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1.
Rate constants were determined for the reactions of OH radicals with the hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) CH2FCF2OCHF2(k1), CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 (k2), CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF3(k3), and CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF2CHF2(k4) by using a relative rate method. OH radicals were prepared by photolysis of ozone at UV wavelengths (>260 nm) in 100 Torr of a HFE–reference–H2O–O3–O2–He gas mixture in a 1‐m3 temperature‐controlled chamber. By using CH4, CH3CCl3, CHF2Cl, and CF3CF2CF2OCH3 as the reference compounds, reaction rate constants of OH radicals of k1 = (1.68) × 10?12 exp[(?1710 ± 140)/T], k2 = (1.36) × 10?12 exp[(?1470 ± 90)/T], k3 = (1.67) × 10?12 exp[(?1560 ± 140)/T], and k4 = (2.39) × 10?12 exp[(?1560 ± 110)/T] cm3 molecule?1 s?1 were obtained at 268–308 K. The errors reported are ± 2 SD, and represent precision only. We estimate that the potential systematic errors associated with uncertainties in the reference rate constants add a further 10% uncertainty to the values of k1k4. The results are discussed in relation to the predictions of Atkinson's structure–activity relationship model. The dominant tropospheric loss process for the HFEs studied here is considered to be by the reaction with the OH radicals, with atmospheric lifetimes of 11.5, 5.9, 6.7, and 4.7 years calculated for CH2FCF2OCHF2, CHF2CF2OCH2CF3, CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF3, and CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF2CHF2, respectively, by scaling from the lifetime of CH3CCl3. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 239–245, 2003  相似文献   

2.
Cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in CH2Cl2 solvent and in mixed CH2Cl2/CH3NO2 solvent was initiated with 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylium cations with AsF and SbF anions. Dissociation constants of the polytetrahydrofuranium ion pairs into ions were measured (e.g., KD = 1.5 × 10?5M at 25°C and [THF]0 = 7.0M; CH2Cl2 solvent) and were found to be more than 100 times lower than in CH3NO2 solvent at the same [THF]0 and temperature. The rate constants k and k, measured for degrees of dissociation ranging from 0.03 to 0.35 in CH2Cl2, were the same within an experimental error of measurements (±15% of the value of kp). Dependence of k( = k = k) on the dielectric constant was a monotonous function in three different solvents, namely, CCl4, CH2Cl2, and CH3NO2, which covered a large range of dielectric constants of the medium (from D = 5 to D = 22) and degrees of dissociation of the macroion pairs, α (from 0.03 to more than 0.70). Thus a decrease in the dielectric constant increases the rate constant k in the whole range of studied polarities of the medium. This result confirms an earlier conclusion that the rate constant of propagation does not depend on the state of aggregation of ions and k = k.  相似文献   

3.
The First Oxocobaltate of the Type A2CoIIO2: K2CoO2 = K4[OCoO2CoO] By “reaction with the cylinder surface” of intimate mixtures of K2O and CdO (molar ratio 1:1) in closed Co-Cylinders at 450°C during 73 d dark-red single-crystals of K2CoO2 were obtained. Structure solution and refinement (four-circle diffractometer-data, MoKα , 1 567 independent Io(hkl), none was omitted, R = 3.25%, Rw = 2.67%) result in a monoclinic unit cell containing anions [Co2O4]4? of two connected triangles similar to those of Rb10[CoIO2]2[CoO4]. MAPLE-values and Charge-distributions are given and discussed.  相似文献   

4.
Ab initio molecular orbital structures and energies of B2F4, B2Cl4, N2O4, and C2O have been calculated for both perpendicular D2d and planar D2h rotamers. The experimental trend toward greater preference for the D2d forms in going from B2F4 to B2Cl4 is reproduced. N2O4 favors the planar conformation, although the rotation barrier is overestimated at the theoretical levels used. The oxalate dianion is calculated to be more stable in the D2d conformation; the experimental planar arrangement in the solid may be due to crystal packing forces. The preferences for one conformation over another are small; analysis indicates that different effects may predominate in each case: π stabilization for B2F4, hyperconjugation for B2Cl4, lone-pair interactions for N2O4, and electrostatic repulsions for C2O.  相似文献   

5.
Nitridophosphates MP2N4:Eu2+ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) and BaSr2P6N12:Eu2+ have been synthesized at elevated pressures and 1100–1300 °C starting from the corresponding azides and P3N5 with EuCl2 as dopant. Addition of NH4Cl as mineralizer allowed for the growth of single crystals. This led to the successful structure elucidation of a highly condensed nitridophosphate from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data (CaP2N4:Eu2+ (P63, no. 173), a=16.847(2), c=7.8592(16) Å, V=1931.7(6) Å3, Z=24, 2033 observed reflections, 176 refined parameters, wR2=0.096). Upon excitation by UV light, luminescence due to parity‐allowed 4f6(7F)5d1→4f7(8S7/2) transition was observed in the orange (CaP2N4:Eu2+, λmax=575 nm), green (SrP2N4:Eu2+, λmax=529 nm), and blue regions of the visible spectrum (BaSr2P6N12:Eu2+ and BaP2N4:Eu2+, λmax=450 and 460 nm, respectively). Thus, the emission wavelength decreases with increasing ionic radius of the alkaline‐earth ions. The corresponding full width at half maximum values (2240–2460 cm?1) are comparable to those of other known Eu2+‐doped (oxo)nitrides emitting in the same region of the visible spectrum. Following recently described quaternary Ba3P5N10Br:Eu2+, this investigation represents the first report on the luminescence of Eu2+‐doped ternary nitridophosphates. Similarly to nitridosilicates and related oxonitrides, Eu2+‐doped nitridophosphates may have the potential to be further developed into efficient light‐emitting diode phosphors.  相似文献   

6.
The existence of ternary chalcogenides of general composition TlT 2 X 2 (T=Fe,Co,Ni,X=S;T=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,X=Se) crystallizing in the ThCr2Si2-structure type has been established. The crystal structure of TlCo2S2 was refined from single crystal diffractometer data. The dimensions of the tetragonal unit cells are: TlFe2S2;a=3.755 (1),c=13.35 (1) Å; TlCo2S2:a= =3.7410 (5),c=12.956(5) Å; TlNi2S2:a=3.792 (1),c=12.77 (1) Å; TlFe2Se2:a=3.890 (1),c=14.00(1) Å; TlCo2Se2:a=3.847 (1),c=13.54 (1) Å; TlNi2Se2:a=3.866 (1),c=13.41 (1) Å; TlCu2Se2:a=3.852 (1),c=14.01 (1) Å. These phases are the first chalcogenides found to crystallize in the ThCr2Si2-structure type. Unlike the already known representatives of this structure type they show a pronounced partial ionic character. Interatomic distances as well as the relations to the alkali thiometallates of Co and Mn are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
X-ray crystal structure analyses of sulfamide were carried out at 293 K and at 100 K:M=96.10, orthorhombic, Fdd2,Z=8,F(000)=400, Mo K, =0.71069 Å (graphite monochromator). A) 293 K:a=9.127 (1) Å,b=16.857 (5) Å,c=4.579 (1) Å,V=704.50 Å3,d x =1.812 Mgm–3, =0.648 mm–1,R=1.77%,R w =1.94% (384 reflections, 33 parameters). B) 100K:a=9.059 (1) Å,b=16.780 (8) Å,c=4.517 (1) Å,V=686.63 Å3,d x =1.859 Mgm–3, =0.665 mm–1,R=1.78%,R w =1.95% (404 reflections, 33 parameters). The sulfamide molecule shows at 293 K S-O and S-N distances of 1.429 (1) Å and 1.620 (1) Å, respectively, which are in agreement with IR data. Hydrogen positions could be determined from differenceFourier syntheses. Strong weakening of some intense low order reflections by extinction was observed, their anisotropy depends on the crystal and on temperature.
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8.
(C2H10N2)[BPO4F2] — Strukturbeziehungen zwischen [BPO4F2]2— und [Si2O6]4— Colourless crystals of (C2H10N2)[BPO4F2] were prepared from mixture of ethylendiamine, H3BO3, BF3 · C2H5NH2, H3PO4 and HCl under mild hydrothermal conditions (220 °C). The crystal structure was determined by single crystal methods (triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 451.85(5) pm, b = 710.20(8) pm, c = 1210.2(2) pm, α = 86.08(1)°, β = 88.52(2)°, γ = 71.74(1)°, Z = 2) and contains infinite tetrahedral zweier‐single‐chains {[BPO4F2]2—} which are isoelectronic (48e) with the polyanions {[Si2O6]4—} of the pyroxene family.  相似文献   

9.
Tricobalt (II)-dihydroxidesulfate-dihydrate, Co3(OH)2(SO4)2 · 2H2O, is orthorhombic: a = 7.21, b = 9.77, c = 12.86 Å, V = 905.9 Å3, space group D-Pbcm with four formula units per cell. The atomic positions have been determined by threedimensional Patterson and Fourier synthesis and full-matrix least-squares refinement of single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The structure shows infinite chains [001] of Co? O octahedra sharing one edge with each other. These chains are linked together by alternating SO4 tetrahedra and additional Co? O octahedra, thus giving rise to a three-dimensional network of polyhedra. There is no similarity to the well known layer structures of most hydroxide salts of divalent metals. The SO4 tetrahedra are regular while the Co? O octahedra show considerable distortion. The water molecule is coordinated to one Co atom and bonded to sulfate oxygen by two weak hydrogen bridges.  相似文献   

10.
The ionic title complex, bis(μ‐ethylene glycol)‐κ3O,O′:O′;κ3O:O,O′‐bis[(ethylene glycol‐κ2O,O′)(ethylene glycol‐κO)sodium] bis(ethylene glycolato‐κ2O,O′)copper(II), [Na2(C2H6O2)6][Cu(C2H4O2)2], was obtained from a basic solution of CuCl2 in ethylene glycol and consists of discrete ions interconnected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds. This is the first example of a disodium–ethylene glycol complex cation cluster. The cation lies about an inversion center and the CuII atom of the anion lies on another independent inversion center.  相似文献   

11.
Transparent single crystals of PbSbO2Br (green), PbSbO2I, and PbBiO2Br (yellow) were obtained by solid state reactions of stoichiometric amounts of PbO, Pn2O3 (Pn = Sb, Bi) and PnX3 (X = Br, I). The crystal structures were determined from single‐crystal X‐ray data. The title compounds crystallize tetragonally in the space group I4/mmm (No. 139): Lattice constants and refinement values are: PbSbO2Br: a = 3.9463(3), c = 12.849(1) Å, V = 200.10(3) Å3, and Z = 2, R1 = 0.0236, and wR2 = 0.0513. PbSbO2I: a = 4.0074(3), c = 13.627(2) Å, V = 218.84(3) Å3, and Z = 2, R1 = 0.0244, and wR2 = 0.0538. PbBiO2Br: a = 3.9818(2), c = 12.766(2) Å, V = 202.39(4) Å3, and Z = 2, R1 = 0.0276, and wR2 = 0.0715. The compounds are isotypic and crystallize in the anti‐ThCr2Si2 structure type with lead and Pn statistically disordered on one common position. In case of Pn = Sb a slight separation of the positions of the cations becomes obvious. Optical bandgaps were determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy. They are 2.67 eV (PbSbO2Br), 2.48 eV (PbSbO2I), and 2.47 eV (PbBiO2Br).  相似文献   

12.
The novel compound K2Na[InSb2] was synthesized from the elements at 900 K in sealed niobium ampoules. The compound forms plate-like crystals with silver metallic luster, which are very unstable in air and moisture. The crystal structure of K2NaInSb2 has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods (space group Cmca (No. 64); a = 14.032(2), b = 16.399(3), c = 7.009(1) Å; Z = 8; Pearson symbol oC48). The structure contains pairs of edge-sharing InSb4 tetrahedra which are linked to four other pairs via common vertices and form a two-dimensional [In2Sb2Sb4/2]6? anionic partial structure. The resulting pairs of tetrahedral holes are filled by Na+ cations. These [In2Sb2Sb4/2]6? layers are stacked along the b-axis and are interconnected by K+ cations. The whole structure can be considered as an ordered derivative of the KMnP structure (PbFCl type).  相似文献   

13.
14.
Phosphoraneiminato Complexes of Boron. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [BBr2(NPMe3)]2, [B2Br3(NPiPr3)2]Br, [B2(NPEt3)4]Br2, [B2Br2(NPPh3)3]BBr4 and [{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt3)2]Cl The bromoderivatives of the title compounds are prepared from the corresponding silylated phosphoraneimines Me3SiNPR3 and boron tribromide. The boron subcompound [{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt3)2]Cl2 derives from Me3SiNPEt3 and B2Cl2(NMe2)2. All complexes are characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by crystal structure determinations. [BBr2(NPMe3)]2 (1): Space group P21/n, Z = 2, R = 0.031. Lattice dimensions at ?50°C: a = 723.8, b = 894.2, c = 1305.4 pm, β = 92.35°. 1 forms centrosymmetric molecules in which the boron atoms are linked via μ2-N bridges of the NPMe3? groups of from B2N2 four-membered rings with B? N distances of 149.9 and 150.9 pm. B2Br3(NPiPr3)2]Br (2): Space group P21, Z = 2, R = 0.059. Lattice dimensions at ?80°C: a = 817.6, b = 2198.7, c = 851.5 pm, β = 115.09°. In the cations of 2 the boron atoms are lined via the μ2-N atoms of the NPiPr3? groups to form planar, asymmetric B2N2 four-membered rings with B? N distances of 143 and 156 pm. [B2(NPEt3)4[Br2·4CH2Cl2 (3): Space group C2/c, Z = 4, R = 0.042. Lattice dimensions at ?50°C: a = 1946.1, b = 1180.3, c = 2311.3 pm, β = 101.02°. The structure contains centrosymmetric dications in which both the boron atoms are lined by the N atoms of two of the NPEt3? groups to form a B2N2 four-membered ring with B? N distances of 149.6 pm. The remaining two NPEt3? groups are terminally bonded with very short B? N distances of 133.5 pm. B2Br2(NPPh3)3]BBr4 (4): Space group P1 , Z = 2, R = 0.065. Lattice dimension at ?50°C: a = 1025.7, b = 1496.1, c = 1807.0 pm, α = 85.09°, β = 82.90°, γ = 82.72°. In the cation the boron atoms are lined via the μ2-N atoms of two of the NPPh3? groups to form a nearly planer B2N2 four-membered ring with B? N distances of 149.3-153.1 pm. The third NPPh33 group is terminally connected with teh sp2 hybridized boron atom and with a B? N distance of 134.1 pm along with an almost linear BNP bond angle of 173.6°. [{B2(NMe2)2}2(NPEt2)2]Cl2 · 3CH2Cl2 (5): Space group C2/c, Z = 4, R = 0.098. Lattice dimensions at ?70°C: a = 1557.9, b = 1294.7, c = 2122.9 pm, β = 96.08°. The structure of 4 contains centrosymmetric dications in which two by two B-B dumb-bells are linked via the μ2-N atoms of the two NEPt3? groups to form B4N2 six-membered rings with B? N distances of 150 and 156 pm and B-B distances of 173 pm. The B? N distances of the terminally bonded NMe2? groups correspond to 138 pm double bonds.  相似文献   

15.
The strong mutual coupling of and even the opposite change in the key parameters, such as the band gap (Eg) and second-order harmonic generation (SHG), leads to the extreme scarcity in high-performance IR nonlinear optical (NLO) chalcogenides. Herein, we report 8 new sulfides, Na2Ba[(AgxNa1−x)2Sn2S7] ( 1 , x=0; 1 series , x=0.1–0.6; Na2Ba[(Li0.58Na0.42)2Sn2S7], 1-0.6Li ); Na2Sr[Cu2Sn2S7] ( 2 ); and Na2Ba[Cu2Sn2S7] ( 3 ). We use the structural tolerance factor ( ) to connect the chemical composition, crystal structure, and NLO properties. Guided by these correlations, a better balance between Eg and SHG is realized in 1 , which exhibits a large Eg of 3.42 eV and excellent NLO properties (SHG: 1.5×AGS; laser-induced damage threshold: 12×AGS), representing the best performance among the known Hg- or As-free sulfides to date.  相似文献   

16.
Crystal Structures of CaBe2Ge2 and CeMg2Si2 analogous Units: The Phosphides LnPt2P2?x (Ln: La, Sm) Single crystals of LaPt2P1.44 (a = 4.174(1), c = 19.212(5) Å) were grown by reaction of vaporous phosphorus with LaPt2 at 1050 °C during two weeks, whereas SmPt2P1.50 (a = 4.131(1), c = 19.086(4) Å) was synthesized by heating mixtures of the elements at 900 and 1100 °C (60 h) and annealing at 1050 °C (300 h). Both phosphides were investigated by single crystal X‐ray methods. Their crystal structures (I4/mmm; Z = 4) consist of CaBe2Ge2 and CeMg2Si2 analogous units alternating with each other along [001]. The positions of the P1 atoms are occupied incompletely causing the deviation to the 1:2:2 stoichiometry. Another compounds LnPt2P2?x were studied by X‐ray powder diffraction resulting in the following lattice constants: a = 4.150(1), c = 19.132(5) Å for CePt2P2–x, a = 4.137(1), c = 19.085(4) Å for PrPt2P2?x, and a = 4.127(1), c = 19.040(2) Å for NdPt2P2?x.  相似文献   

17.
Zusammenfassung Durch direkte Reaktion der metallischen Komponenten Dy, Ho oder Er mit Hg werden die PhasenSEHg,SEHg2 undSEHg3 (SE-Dy, Ho, Er) hergestellt. Ihre Gitterkonstanten und Kristallstrukturen [SEHg: CsCl(B 2)-Typ;SEHg2: AlB2(C 32)-Typ;SEHg3: Mg3Cd(DO19)-Typ] werden bestimmt.
A direct reaction between the metallic components Dy, Ho or Er with Hg yields the phasesREHg,REHg2 andREHg3 (RE=Dy, Ho, Er). The lattice spacings and crystal structures [REHg: CsCl(B 2)-type;REHg2: AlB2(C 32)-type;REHg3: Mg3Cd(DO19)-type] have been established.
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18.
From solutions containing praseodymium perchlorate and periodic acid, three different modifications of [Pr2(ClO4)2(H2I2O10)] · 8 H2O could be obtained. All of them crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c (α: a = 1091.47(6), b = 728.24(4), c = 1388.84(8) pm, β = 101.420(3)°; β: a = 1169.93(3), b = 728.72(2), c = 1384.50(4) pm, β = 112.303(2)°; γ: a = 1209.56(4), b = 712.53(2), c = 1361.64(5) pm, β = 115.691(1)°). The structures contain Pr3+ cations which are coordinated by [H2I2O10]4— anions yielding two‐dimensional networks. These networks are separated by ClO4 anions yielding a layered structure.  相似文献   

19.
[V_2(μ-S_2)_2(S_2CNEt_2)_4].2CH_3Cl was synthesized by the reaction of NaS_2CNEt_2,Li_2S andVOCl_3 at room temperature.Crystal data:M=1061.3,space group Pbca,with the orthorhombicparameters:a=20.123(3),b=20.485(4),c=10.911(3),V=4497.7,Z=4,D_c=1.57g/cm~3,Mo Kσradiation(λ=0.71069()?),μ=13.2 cm~(-1),F(000)=2168.Final R=0.041 and R_w=0.047 for 2288 ob-served reflections with I>3σ(1).The coordination sphere of each V atom in title compound is a dis-torted tetragonal prism composed of two bidentate dithiocarbamate and two S_(2~((2-)) ligands.The V—Vdistance is 2.890 while the V—S distances fall in the range of 2.422—2.505.  相似文献   

20.
Zusammenfassung Legierungen im Zweistoff Hf-Be sowie auf den Schnitten: HfBe2-HfSi2, ZrBe2-ZrSi2, ZrBe2-ZrB2, HfBe2-HfB2, ZrSi2-ZrB2 und HfSi2-HfB2 wurden an Hand druckgesinterter Proben röntgenographisch untersucht. HfBe2 kristallisiert im AlB2-Typ mit:a=3,788,c=3,168 Å, HfBe13 ist mit NaZn13 isotyp:a=10,010 Å. Auf dem Schnitt HfBe2-HfSi2 liegt eine ternäre Phase HfBeSi, die mit HfSi2 bzw. HfSi und HfBe2 im Gleichgewicht steht. HfSiBe besitzt eine aufgefüllte NiAs-Struktur mit:a=3,693 undc=7,135 Å. HfBe2 vermag kein Silicium bzw. HfSi2 zu lösen. Die Kristallarten ZrSiBe, ZrBe2 und ZrBe13 (a=10,044 Å) werden bestätigt. ZrSiBe tritt in einem homogenen Bereich auf:a=3,722,c=7,232 Å an der siliciumreichen unda=3,718,c=7,217 Å an der berylliumreichen Homogenitätsgrenze. ZrB2 und HfB2 nehmen bei 1400° rd. 12 bzw. 15 Mol% der entsprechenden Diberyllide auf, während umgekehrt diese kein Diborid lösen. In dem Schnitt: MeSi2-MeB2 (Me=Hf, Zr) lassen sich keine Phasen vom Typ MeSiB nachweisen.Mit 2 Abbildungen  相似文献   

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