Weitere neue Nb2O5-Modifikationen,metastabile Oxidationsprodukte von NbOx-Phasen (2,4 <x< 2,5)

Some New Nb₂O₅ Modifications, Metastable Oxidation Products of NbO_x Phases (2.4 <x< 2.5) The blue-black NbO_x Phases (2.4 <x< 2.5) are oxidized metastable in air to colourless (partly yellowish) Nb₂O₅ modifications already at temperatures about 200°C. At further heating stepwise and monotropic phase transformations are noticed; as final product the well known stable H modification appears. Some of the 15 new metastable Nb₂O₅ modifications obtained in this way appear in series. Therewith Nb₁₂O₂₉ (orh. and mon.) changes into two each, Nb₂₂O₅₄ and Nb₄₇O₁₁₆ into four each, Nb₂₅O₆₂ into two and Nb₅₃O₁₃₂ into one Nb₂O₅ phase. During oxidation and the following phase transformations at higher temperatures both the character of single crystal and the principle of building (block structure) of the starting material are maintained. This is especially proven from the electronoptical and X-ray investigations of Nb₁₂O₂₉ (orh. and mon.) and its products obtained by oxidation and further heating.     

Beiträge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtstöchiometrischer Verbindungen. XLIV. Neue elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung zur Realstruktur der metastabilen Nb2O5-Modifikation Ox1C

Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-Stoichiometric Compounds. XLIV. New Electron Microscopic Investigation of the Metastable Nb₂O₅ Modification Ox1C Oxidation of the blue-black NbO_x phases (2.4 < x < 2.5) in air or a diluted oxygen atmosphere leads all together to 21 metastable colourless (partly yellowish) Nb₂O₅ modifications. These can be described as compounds having block structures like the NbO_x phases themselves. At 200°C the oxidation process to the metastable phases proceeds quite slowly; at higher temperatures all polymorphs are finally transformed to H? Nb₂O₅. Electron diffraction patterns of the polymorph, which can be obtained by heating crystals of Nb₂₂O₅₄ in atmospheric environment at about 200°C (Ox1C), show extra spots in the c* direction compared to Nb₂₂O₅₄. This oxidation product is quite sensitive to the focused electron beam, so the reduction of the crystals back to Nb₂₂O₅₄ can only be avoided by reducing its intensity. Finally HRTEM images of thin crystal areas showing a superstructure were obtained. Comparing those characteristic image contrasts to calculated images of different point defect models one finds, that mainly one point defect is responsible for the superstructure. By migration of one Niobium atom two interstitial oxygen sites are created. So a structure model can be achieved leading to the formula Nb₄₄O₁₁₀.     

Beiträge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtstöchiometrischer Verbindungen. XII [1, 2]. Rückreduktion metastabiler Nb2O5-Modifikationen Oxydationsprodukte von NbOx-Phasen (2,4 < x < 2,5)

Die Reduktion der metastabilen Oxydationsprodukte der NbO_x-Phasen (2,4 < x < 2,5) mit H₂O/H₂-Mischungen wurde untersucht. Bei niedrigerer Temperatur (≈300°C) ist die Reduktionswirkung noch gering, sie nimmt mit steigender Temperatur beträchtlich zu. Dabei zeigen die Oxydationsprodukte der Zusammensetzung Nb₂O₅ ein gewisses ?Erinnerungsvermögen”?; in allen Fällen läft die Reduktion bis zu den ursprünglichen NbO_x-Phasen zurück. Man gelangt bei um so niedrigerer Reduktionstemperatur zur Zusammensetzung x des jeweiligen Ausgangsprodukts NbO_x zurück, je kleiner die Differenz 2,50?x ist. Bemerkenswert ist, daß die Rückreduktion zum monoklinen Nb₁₂O₂₉ über eine Zwischenstufe der Zusammensetzung 2,439?2,447 O/Nb verläuft. An dieser Stelle liegt eine neue, metastabile NbO_x-Phase mit einem charakteristischen Guinierdiagramm vor. Contributions on the Investigation of Inorganic Non-stoichiometric Compounds. XII. Reduction of Metastable Nb₂O₅ Modifications, Oxidation Products of NbO_x Phases (2.4 < x < 2.5) The reduction of metastable oxidation products of the NbO_x phases (2.4 < x < 2.5) by H₂O/H₂ mixtures was investigated. At lower temperatures (ca 300°C) the effect of the reduction was slight. It increased considerably with rising temperature. Samples oxidized to the composition Nb₂O₅ showed a certain “memory of structure”. The original NbO_x phases can be obtained in all cases from the oxidized products. The smaller the difference 2.50?x the lower the reaction temperature at which the composition x of the corresponding starting material NbO_x is regained. It is remarkable that the re-reduction to the monoclinic Nb₁₂O₂₉ proceeds by way of the intermediate composition 2.439?2.447 O/Nb. At this ratio O/Nb a new metastable NbO_x phase with a characteristic x-ray diagram exists.     

Umwandlungs- und reduktionsprodukte von metastabilem Nb2O5(Ox2BI), elektronenoptische untersuchung

A metastable Nb₂O₅ modification, obtained by fast and complete oxidation of the monoclinic form of Nb₁₂O₂₉, is transformed into the stable HNb₂O₅, modification by heating in air above 700° C whereas the reduction of the metastable Nb₂O₅ modification at comparable temperatures leads to the compound NbO_2.44 which is also metastable. The electron optical investigation shows that the reaction products have “block structures” which are heavily disordered.Typical structural defects recognizable in the products of both types of reactions are a “zipper-like” sequence of blocks, connections with R-tyue tunnels and characteristic structural elements of the initial structure of the metastable Nb₂O₅ modification. An irregular sequence of structural elements of Nb₁₂O₂₉ and Nb₂₅O₆₂ is characteristic of NbO_2.44.     

Beiträge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtstöchiometrischer Verbindungen. XIII. Oxydationsprodukte von monoklinem Nb12O29 Elektronenoptische Untersuchung

Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-stoichiometric Compounds. XIII. Oxidation Products of Monoclinic Nb₁₂O₂₉, Electron Optical Investigation The electron optical investigation shows that the starting material Nb₁₂O₂₉(mon.) is well ordered and that the oxidation products Nb₂O₅(Ox1BI) and Nb₂O₅(Ox2BI) have different structures. Nb₂O₅(Ox1BI) has a similar structure as Nb₁₂O₂₉(mon.), however differs from the latter by characteristic point defects, which in the electron microscope easily disappear by reduction. Nb₂O₅(Ox2BI) has not a well ordered structure; characteristic are rows of [2×n]-blocks which on the average are separated by five [3×n]-blocks. The average block length is n = 4 octahedra. The observed composition O/Nb = 2.500 can be explained by a structure model with unoccupied tetrahedral sites of Nb.     

Thermochemische Untersuchungen im System V/Nb/O. II Zum chemischen Transportverhalten im Bereich V2O5/Nb2O5/VO2/NbO2

Thermochemical Investigations in the System V/Nb/O. II. Chemical Transport in the Region V₂O₅/Nb₂O₅/VO₂/NbO₂ Transport experiments were used to support the phase relationships of the V₂O₅/Nb₂O₅/VO₂/NbO₂ system, which were established by annealing experiments of powder mixtures. The phase relations were studied in the NbO₂-rich region of the system by means of X-ray and ESMA methods. The NbO₂-rich section is characterized by the following two phase and three phase regions: Two phase region: V₃Nb₉O₂₉/rutile mixed crystal V_1?xNb_xO₂ Two phase region: BI-mixed crystal/V_xNb_1?xO₂ Three phase region: V₃Nb₉O₂₉/solubility limit LG1 (V_1?xNb_xO₂)/BI-mixed crystal Three phase region: solubility limit LG1 (V_1?xNb_xO₂)/BI-mixed crystal/solubility limit LG2 (V_xNb_1?xO₂). The composition of the solubility limits LG1 and LG2 was ascertained by means of ESMA-investigation: LG1: 57.5 ± 5 mol% NbO₂/43.5 ± 5 mol% VO₂ LG2: 22.5 ± 5 mol% NbO₂/78.5 ± 5 mol% VO_2?     

Beiträge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtstöchiometrischer Verbindungen. XXX. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung in Hochauflösung an metastabilen Niob-Wolfram-Oxiden Vergleich mit der rechnerischen Simultation

Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-stoichiometric Compounds. XXX. High Resolution Electron Microscopy Investigation of Metastable Niobium Tungsten Oxides. Comparison with Computer Simulated Images . Starting with solid solution series (Nb, W)O_x, where WO₃ + NbO₂ was substituted for Nb₂O₅, a gentle oxidation leads from the original block sizes of [3 × 4], [4 × 4], [4 × 5] or [5 × 5] octahedra to a doubling of blocks in the new ternary oxides, e. g. 2 × [5 × 5] → [5 × 10]. As HRTEM of the oxidation products revealed, these new larger blocks are connected in a special way including so-called “L-type-tunnels”. Using a LaB₆-cathode with our electron microscope, we now for the first time can directly see the positions of these tunnels.     

Contributions to the investigation of inorganic non-stoichiometric compounds. XXXI. A New NbOx Phase with ß-ZrNb24O62 structure

Chemical transport reactions with HgCl₂ as transport agent were used to prepare crystals (l = 1–2 mm) of the phases Nb₂₂O₅₄, Nb₄₇O₁₁₆, Nb₂₅O₆₂ and Nb₅₃O₁₃₂. Due to the high temperature applied (T ≈ 1250 to 1280°C) a new NbO_x phase was formed. Without a transport agent the temperature had to be even higher (≈ 1350°C). The complicated block structure of the new phase corresponding to the ideal composition Nb₂₅O₆₂ was revealed by HRTEM. The structure visible by this method remained unchanged on oxidation to Nb₂O₅.     

Beiträge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtstöchiometrischer Verbindungen. XXIII. Neue Bauelemente bei metastabilen Blockstrukturen im System Nb2O5/WO3 Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung in Hochauflösung

Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-stoichiometric Compounds. XXIII. New Building Elements of Metastable Block Structures in the System Nb₂O₅/WO₃, Investigation by High Resolution Electron Microscopy Under equilibrium conditions the region of existence of block structures in the system Nb₂O₅/WO₃ ends with a phase having the composition 9 Nb₂O₅:8 WO₃ corresponding to values of O/ΣM = 2.654 (M = Nb, W) and W/Nb = 0.44. We now investigated to what extent this region of existence of block structures could be expanded towards a higher content of WO₃. Starting out from the known phases Nb₂O₅:WO₃ = 6:1, 7:3, 8:5 and 9:8 in which Nb and W are present in their maximum states of oxidation, we obtained series of solid solutions by substituting W for Nb. Thereby the initial structure (block sizes [3×4], [4×4], [4×5] and [5×5] M–O-octahedra) and also the respective O/ΣM remained unchanged. Upon complete oxidation of these series of solid solutions which led into reduced systems (e. g. NbO₂/Nb₂O₅/WO₃) at ～500°C metastable products were gained, which also have block structures. Corresponding to the extent of substitution of the initial series of solid solution and the resulting ratio O/ΣM of the oxidation products the new structures are to a wide extent built of large blocks that have an extension (at maximum [5X15] M–O-octahedra) we have not observed so far. These blocks could be seen using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The investigations on the oxidation products of the solid solutions of thc 8:5 and 9:8 series and illso it model concerning the mechanism of oxidation are described.     

Na(V3−xNbx)Nb6O14 – ein neues Oxoniobat mit [Nb6O12]- und [M2O9]-Clustern

Na(V_3?xNb_x)Nb₆O₁₄ — A Novel Oxoniobate with [Nb₆O₁₂] and [M₂O₉] Clusters Goldcolored single crystals and black powders of Na(V_3?xNb_x)Nb₆O₁₄ have been prepared by heating a pellet containing a mixture of NaNbO₃, NbO₂, NbO, VO₂ and NaF or Na₂B₄O₇ (as mineralizers) at 900°C in a sealed gold capsule. The analytically determined Nb : V ratio is 5 : 1 and means that x is about 1.5. The compound crystallizes in P6₃/m with a = 603.4(1), c = 1807.9(5) pm and Z = 3. The crystal structure can be described in terms of common close packing of sheets of O and Na atoms together with Nb₆ octahedra. Characteristic building groups of the new structure type are [Nb₆O₁₂] clusters, [M₂O₉] clusters and NbO₅ bipyramids. V atoms are distributed only on the positions of the Nb atoms within the trigonal bipyramids or the [M₂O₉] clusters. The [Nb₆O₁₂] clusters show characteristicaly short distances d_Nb-Nb = 279.4 and 281.3 pm, respectively. In the [M₂O₉] units, which are built from two MO₆ octahedra that share a common face, V or Nb atoms form M–M dumbbells with d_M–M = 255.9 pm. The electronic structure is discussed using Extended Hückel calculations.     

Thermal decomposition of lithium-inserted NbO2F

The thermal decomposition of lithium-inserted NbO₂F was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Samples of Li_xNbO₂F (O ⩽ x ⩽ 1.8) were heated to 800 and 950 K. The thermograms revealed that decomposition started within the temperature range 640–780 K followed by a second step at approximately 900 K. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and electron diffraction patterns and by high resolution electron microscopy. The following phases were obtained at 800 K: LiF, NbO₂F, the low pressure form of Nb₃O₇F, and lithium-enriched forms of PNb₂O₅, NbO₂ and LiNbO₃. At 950 K, NbO₂F disappeared, and LiNb₃O₈ and the high pressure form of Nb₃O₇F coexisted with the other phases obtained at 800 K. The formation of structures built up of approximately hexagonally close-packed anion arrangements is discussed, as well as the role of lithium as a stabilizing component.     

Beiträge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtstöchiometrischer Verbindungen. XIV. Oxydationsprodukte von orthorhombischem Nb12O29 Elektronenoptische Untersuchung

Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-stoichiometric Compounds. XIV. Oxidation Products of Orthorhombic Nb₁₂O₂₉, Electron Optical Investigation An electron optical investigation shows that the orthorhombic starting material Nb₁₂O₂₉(BII) is well ordered. The oxidation products Nb₂O₅(Ox1BII) and Nb₂O₅(Ox2BII) are different from each other in structures as well as in their reactions. Nb₂O₅(Ox1BII) is unstable in the electron beam and differs from BII by characteristic point-defects. The radiation load can lead to the reduction to BII or to a transition into a defect structure with R-type-tunnels. The not well ordered structure of Nb₂O₅(Ox2BII) is stable in the electron beam. Characteristic is the sequence of [2×5] and [3×4] blocks, the latter in two different orientations. The observed composition O/Nb = 2.500 can be described by the present structural modell assuming vacant niobium tetrahedral sites. The large structural differences between the oxidation products of the orthorhombic and the monoclinic Nb₁₂O₂₉ are remarkable.     

Polymorphie von SrTa2O6

Polymorphism of SrTa₂O₆ Orthorhombic SrTa₂O₆ is a new low temperature modification related to orthorhombic CaTa₂O₆. SrTa₂O₆(orh.) was obtained when the wellknown modification SrTa₂O₆(TTB) which is related to the tetragonal tungsten bronzes was heated in the presence of a transporting agent (chlorine) or a mineralizer (melt of B₂O₃) at temperatures below 1150°C. It could be prepared by the reaction of a 1:1 mixture of Sr(NO₃)₂ or SrCO₃ with Ta₂O₅ in a sealed quartz glass tube as well. SrTa₂O₆(orh.) also occurred as an intermediate phase of the reaction of the corresponding 1:2 mixture at temperatures below 900°C (e. g. 840°C). Indexing of Guinier powder patterns led to the following unit cell: a = 11.006 Å, b = 7.638 Å, c = 5.622 Å. At temperatures above 1220°C SrTa₂O₆(orh.) changes (in air) to SrTa₂O₆(TTB). A reversal of this transition could not be achieved without the presence of a mineralizer or a transporting agent. Ca_xSr_1?xTa₂O₆ solid solutions of the low temperature form could not definitely be established. However, at 1300°C solid TTB solutions of Ca_xSr_1?xTa₂O₆ were formed. For x > 0.05 the TTB unit cells are orthorhombically distorted. For x ≥ 0.85 the x-ray powder patterns of the solid solutions looked like the one of CaTa₂O₆(orh.) and no TTB-structure was observed at 1300°C.     

In Situ Oxidation of Nb22O54 in a Gas Reaction Cell High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope

A nonstoichiometric block structure oxide, Nb₂₂O₅₄ (NbO_2.455), with monoclinic symmetry was characterized following in situ oxidation in a controlled environment, high-resolution electron microscope. This instrument is based on a JEOL 4000EX electron microscope equipped with a gas reaction cell. The oxidation reaction was carried out by introducing ca. 20 mb of oxygen gas to the specimen region and heating the specimen by means of a focussed electron beam. The resulting structures obtained after the oxidation reaction were not totally homogeneous. (1) Mainly microdomains of Nb₁₀O₂₅ were found, which consists of [3×3] blocks of octahedra linked through tetrahedrally coordinated sites—such a structure is isostructural with PNb₉O₂₅. Nb₁₀O₂₅ seems to be a metastable phase in the Nb-O system, and was found here for the first time as extended domains. (2) A highly disordered structure was observed in some areas of the crystal after oxidation, with a corresponding electron diffraction pattern similar to an “X” phase interpreted as two-dimensionally disordered H-Nb₂O₅. Very clear lamellar defects were also found after oxidation.     

Sur quelques Nouvelles Phases Oxyfluorées de Structure “Bronzes Oxygénés de Tungstène Quadratiques”

On Some New Oxide Fluoride Phases of Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Structure Six new oxide fluorides of tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure have been obtained by partial substitution of oxygen by fluorine in the ABCNb₅O₁₅ compounds (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; B = Ca, Sr, Ba; C = Na, K): CaK₂Nb₅O₁₄F, SrK₂Nb₅O₁₄F, SrKNaNb₅O₁₄F, BaK₂Nb₅O₁₄F, BaKNaNb₅O₁₄F and BaNa₂Nb₅O₁₄F. An investigation on Sr_2?xK_1+xNb₅O_15?xF_x and Ba_2?xNa_1+xNb₅O_15?xF_x solid solutions characterizes ferroelectric behaviour. Replacement of oxygen by fluorine decreases the Curie temperature, but for a small oxygenfluorine substitution rate an increase of the dielectric constant is observed.     

X-ray microanalysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the reduced titanium-niobium oxides

Phase relationships in TiNb₂O₇ and Ti₂Nb₁₀O₂₉ reductions at 1400°C were investigated by means of X-ray microanalytical electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compositions of phases present in equilibrium were obtained by applying thin-crystal approximation by which $\text{Nb}\text{Ti}$ ratios in different phases were determined; their oxygen content was inferred from structural considerations. In this manner, phase relationships in that portion of the TiO₂NbO₂NbO_2.5 equilibrium diagram with 2.417 ≥ x (in MeO_x) ≥ 2 were defined. Data obtained, in combination with high-resolution electron microscopy observations, confirmed that the reduction reaction, in part, is a heterogeneous process controlled by outward diffusion of both metal and oxygen atoms. Recombination of the diffused particles leads to the formation of separate crystals. The original block structure phase undergoes transformation in a quasihomogeneous manner either to an isomorphous phase in the binary NbO system or to a structurally related lower composition oxide. A new superstructure Me₂₅O₆₀(Ti_7.16Nb_42.84O₁₂₀) has been detected as an intermediate metastable phase, generated in the reduction of TiNb₂O₇ to stable Me₁₂O₂₉(Ti_1.53Nb_10.47O₂₉) and MeO₂(Ti_0.52Nb_0.48O₂) phases. Consideration of phase relationships among Me₂₅O₆₀, Me₁₂O₂₉, and MeO₂ suggests a chemical mechanism for the reaction concerned. The Me₂₅O₆₀ superstructure has a monoclinic symmetry with cell parameters a = 19.0 Å, b = 3.8 Å, c = 26.6 Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 78.5°, as determined from the structure image calculations.     

Reduction of the titanium niobium oxides. II. TiNb24O62

Interpretation of the reduction path of TiNb₂₄O₆₂ is complicated by uncertainty about both the stoichiometric ranges of the possible block structures and the formation of TiNb solid solutions. Reduction forms the Me₁₂O₂₉ phase, probably from the outset, with an initial composition close to Ti₂Nb₁₀O₂₉, thereby rapidly depleting the Me₂₅O₆₂ phase of titanium. When log p_O2 (atm) has dropped to ?9.62, a phase approximately Ti_0.95Nb_11.05O₂₉ is in equilibrium with titanium-free Nb₂₅O₆₂ at its lower composition limit (NbO_2.471). Nb₂₅O₆₂ is then reduced to Nb₄₇O₁₁₆ without change in the Me₁₂O₂₉. At ?9.62>log p_O2 (atm) > ?10.0, niobium is transferred to the Me₁₂O₂₉ phase and Nb₄₇O₁₁₆ is consumed. A second univariant equilibrium is set up as Nb₄₇O₁₁₆ is reduced to Nb₂₂O₅₄. This is consumed in turn, to increase the niobium content of the Me₁₂O₂₉ until, at log p_O2 close to ?10.8, monophasic Ti_0.48Nb_11.52O₂₉ is formed. The (Ti,Nb)O₂ solid solution then appears and the final product is Ti_0.04Nb_0.96O₂, with the rutile superstructure cell reported for NbO₂.     

Na3Al2Nb34O64 und Na (Si,Nb) Nb10O19: Clusterverbindungen mit isolierten Nb6-Oktaedern

Na₃Al₂Nb₃₄O₆₄ and Na (Si, Nb) Nb₁₀O₁₉. Cluster Compounds with Isolated Nb₆-Octahedra Hexagonal ormolu coloured plates of the new compounds Na₃Al₂Nb₃₄O₆₄ ( I ) and Na(Si, Nb)Nb₁₀O₁₉ ( II ) were prepared by heating pellets of NaF, Al₂O₃, NbO₂ and NbO (3:1:8:2) and NaF, NbO₂ and NbO (1:4:2), respectively, at approx. 850°C. I was contained in a sealed gold capsule, II in a silica tube. The Si incorporated in II originates from the container material. Both compounds crystallize in R 3 , I with a = 784.4(1), c = 7065(1) pm, Z = 3 and II with a = 784.1(1), c = 4221.8(5) pm, Z = 6. I and II represent new structure types. They contain the same characteristic structural units, namely discrete Nb₆O₁₂ clusters (d_Nb–Nb = 283 ± 4 pm) and Nb₂O₁₀ units with Nb–Nb dumbells (d_Nb–Nb ≈? 269 pm) in edgesharing coordination octahedra. In addition NbO₆ octahedra containing Nb in the oxidation state + 5 and NaO₁₂ cube-octahedra occur in both compounds besides AlO₄ and SiO₄ tetrahedra in I and II , respectively. The structures can be described in terms of a common closepacking of O and Na atoms together with Nb₆ octahedra.     

The investigation of NbO2 and Nb2O5 electronic structure by XPS,UPS and first principles methods

In this paper, the electronic structures of NbO₂ and Nb₂O₅ are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The oxides in the samples are mainly consisted of NbO₂ and NbO, whereas the outmost layer of the samples is NbO₂. After exposure to air, the outermost layer on all niobium samples is Nb₂O₅. The photoelectrons from the first 2–4 Å contribute to the spectra, so the valence band structure of NbO₂ and Nb₂O₅ can be confirmed from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). By comparing the UPS with density of state results, the electronic structure of NbO₂ and Nb₂O₅ can be distinguished from each other, and then the electronic structure was deconvoluted into several electronic states. The agreement between experimental result and theory is, in the best case, satisfactory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reactivity of T-Nb2O5 or H-Nb2O5 towards V2O5. Synthesis in the solid state and properties of V4Nb18O55

The IR spectrum of V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅ has been compared with the IR spectra of selected niobates of known structures to show structural relations between these compounds. This comparison shows that V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅ has crystal structure related to T-Nb₂O₅, W16Nb18O94 and Ba₂NaNb₅O₁₅. On the other hand, reaction between V₂O₅ and H-Nb₂O₅ yields a solid solution of V₂O₅ in VNb₉O₂₅. It has been proposed two models of synthesized solid solution with formulas V_1+xNb_9-xO₂₅ or V_1+xNb₉O_25+5x/2.Independently of Nb₂O₅ polymorph, used for synthesis, the metastable compound VNbO5 cannot be synthesized in the solid state below 650°C