH在PP上的接枝率,同时可以有效抑制在普通固相接枝过程中PP的严重降解,得到了性能较好的高极性PP.与普通固相接枝法与熔体接枝法对比,双单体固相共聚接枝改性PP是一种得到高极性PP的有效方法.本文同时对双单体在固相接枝反应中的作用机理进行了探讨.     

预辐射聚丙烯反应挤出接枝丙烯酸的研究

利用电子束(EB)预辐照方法和反应挤出技术制备了聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸共聚物PP-g-AA. 采用化学滴定、红外光谱、偏光显微镜(PLM)、DSC和广角X射线衍射(WAXD)对接枝产物进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 接枝率随辐照剂量增加而增大并逐渐达到平台值, 但随单体浓度增大而表现为线性增加, 接枝链能起到异相成核作用, 从而提高了结晶速率并细化了球晶. 同时, 熔体流动速率(MFR)和力学性能测试结果表明, 预辐射和挤出过程造成了PP严重降解, 据此可认为接枝反应主要发生在聚丙烯断裂分子链的末端.     

多官能团单体对马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯流变行为的影响

研究了多官能团辅助单体偏苯三酸三丙烯酯(TATM)对马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的熔体流动速率(MFR)和流变行为的影响.当以不含抗氧剂的聚丙烯粉料为原料时,TATM的加入对稳定接枝产物MFR的效果并不理想.但将聚丙烯粉料添加抗氧剂并造粒后,TATM的加入则可有效稳定体系的MFR,各种流变曲线显示出接枝产物的熔体弹性明显提高,说明有枝化或交联结构出现.针对PP粉料和粒料间接枝产物流变行为存在的重大差异,结合熔体自由基接枝反应的机理进行了解释.TATM能够起到稳定MFR的效果是由于其提高了接枝物的熔体弹性,从而抵消了聚丙烯熔体接枝反应中所不可避免的β断链所造成的剪切黏度下降.聚丙烯粉料和粒料中抗氧剂的差异对聚丙烯的加工降解有严重影响,造成了TATM在不同聚丙烯体系中效果的差异.     

β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以β-环糊精(β-CD)为接枝骨架、DL-丙交酯(DLLA)为接枝单体,三乙胺为催化剂,合成了β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物(PCDLA).利用IR、1H-NMR、DSC、WXRD和GPC等方法对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征,测定了共聚物的分子量,并研究了反应投料比对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)的影响.结果表明,在三乙胺催化下,DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精能够发生聚合反应得到接枝共聚物,当DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精结构单元的摩尔比为30∶1,反应时间为10h时,接枝反应的接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)可分别达到182·9%和21·4%.随着接枝共聚物中β-环糊精含量的增加,共聚物的亲水性得到了改善.     

淀粉/DL-丙交酯接枝共聚物的合成和生物降解性能研究

以淀粉为接枝骨架 ,DL 丙交酯为接枝单体 ,在无水LiCl存在下 ,合成了淀粉 /DL 丙交酯接枝共聚物 .研究了接枝反应的投料比、反应时间、反应温度对单体转化率 (C % )、接枝率 (G % )和接枝效率 (GE % )的影响 .当DL 丙交酯与淀粉结构单元的摩尔比为 10∶1,反应温度为 80～ 85℃ ,反应时间为 4h ,C % ,G %和GE %可分别达到 37 3 %、179 7%和 6 8 0 % .用差示扫描量热 (DSC)分析仪、红外光谱仪和X 射线衍射仪对合成的接枝共聚物进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,淀粉和DL 丙交酯反应生成了淀粉 /DL 丙交酯接枝共聚物 .防水实验结果表明 ,该产物在给定条件下可使纸板的吸水率由 41 1%降低到 1 0 % .降解实验表明该接枝共聚物能够被酸、碱及微生物完全降解     

固相共聚接枝合成功能化聚丙烯及机理研究

通过马来酸酐 (MAH)和乙酸乙烯酯 (VAc)固相共聚接枝聚丙烯 (PP) ,在二者的投料摩尔比接近 1:1时 ,得到了高接枝率的多官能团功能化的PP .反应的机理是两单体摩尔比接近 1:1时容易形成较为稳定的过渡态 ,从而两者的共聚活性大大增加 ,接枝率大大提高 ,同时抑制了接枝产品熔体流动指数的增加 .这种含有多种官能团 (酸酐官能团和酯基官能团 )的极性PP对于拓展PP的应用范围 ,促进PP本身及其共混合金材料的功能化和高性能化有着重要的意义     

助剂对可生物降解聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚丙烯非织造布切片性能的影响

采用熔融共混法研究助剂马来酸酐(MAH)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-2)对可生物降解聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)/聚丙烯(PP)非织造布切片结构与性能的影响.红外谱图表明MAH和PP-2的酸酐官能团与PPC发生了开环反应.MAH、PP-2可显著提高切片的拉伸强度,当MAH,PP-2用量为1%和2%时,切片拉伸强度较不添加助剂时分别提高了116%和101%.MAH,PP-2的加入降低了切片的熔体流动速率,提高了特性黏数,同时提高了切片的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度,扩大了切片的使用和加工温度范围.当MAH用量为1%时,切片Tg提高了4℃.当MAH,PP-2用量为1%和2%时,切片5%热分解温度分别提高了44℃和20℃.加入MAH、PP-2的切片断面的微观形貌图显示切片内部凹陷和空洞较少,较为平整,PP-2改善切片相容性的效果优于MAH.PPC和PP置于磷酸缓冲液中30天的降解率分别为4.30%和0%,说明PP在磷酸缓冲液中几乎不降解.加了助剂的切片30天的降解率在3.80%以上,说明制备的PPC/PP非织造布切片是可降解的,对环境友好.开环反应、增加切片界面黏附力、降低界面张力等可能是助剂提高切片性能的作用机理.     

二醋酸纤维素接枝丙交酯共聚物的合成与表征

以二醋酸纤维素为接枝骨架,在辛酸亚锡的催化下,通过L-丙交酯的开环接枝聚合反应,合成了二醋酸纤维素和聚丙交酯接枝共聚物(CDA-g-PLA),并采用GPC、FTIR、1H-NMR和DSC对接枝共聚物进行表征.研究了原料质量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)的影响.结果表明:反应温度150℃,单体丙交酯与二醋酸纤维素质量比为4:1,反应时间30min,催化剂辛酸亚锡与二醋酸纤维素的质量比为1%时,产物的接枝率较高.     

Graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride/styrene onto isotactic polypropylene using supercritical CO2

The free‐radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) and styrene (St) onto isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied by thermal decomposition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) using supercritical CO₂ as a solvent and swelling agent. Several effects of molar ratio of monomer, soaking temperature and time, reaction time, and reaction pressure on the graft degree were discussed. It was found that the addition of St to the grafting system as a comonomer could significantly enhance the graft degree of the grafted PP. Under the optimal reaction condition, the maximum of iPP grafting MAH and St in supercritical CO₂ medium was 10.58%. The chemical structures and properties of grafting copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the supercritical CO₂ method had noticeable advantages over the existed method when compared, such as a lower temperature, a higher graft degree, easy separation, and environmentally benign. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solvothermal process for grafting maleic anhydride onto poly(ethylene 1-octene)

Solvothermal process was developed to graft maleic anhydride (MAH) onto poly(ethylene 1-octene) (POE). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and ¹H NMR spectra confirmed that maleic anhydride was successfully grafted onto the POE. The influences of MAH content, initiator concentration, POE concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvents on the graft copolymerization were investigated through both of the grafting degree (GD) and gel content (GC). The results demonstrated that high grafting degree (up to 10.85%) could be obtained while the gel content was still low. Further studies revealed that POE-g-MAH could also be achieved in poor solvents of POE through this method.     

A study on melt grafting of maleic anhydride onto low‐density polyethylene and its blend with polyamide 6

Graft copolymerization of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with a maleic anhydride (MAH) was performed using intermeshing corotating twin‐screw extruder in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The LDPE/polyamide 6 (PA6) and LDPE‐g‐MAH/PA6 blends were prepared in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The melt viscosity of the grafted LDPE was measured by a capillary rheometer. The grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). The influence of the variation in temperature, BPO and MAH concentration, and temperature on the grafting degree and on the melt viscosity was studied. The grafting degree increased appreciably up to about 0.45 phr and then decreased continuously with an increasing BPO concentration. According to the FTIR analysis, it was found that the amount of grafted MAH on the LDPE chains was ～5.1%. Thermal analysis showed that melting temperature of the graft copolymers decreases with increasing grafting degree. In addition to this, loss modulus (E″) of the copolymers first increased little with increasing grafting and then obviously decreased with increasing grafting degree. Furthermore, the results revealed that the tensile strength of the blends increased linearly with increasing PA6 content. The results of SEM and mechanical test showed that the blends have good interfacial adhesion and good stability of the phase structure, which is reflected in the mechanical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 267–275, 2010     

Neodymium oxide‐assisted melt free‐radical grafting of maleic anhydride on isotactic‐polypropylene by reactive extrusion

Rare earth oxide, neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), ‐assisted melt free‐radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) on isotactic‐polypropylene (i‐PP) was carried out by reactive extrusion. The experimental results reveal that the addition of Nd₂O₃ into reactive system leads to an enhancement of the grafting degree of MAH, along with an elevated degradation of i‐PP matrix. When Nd₂O₃ content is 4.5 mmol %, the increment of the grafting degree of MAH (maximally) is up to about 30% compared with that of the related system without adding Nd₂O₃, while the severest degradation of i‐PP matrix simultaneously occurs. On the basis of the reaction mechanism of PP‐g‐MAH proposed before, the sequence of β‐scission and grafting reaction is discussed in detail. It is found that, for the reactive system studied, most tertiary macroradicals first undergo β‐scission, and then, grafting reaction with MAH takes place at the new radical chain ends. The imported Nd₂O₃ has no effect on the aforementioned reaction mechanism, whereas it enhances the initiating efficiency of the initiator, dicumyl peroxide (DCP). We tentatively explain the experimental results by means of synergistic effect between DCP and Nd₂O₃. It is calculated that the synergistic effect is maximal when the molar ratio of DCP to Nd₂O₃ is approximately 1:6. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 134–142, 2006     

HDPE氯化原位接枝MAH及产物结构

HDPE氯化原位接枝MAH及产物结构;高密度聚乙烯;氯化原位接枝;CPE-g-MAH;接枝率;凝胶     

聚氯乙烯-g-聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯共聚物的合成和表征

聚氯乙烯 (ＰＶＣ)是常用医用高分子材料之一 ,可以制作储血袋、导液管、人工尿道等 .ＰＶＣ亲水性差 ,影响其生物相容性 .采用亲水性单体与ＰＶＣ接枝共聚是提高ＰＶＣ亲水性的重要方法[1] .Ｋｒｉｓｈｎａｎ等[2 ] 对Ｃｏ60 辐照下ＰＶＣ接枝Ｎ 乙烯基吡咯烷酮进行了研究 .Ｓｉｎｇｈ等[3～ 5] 采用辐照引发甲基丙烯酸在ＰＶＣ薄膜的接枝反应 ,对接枝动力学、接枝后薄膜表面形态、溶胀和抗凝血性等进行了研究 .Ｇｏｌｄｂｅｒｇ等[6] 采用辐照引发甲基丙烯酸2 羟乙酯 (ＨＥＭＡ)在ＰＶＣ薄膜上的接枝 .Ｌｅｅ等[7]采用溶液接枝共聚制备了…