Chromatographic Behavior of C60 and C70 Fullerenes at Subambient Temperature with n-Alkanes Mobile Phases

The influence of temperature on the retention and separation of C60 and C70 fullerenes was studied under HPLC conditions. Particularly, chromatographic experiments were conducted using moderate carbon loaded octadecylsilica stationary phase and homologous series of n-alkanes including n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane as the mobile phases. All studies were performed across wide range of subambient temperature from −80 to +20 °C. From practical point of view the best chromatographic conditions for baseline separation of the components of interest were selected. The retention of analytes was strongly affected by temperature and below minus 30 °C strong deviation from van't Hoff behavior was observed. To explore this phenomenon selected thermodynamic parameters including changes of enthalpy (ΔH^o) and changes of entropy (ΔS^o) were estimated. Positive values of the ΔH^o and ΔS^o at low temperature region may indicate the lack of the interaction with the stationary phase ligands. A possible retention mechanism at different temperatures for C60 and C70 molecules has been discussed.     

Variation with Temperature of Phase Ratio in Reversed Phase HPLC for a Methanol/Water Mobile Phase

Chromatographia - The ratio between the volume of the stationary phase and the void volume of column in HPLC is known as the phase ratio (denoted by Φ). In almost all the thermodynamic studies...     

液相色谱梯度淋洗过程中溶剂的分布规律

在液相色谱梯度淋洗过程中,由于柱外过程和流动相在柱内的输运过程中的延迟作用和扩散的影响,使得溶剂浓度梯度变化时,在柱内特定位置的浓度随时间的变化符合相应的分布规律.本文从理论和实验两个方面对这一规律加以探讨,并讨论了仪器条件对该分布规律的影响.     

Non-aqueous reverse-phase HPLC analysis of triglycerides

Summary The present review cites 54 papers dealing with reversephase HPLC analysis of triglycerides. The objective of the review was not merely to list the main contributions made in recent years but also to present a discussion of those papers representing qualitative advances and improvements helping to obviate the difficulties associated with this type of analysis. The use of mobile phase polarity and column temperature gradients and the combination of HPLC with other analytical methods such as mass spectrometry or GLC analysis of fatty acids are examples of such contributions.     

Determination of Acetonitrile Volume Fraction in Mobile Phase by HPLC

This paper reports the development and validation of an assay for the determination of acetonitrile in the recycled mobile phase using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The method is based on that the retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography increases with decreasing concentration of organic phase in the mobile phase. The natural logarithm of the capacity ratio for a given solute is linearly related to the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the mobile phase. For dimethylphthalate and diethylphthalate, the linearity range is 30%--60%, and for biphenyl and terphenyl, the range is 60%--95%. Precision values（RSD） were both 〈1% and the accuracy（RE） was in the range of ±1%. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of acetonitrile concentration of recycled mobile phase after the distillation of the column eluent in our laboratory.     

A Reverse Phase HPLC Method to Determine Six Food Dyes Using Buffered Mobile Phase.

Abstract

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to determine six food dyes (Sunset Yellow (E-110), Carminic acid (E-120) Carmoisine (E-122), Amaranth (E-123), Ponceau 4R (E-124) and Erythrosine (E-127) is developed in this paper. The separation was made on a Nova-Pack C18 column using methanol -NaH₂PO₄/Na₂HPO₄ pH=7 buffer solution 0.1M as mobile phase with an elution gradient system. The detection was made with a variable UV-Vis. detector fixed at 520 nm.

The effect of mobile phase composition such as the percentage of methanol or acetonitrile, pH value and ionic strength on retention times of the dyes was investigated. In the chromatographic conditions selected, the dyes were eluted in four minutes. Two calibration graphs for each dye were established by measuring the peak area and the peak height in the chromatograms. Determination limits ranging from 0.8 to 9.2 ng were obtained when the peak area was measured.

Several commercial products containing some of these dyes were analyzed.     

高效液相色谱手性流动相添加法拆分阿替洛尔对映体

采用C18固定相,以磺丁基醚-β-环糊精为手性流动相添加剂,提出了阿替洛尔对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。选用KromasilC18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为含20mmol.L-1磺丁基醚-β-环糊精的pH8.2的10mmol.L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液-甲醇-乙腈(60+35+5),紫外检测波长275nm,柱温为25℃,进样量20μL,流量为0.5mL·min-1时,分离度达到1.63。     

Study of the Effect of Mobile Phase Additives on Retention in Reversed Phase HPLC Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships

Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) were used to delineate which specific intermolecular interactions are responsible for changes in retention for a variety of well characterized analytes when acidic and basic additives were used in reversed phase HPLC. The effects of trifluoroacetic acid, triethylamine and a combination of trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine on the LSERs were compared to those observed in the absence of additives. These effects were examined using four different mobile phase modifiers and five different stationary phases. Trifluoroacetic acid alone and in combination with triethylamine produced LSER regression coefficients nearly identical to those obtained with no additive present in the mobile phase. Triethylamine alone produced different LSER regression coefficients from the other systems unless the mobile phase contained trifluoroethanol as the mobile phase modifier, or the stationary phase consisted of a polymeric support.     

离子液体作流动相添加剂高效液相色谱法分离莨菪类生物碱

建立了以离子液体1-辛基-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(Omin PF6)为高效液相色谱流动相添加剂分离莨菪类生物碱的方法,探讨了离子液体的保留模型及机理。采用高效液相色谱法,考察了检测波长、有机相种类和比例、离子液体的种类、p H值和浓度、缓冲盐体系等因素对莨菪类生物碱色谱行为的影响。结果显示,当离子液体作为流动相添加剂时,可明显改善此类生物碱的分离效果,减少色谱峰的拖尾,提高分离效率。研究显示,Omin PF6浓度与容量因子的变化符合溶质计量置换保留模型(SDM-R),且保留过程以竞争吸附为主。     

Effect of Temperature and Mobile Phase Composition on RP-HPLC Separation of Cephalosporins

Abstract

The effects of mobile phase composition and column temperature on resolution in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to separate the following cephalosporins: cefonicid, cefaclor, cephazolin, cefodizime, cephaloridine, cephamandole and cephalotin, from a single sample. The capacity factor (k') was described as a function of temperature and mobile phase composition. Semi-empirically estimated values of k' were determined using a small number of experimental data for different temperatures between 20°C and 60°C, and mobile phase compositions (acetate buffer/isopropanol). The capacity factor of each cephalosporin was observed to decrease with increasing temperature and the volume fraction (V) of isopropanol in the mobile phase; linear relationships were obtained for plots of In k' versus 1/T and log k' versus log V. The method developed, while simple, reveals the optimal isocratic elution conditions for column temperature and eluent concentration for the complete separation and rapid analysis of the cephalosporins studied.     

高效液相色谱法分离药物对映体中手性流动相添加剂的应用

综述了近年来手性流动相添加剂在高效液相色谱拆分对映体中的应用,阐述了各类手性流动相添加剂的拆分机理及其在药物分析中的应用,引用文献52篇.     

高效液相色谱手性流动相添加剂法拆分头孢羟氨苄对映体

以羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)为手性流动相添加剂,提出了头孢羟氨苄对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。选用SinoChromODS-BP色谱柱(4.6mm×200mm,5μm),含16mmol.LHP-β-CD的甲醇-乙腈-水(10+10+80)混合溶液为流动相,pH为4.93,流速为0.30mL·min-1,紫外检测波长为232nm,进样量为10μL。试验结果表明:该法可使头孢羟氨苄的两对对映体得到良好的分离,分离度分别为1.51,1.53。     

高效液相色谱-手性流动相添加法拆分高精氨酸对映体

以L-苯丙氨酸-铜(Ⅱ)络合物作为流动相的手性添加剂,提出了高精氨酸对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。选用Waters Atlantis C_(18)色谱柱,流动相为pH 2.8的含0.71mmol·L~(-1)L-苯丙氨酸-0.351mmol·L~(-1)硫酸铜的甲醇-水(20+80)溶液,紫外检测波长为200nm,进样量20μL,流量为0.5 mL·min~(-1)时,高精氨酸对映体得到良好的分离,分离度达到1.8。L-高精氨酸和D-高精氨酸的峰面积与其质量浓度分别在2.00～72.05mg·L~(-1)和3.00～60.23mg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别达到1.0mg·L~(-1)和1.5mg·L~(-1)。     

Autoxidation of MMH at Room Temperature in the Gas Phase

The objective of this study is to characterize the lifetime of monomethylhydrazine mixed with O₂, both in the gas phase, at 298 K. A detailed kinetic model has been built to allow a numerical study of the homogeneous MMH/O₂ reactivity.     

Predictive Optimization of the Separation of Phenylurea Pesticides using Ternary Mobile Phase Gradients in Reversed-Phase HPLC

Abstract

The method for optimization of ternary mobile phase gradients in HPLC developed earlier is illustrated on a practical example of reversed-phase separation of phenylurea pesticides. Predictive calculation methods were used to optimize subsequently “solvent strength”, “selectivity” and “combined solvent strength - selectivity” gradients. The merits of the three types of ternary gradients for this specific separation problem are discussed to elucidate the basic principles of the optimization strategy. The predicted retention data are compared with the experimental results and the limitations of the approach are shown. The present method makes it possible to reduce significantly the number of experiments and calculations necessary to perform the optimization in comparison to a systematic search of the optimized parametr space.     

Effects of Temperature and Mobile Phase Condition on Chiral Recognition of Poly(l-phenylalanine) Chiral Stationary Phase

Characteristics of the chiral stationary phase with poly(l-phenylalanine) peptide selector, which was in ??-helical state, was reported. Since environmental factors affect peptide conformation, the changes in enantioselectivity were examined depending on column temperature and mobile phase conditions (ionic strength, pH, mobile phase composition). Column temperature and pH drastically affected the enantioselectivity. Based on these changes, the relation between chiral recognition and secondary structure of the peptide selector was discussed. The column stability during sequential analysis under different separation conditions was also evaluated.     

室温下聚四氟乙烯的压致相变

用激光拉曼光谱研究了PTFE在室温下的压致相变,压致Ⅳ-Ⅱ和Ⅱ-Ⅲ相变时,相应的拉曼光谱都有明显的变化,讨论了压致相变时的构象变化.用Tait方程和Murnaghan方程处理等温压缩数据,也发现了Ⅱ-Ⅲ压致相变.首次计算了高压相的模Gruneisen参数.     

The Convergence Coordinates of the Affinity of a Component to the Stationary Phase vs. the Composition of Mobile Phase in HPLC

By plotting of the affinity of component to adsorbent (_a) vs. the logarithm of the solvent activity in the mobile phase in a reversed phase HPLC system, it is shown that when the concentration of organic solvent in the mobile phase increases, _a of a series of aromatic alcohol homologues tends to converge to a point. A theoretical model for evaluating the convergent coordinates was presented by using the linear relationship between _a and log a_D and the stoichiometric displacement theory for retention (SDT-R). The physical meaning of the coordinates of convergence point was also elucidated. Convergence occurs when the activity of the displacing solvent approaches the value when in a pure state. The experimental results fit the equations and the coordinate of the convergence point well. At the same time, a unified equation to express the quantitative relation between parameter _a describing the adsorption process in a liquid-solid system and k describing the retention process in a liquid chromatographic system is also derived.     

低温条件对高效液相色谱手性拆分柱效和选择性的影响

本文研究了低温条件下温度对高效液相色谱手性拆分的影响。以消旋安息香为样品,以正己烷-乙醇(70∶30,V/V)为流动相,分别用粒径为3μm、5μm、10μm的Chiralcel OD手性柱,分别在-40℃、-25℃、-10℃、5℃、20℃、35℃柱温条件下,测定了不同流速下安息香手性拆分的保留时间和柱效。根据van Deemter方程对每个温度条件下的H-u关系图进行非线性拟合,得到A、B和C三个系数与温度的关系曲线。根据手性拆分的热力学关系式,在-40℃到35℃柱温范围内,考察各色谱柱对安息香分离的lnk2′-1/T、lnα-1/T的关系均为线性。结果显示,在整个实验温度范围内,安息香在Chiralcel OD手性柱的手性拆分机理不变,降低温度能提高手性分离的选择性,但是会降低通常流速下的柱效,从而影响分离度。随着温度的降低,各色谱柱得到的van Deemter方程中系数A基本不变,系数C随着温度降低逐渐升高。