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To get a basis for the molecular-orbital discussion of the effect of phosphino (R2P) and phosphinyl (R2P = 0) groups on the reactivity of organic molecules the relative rate constants of four types of reactions are measured by standard kinetic methods. The results show, that both the phosphino and the phosphinyl group increase the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of 4-X-Benzoic-acid-methylester and of aromatic nucleophilic displacement on 4-X-Fluorobenzene, while the rate of methanolysis of 4-X-(α-Chloro-ethyl)-benzene is greater for X = R2P than for X = H, but smaller for X = R2PO than for X = H.  相似文献   

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Ohne ZusammenfassungVerzeichnis der gebrauchten Abkürzungen S. Z. Stationärer Zustand - S. Z. P. Stationaritätszeitpunkt - S. P. Stationaritätsperiode - D. S. Z. Dauernder stationärer Zustand - L. S. Z. Laufender stationärer Zustand - K. I. B. Kinetische Instabilitätsbedingung - S. I. B. Stöchiometrische Instabilitätsbedingung - Ü. P. Übergangsprinzip - P. G. P. Prinzip der Gleichheit der Partialgeschwindigkeiten - A. Z. Arrhenius SCHER Zwischenstoff - H. Z. Van't Hoff SCHER Zwischenstoff  相似文献   

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B. Klabuhn 《Tetrahedron》1976,32(5):609-613
To discuss the reactivities of some aromatic compounds substituted by the phosphino (Y2P) or the phosphinyl group (Y2PO) the MO's of the unsubstituted compounds were calculated by an SCF-π-MO-method. This was done for the ground state as well as for some transition-state like structure. Perturbation theory was used to analyze the effect of the substituents in question on both states. There are the following results. (1) The phosphino and the phosphinyl group stabilize electron rich transition states relative to neutral ground states by interactions of the non-bonding unoccupied d-orbitals on phosphorus with the occupied orbitals of the rest, the phosphinyl group being more effective by an extra stabilizing charge interaction. (2) The phosphinyl group destabilizes electron deficient transition states relative to neutral ground states by charge interactions, while the phosphino group slightly stabilizes those states by weak interactions of the hybrid orbital on phosphorus with unoccupied orbitals of the rest.  相似文献   

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Investigations on the Coordination Chemistry of Zinc Dialkyls. XVI. Synthesis and Investigation of Dinorbornyl Zinc Compounds Bis(1-norbornyl)-, bis(2-norbornyl)-, and bis(7-norbornyl)zinc were synthesized from zink chloride and the corresponding Grignard compounds or norbornyl lithium compounds, respectively. The properties of these compounds differ remarkably. A detailed characterization took place by the mass, IR and 13C-NMR spectra and by investigation of the thermal decomposition and complex formation reactions. For comparison the bis(7-norbornenyl)zinc was prepared and characterized.  相似文献   

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Stabilization of a Phospholanium-methylide by Silyl and Phenyl Substituents The ylide 1-methyl-1-methylene-1λ5-phospholane is a thermolabile compound and undergoes spontaneous dimerization. Introduction of one or two trimethylsilyl groups at the ylidic function reduces the nucleophilicity of the carbanion and no dimerization occurs. Through desilylation using alcohol, the silyl-free phospholane ylide is regenerated. Phenyl substitution as in 1-benzylidene-1-methyl-1λ5-phospholane has a similar effect. The compound is isolated as a stable ylide. The compounds were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data.  相似文献   

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A series of new tetracarbonyl and tricarbonyl complexes of manganese and rhenium with heteroallylic phosphine chelate ligands L  [XC(Y)PPh2]? and HXC-(Y)PPh2 (X, Y  NR, O, S) were prepared by reaction of the appropriate metal carbonyl halides with the free ligands or their silyl intermediates. The silyl method yields both cis-(CO)4ML and fac-(CO)3M(X)L (X  Cl, Br) complexes by controlled addition of water. Analytical, spectroscopic and crystallographic data of the ambidentate thioformamide ligands result in a P,S-coordination in all complexes. The 13C NMR spectra of several selected compounds were recorded and reveal some unexpected features.  相似文献   

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Ohne Zusammenfassung
Determination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in thermally unstable and air-sensitive organometallic compounds

Herrn Prof. Dr. K.-H. Thiele, unter dessen Leitung diese Arbeit durchgeführt wurde, gilt unser Dank für die jederzeit gewährte freundliche Unterstützung.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Maßnahmen zur Stabilisierung von Lichtbögen gegeben. Die einzelnen Methoden werden erläutert und dabei die Unterschiede zwischen magnetischer Stabilisierung und Wandstabilisierung erklärt. Auf ihre Anwendungen in der Spektralanalyse wird eingegangen. Die vom Maecker-Bogen ausgehende, zum scheibenstabilisierten Lichtbogen für die Lösungsanalyse führende Entwicklung wird an zwei Typen dieser Art gezeigt und der grundsätzliche Unterschied in der Aerosolzuführung beider Geräte betont. Die für die Spektralanalyse wichtigen und neuartigen Eigenschaften des scheibenstabilisierten Bogens werden genannt und auf die bis jetzt gewonnenen ausgezeichneten analytischen Erfahrungen hingewiesen.
Summary The different methods for stabilizing electric arcs are reviewed and explained, and the differences between magnetic stabilization and wall stabilization are elucidated. The application in spectral analysis is dealt with. The development, starting from the Maecker arc and leading to the disc-stabilized arc for the analysis of solutions, is demonstrated with two types of this kind and the fundamental difference in the aerosol supply of both devices is emphasized. The new and for spectral analysis important properties of the disc-stabilized arc are described and the hitherto excellent analytical experiences are pointed out.


Herrn Prof. Dr. H.Kaiser zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Rolle ionischer und hydrophober Wechselwirkungen bei der Stabilisierung von Micrococcus lysodeikticus-Membranen untersucht. 20–25% des Proteins, einschließlich Membran-ATPase und eines Teils der Malatdehydrogenase, ist ionisch gebunden. 80% der Membranproteine sind in der Membran durch hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen gebunden. Cytochrome sind ausschließlich durch hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen gebunden.
The role of noncovalent interactions in the stabilization of micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes
The role of ionic and hydrophobic interactions in the stabilization of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes has been studied. Ionic bonds retain 20–25% of protein, including membrane ATPase and part of malate dehydrogenase. 80% of membrane proteins are bound in the membrane by hydrophobic interactions. Cytochromes are bound exclusively by hydrophobic interactions.


Herrn Prof. Dr.E. Broda zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA und DSC wird das Verhalten der Polyacrylnitrilfaser Bulana mit und ohne Vorbehandlung mit einer Lösung von 2-Phenyl-2-(3,5 Dinitro-4-Hydroxyphenyl)-Propan in Nitrobenzol beim Erhitzen an der Luft und in Stickstoff erforscht. Dabei werden erhöhte Temperaturen für Beginn und Maximum der exothermen Prozesse Zyklisierung und Oxydation sowie verminderte Enthalpieveränderungen (H) beobachtet. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Prozesse betrug für die Ausgangsfaser 29,8 kcal/mol und für die mit DNKPh vorbehandelte Faser 32,4 kcal/mol.
Summary DTA and DSC measurements were used for studying the behaviour of crude PAN-fibre Bulana as well as PAN treated with a solution of 2-phenyl-2-(3,5 dinitro-4 hydroxyphenyl)-propane in nitrobenzene during heating in air and in nitrogen. As a result of the treatment an increase of the temperatures of initiation result of the treatment an increase of the temperatures of initiation and maximum of the exothermic reaction as well as a decrease of the enthalpy (H) were found. The calculated activation energy of cyclization and oxydation was 29,8 kcal/mol in case of PAN-fibre Bulana and increased to 32,4 kcal/mol in case of PAN-fibre Bulana treated with DNKPh.
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The title compounds3 can be prepared either from the iodonium-ylides1 or from the chlorocompounds4. On treatment with hydrochloric acid the thiophanium-ylides3 C undergo ring cleavage to the chlorobutylsulfides5, also formed from4 and thiophane. The dimethylsulfonium-ylide8 is derived from activatedDMSO and7 b. TheOrtoleva-King reaction is discussed as an alternative method for preparing pyridiniumylides.  相似文献   

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